통계로 본 한국농업의 국제비교 연구

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(1)기타연구보고 M82 | 2007. 3.. 통계로 본 한국농업의 국제비교 연구. 김 태 훈 윤 태 연 최 윤 영. 부연구위원 위촉연구원 위촉연구원.

(2) 연구 담당 김태훈 윤태연 최윤영. 부연구위원 위촉연구원 위촉연구원. 연구 총괄, 농업 거시지표 생산지표, 수출입지표 소비 및 가격지표.

(3) i. 머 리 말. 농산물 시장의 개방화가 진전됨에 따라 세계 각국의 농업 여건은 더욱 상호 밀접하게 연관되어 가고 있다. 더불어 최근 FTA 체결이 확대되면서 상대국의 농업․농촌에 대한 통계정보에 대한 수요가 증대되고 있다. 이러한 수요에 부 합하고자 농림부에서는 매년 ｢통계로 보는 세계 속에 한국농업｣을 발간하여 왔다. 하지만 해당 통계집은 생산 관련 통계 위주로 구성되어 있어 갈수록 다양 해져 가는 해외농업 관련 통계 수요를 따라가기 어려운 실정이다. 이 연구는 생산 관련 통계는 물론 농업 GDP, 보조금 등 거시지표, 수출입액, 교역 대상국 등을 수록한 수출입지표, 그리고 식품공급량, 농산물 가격 등을 포 괄한 소비 및 가격지표 등으로 해외농업 관련 통계지표를 다양하게 확대하고 체계화 하였다. 또한 주요 지표들 위주로 과거 10년간의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 농업의 구조 변화를 비교하였다. 더욱 이용도 높은 통계자료 발간을 위해 농림부 각 실국의 통계 수요를 조사하였으며, 자료 수집과정에서 파악한 해외농업 통계자료 출처 를 정리함으로써 사용자로 하여금 보다 쉽게 자료에 접근할 수 있도록 하였다. 비록 국가별로 농산물의 특성들이 차이가 있기 때문에 동질의 농산물로 가 정한 직접적인 비교가 큰 의미를 갖지 못하는 경우도 있으나 해외 각 기관에서 발표하는 자료를 기초로 하였기 때문에 일관성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이 보고서가 전반적인 국별 비교를 통해 한국 농업을 이해하고 위상을 살펴 볼 수 있는 자료로 널리 활용되기를 바란다. 2007. 3. 한국농촌경제연구원장 최 정 섭.

(4) iii. 요. 약. 이 연구는 매년 농림부에서 발간해 오던 ｢통계로 본 세계 속의 한국농업｣을 개편하여 해외 농업․농촌 통계를 종합적이고 체계적으로 정리하였다. 기존의 발간물은 주로 농업 생산과 관련된 지표들 위주로 제한되고, 단순한 수치를 나 열하는 등 수요자의 요구에 부합하기 어려운 한계가 있었다. 인터넷과 통계집 검색을 통해 수집한 해외 농업통계를 체계적으로 정리하기 위하여 크게 농업 거시지표, 생산지표, 수출입지표, 그리고 소비 및 가격지표등 네 부문으로 구분하여 수록하였다. 각 지표군에는 국제 농업을 비교할 수 있는 세부 지표들로 구성되어 있다. 농업 거시지표는 농업 GDP, 농업부문 보조금 등 총량 부문과 농가인구, 경 지면적, 농업자본액 등 생산요소 부문 자료를 포괄하여 정리하였다. 또한 최근 수요가 늘고 있는 유기농업과 농업용수 등에 대한 자료도 거시지표 내에 포함 시켰다. 생산지표는 주요 작목별 생산량과, 재배면적, 단수를, 그리고 축산부문 에서는 사육 및 도축두수, 육류 생산량, 그리고 도축 중량 등으로 구성하였다. 수출입지표는 기본적으로 주요 품목들의 수출입액과, 수출입량, 수출입 단가를 수록하였다. 특히 농수산물유통공사의 자료를 사용하여 해당 품목에 대한 국내 교역 대상국들의 자료를 함께 수록하여 한 눈에 해당 품목에 대한 세계 교역량 과 국내 교역량 자료를 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 소비 및 가격지표에서는 주요 품목별 총 식품공급량 자료와 함께 1인당 1일 식품공급량 자료를 지표로서 활 용하였으며, 생산자 가격과 소비자 가격을 포함하였다. 제1장에서는 연구의 필요성과 목적, 방법과 범위 등을 명시하였으며, 제2장 에서는 농업관련지표들의 구분과 정의에 대해 간단하게 설명하였다. 제3장에 서는 수요자들이 보다 쉽게 한국 농업의 위치를 확인하고 농업의 구조변화를 확인할 수 있도록 주요 지표들에 대한 시계열 자료를 시각화 하였다. 제4장에 서는 2장의 농업통계지표 구분에 따라 세부 지표들에 대한 국제 비교표를 제시 하였다. 마지막으로 제5장에서는 시계열 자료나 다른 농업관련 지표들의 통계 가 필요한 이용자들을 위해 본 연구 진행과정에서 검색한 해외농업통계 데이 터베이스를 정리하였다..

