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Manufacture of RWTF Cement Waste Form Including Low-level Liquid Waste for Final Disposal

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2019 ⦽ǎႊᔍᖒ⠱ʑྜྷ⦺⫭ ⇹ĥ⦺ᚁݡ⫭ םྙ᫵᧞Ḳ

220099

Manufacture of RWTF Cement Waste Form Including Low-level Liquid Waste for Final

Disposal

Gi Yong Kim, Junhyuck Im, Jong Sik Shon, and Dae Seok Hong*

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea *

dshong@kaeri.re.kr

1. Introduction

Radioactive waste at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) are generated from the research reactor, Radio Isotope (RI) production facility and laboratories using RI. Therefore, it is essential to operate the Radioactive Waste Treatment Facility (RWTF) that can safely manage all radioactive waste at KAERI. One of the efficient way to treat radioactive waste is cement solidification. The cement solidification method is efficient and simple than other solidification method. Hence, this study is focused on the development of cement solidification for final disposal facility. We used zeolite to improve the radioactive nuclide leaching resistance of RWTF cement waste form containing low-level liquid waste (LLLW). All RWTF cement waste form should meet the waste acceptance criteria for final disposal in several tests such as thermal cycling, immersion, and compressive strength test.

2. Methods and Results

2.1 Materials

Portland cement (Type I) and Zeolite were purchased from SSangyong, Zeobuilder. All other chemicals used are of analytical or research grade. Table 1 shows the Radioactivity level of the LLLW from RWTF.

Table 1. Radioactivity level of LLLW

Radionuclide Radioactivity (Bq/mL) 60 Co 20.3 134 Cs 26.6 137Cs 2,460

2.2 Fabrication of RWTF Cement Waste Form

The RWTF cement waste form were fabricated in accordance with the Korean Industrial Standard (KS-L-5109) [1]. The mechanical mixer (Jl-206) was

purchased from Jeil Precision [2]. The RWTF cement waste forms were made at W/C 0.6 considering the result of the free standing water test (Fig 1a).

We added zeolite to improve the radioactive nuclide leaching resistance of RWTF cement waste form(S/C S; zeolite, C; cement) from 0 and 10wt.% (Fig. 1b-c). RWTF cement was solidified while curing at room temperature with relative humidity of 40 to 60% for 28 days [3].

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram showing a RWTF cement waste form including LLLW, (b) RWTF cement waste form (control) (c) RWTF cement waste form zeolite with

10%.

2.3 Acceptance Criteria of Final Disposal Facility 2.3.1 Thermal Cycling Test. The thermal cycling

test is performed to confirm heat resistance of the cement waste form. RWTF cement waste form is tested by changing from -40 to 60 degree for one day (1 cycle) and the procedure were repeated 30 times (30 cycle). Fig. 2 shows real images of RWTF cement waste form after thermal cycling test. RWTF cement waste form did not show crumbling and cracking during thermal cycling test.

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221100

2019 ⦽ǎႊᔍᖒ⠱ʑྜྷ⦺⫭⇹ĥ⦺ᚁݡ⫭םྙ᫵᧞Ḳ Fig. 2. Real images of RWTF cement waste form after thermal cycling test. (a) control, (b) RWTF cement waste

form zeolite with 10%.

2.3.2 Immersion Test of RWTF Cement Waste Form. In order to evaluate the durability of the

RWTF cement waste form containing zeolite, the immersion test for 90 days was performed (Fig. 3). RWTF cement waste form did not show any cracking.

Fig. 3. Images of RWTF cement waste form after immersion test. (a) control, (b) RWTF cement waste form

zeolite with 10%.

We measured pH and electronic conductivity(Eh) of RWTF cement waste form during the leaching test (Fig.4). pH and Eh show a continuous increase with leaching time. After 47 days, pH and Eh of leachate were not changed. It was showed that the pH and Eh decreased with zeolite content of RWTF cement waste form. It is likely that zeolite adsorbed such as component of cement metal ions and Cs, Co in the leachate.

Fig. 4. pH and electronic conductivity with a leaching time of RWTF cement waste form (a) pH, (b) Eh.

3. Conclusions

In this study, we made RWTF cement waste form with low-level liquid waste. RWTF cement waste form was made at W/C 0.6 considering the result from a free standing water test. In addition, we used zeolite to improve the radioactive nuclide leaching resistance of KJRR cement waste form. We demonstrated that RWTF cement waste form had water and heat resistance based on immersion and thermal cycling test.

REFERENCES

[1] -66KRQHWDO³7UHDWPHQWDQG'LVSRVDELOLW\RI Intermediate Level Liquid Radwastes generated E\)LVVRQ0RO\3URGXFWLRQ´3URFRIWKHKorean Radioactive Waste Society, 15 (2017)

[2] W.H. Jang, et al., "A Study on Operating Range of Cement Solidification for Final Disposal of 5DGLRDFWLYH 6RLO´ -RXUQDO RI .RUHD 6RFLHW\ RI Waste Management, 34 (2017)

>@ *< .LP HW DO ³&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ of cement solidification for enhancement of cesium OHDFKLQJ UHVLVWDQFH´ -RXUQDO RI 1XFOHDU )XHO Cycle and Waste Technology, 16(2), 189-193 (2018)

수치

Table 1. Radioactivity level of LLLW
Fig. 4. pH and electronic conductivity with a leaching time  of RWTF cement waste form (a) pH, (b) Eh

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