(5) v. 차. 례. 제1장 서론 1. 연구 필요성과 목적 ····················································································· 1 2. 연구 방법과 범위 ························································································· 2 3. 선행 연구 ······································································································ 4 제2장 세계 각국 농업 비교를 위한 지표 1. 농업 관련 지표의 구분 ················································································ 6 2. 주요 지표의 정의 및 설명 ·········································································· 8 제3장 주요 지표로 본 한국 농업의 위상 1. 농업 거시 지표 ··························································································· 13 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪. 농림어업 GDP ················································································································ 13 농업 보조금 ···················································································································· 14 PSE & TSE ···················································································································· 15 농가인구 ························································································································· 16 경지면적 ························································································································· 17 1인당 경지면적 ·············································································································· 18 농업용수 사용량 ············································································································ 19 유기농업 면적 ················································································································ 20. 2. 생산 지표 ···································································································· 21 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪. 쌀 생산량 ························································································································ 21 고추 생산량 ···················································································································· 22 마늘 생산량 ···················································································································· 23 파 생산량 ························································································································ 24 양파 생산량 ···················································································································· 25 사과 생산량 ···················································································································· 26 배 생산량 ························································································································ 27 포도 생산량 ···················································································································· 28.

(6) vi ▪ 쇠고기 생산량 ················································································································ 29 ▪ 돼지고기 생산량 ············································································································ 30 ▪ 닭고기 생산량 ················································································································ 31. 3. 수출입 지표 ································································································· 32 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪. 총 농축산물 수출액 ······································································································· 32 총 농축산물 수입액 ······································································································· 33 농축산물 무역수지 ········································································································· 34 고추 수출액 ···················································································································· 35 배 수출액 ························································································································ 36 돼지고기 수출액 ············································································································ 37 밀 수입액 ························································································································ 38 대두 수입액 ···················································································································· 39 옥수수 수입액 ················································································································ 40 고추 수입액 ···················································································································· 41 마늘 수입액 ···················································································································· 42 양파 수입액 ···················································································································· 43 참깨 수입액 ···················································································································· 44 포도 수입액 ···················································································································· 45 오렌지 수입액 ················································································································ 46 쇠고기 수입액 ················································································································ 47 돼지고기 수입액 ············································································································ 48 닭고기 수입액 ················································································································ 49. 4. 소비 지표 ···································································································· 50 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪. 쌀 식품공급량 ················································································································ 50 배추(양배추 포함) 식품공급량 ······················································································· 51 마늘 식품공급량 ············································································································ 52 파(양파 포함) 식품공급량 ······························································································ 53 사과 식품공급량 ············································································································ 54 배 식품공급량 ················································································································ 55 쇠고기 식품공급량 ········································································································· 56 돼지고기 식품공급량 ····································································································· 57 닭고기 식품공급량 ········································································································· 58.

(7) vii 제4장 세부 지표로 본 세계 속의 한국 농업 1. 농업 거시 지표 ··························································································· 60 1-1. GDP ·················································································································· 60 ▪ 농림어업 GDP, 총 GDP 대비 비율 ············································································ 60 ▪ 주요국 농림어업 GDP 변화 ························································································· 61. 1-2. 보조금 ··············································································································· 62 ▪ 총 농업생산액, 농업보조금, 고정직불금 ····································································· 62 ▪ PSE & TSE ···················································································································· 63. 1-3. 인 구 ················································································································ 64 ▪ 총인구, 농촌인구, 농가인구 ························································································· 64 ▪ 주요국 농촌인구 및 농가인구 변화 ············································································ 65. 1-4. 면 적 ················································································································ 66 ▪ 국토면적, 경지면적, 1인당 경지면적 ·········································································· 66 ▪ 주요국 경지면적 및 1인당 경지면적 변화 ································································· 67. 1-5. 농업자본 ··········································································································· 68 ▪ 농업자본액, 자본액 구성 ······························································································ 68. 1-6. 농업임금 ··········································································································· 69 ▪ 농업 노동자 임금 ·········································································································· 69. 1-7. 농업용수 ··········································································································· 70 ▪ 농업용수 사용량, ha당 농업용수 사용량 ···································································· 70. 1-8. 농자재 ··············································································································· 71 ▪ 비료 사용량, 트랙터 보유대수 ····················································································· 71. 1-9. 유기농업 ··········································································································· 72 ▪ 유기농업 면적, 유기농업 농가수 ················································································· 72. 2. 생산 지표 ···································································································· 73 2-1. 생산 총량 ········································································································· 73 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪. 곡물류 ····························································································································· 73 채소류 ····························································································································· 74 과일류 ····························································································································· 75 육류 ································································································································· 76.