A Study of video encryption architecture for privacy protection

Ṳ

Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒

㥚

㥚䞲

㡗

㡗㌗

㞪

㞪䢎䢪

㞚

㞚䋺䎣㻮

㻮

㡆

㡆ῂ

G

A Study of video encryption architecture for privacy

protection

Jeongseok Kim* **, Jaeho Lee*

*Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul **Security Labs, AIX Center, SK Telecom

殚 殚 檃檃 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦖 ὧ⻪㥚䞲 㡗㡃㠦㍲ 㓓Ợ ㍺䂮♮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, Ṧ㔲 㰖㡃㦚 ⏏䢪䞲 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊ ⓪ ╖Ợ 㧎䎆⎍㦚 䐋䞲 䋊⧒㤆✲ ㌗㦮 㩖㧻㏢㠦㍲ ὖⰂ䞮⓪ 㭧㞯 ὖⰂ ⹿㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂ ⋮ 㧊⩂䞲 㔲㓺䎲㦮 㭒㣪䞲 ⶎ㩲㩦㦖 㩖㧻 㡗㌗㦮 㩚㏷ ὒ㩫ὒ 㩖㧻 ╖䟊㍲ ṳὖ㩗㦒⪲ 㔶⬆䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⹿⻫㧊 㩲Ὃ♮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒ 㥚䞲 㧻䂮 㥶ⶊ㢖 ⼚Ṳ⪲ ⳾✶ ῢ䞲㦚 ㍲゚㓺 㩲Ὃ㧦㠦Ợ 㥚㧚䞲 ㌗䌲㠦㍲ 㤊㡗䞮ἶ 㧞┺⓪ 㩦㧊┺. ⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ ὋṲ䋺 ₆⹮ 㞪䢎䢪㢖 な⪳㼊㧎 ₆⹮㦮 䋺 ὖⰂ 㔲㓺䎲㦚 㫆䞿䞲 㞚䋺䎣㻮⯒ 㧊 㣿䞮㡂 ⹒Ṧ䞲 㩫⽊⯒ ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 㞞㩚䞮Ợ ⽊䢎䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⹿㞞㦚 㩲㔲䞲┺. 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 㞚䋺䎣㻮㠦㍲ ⓪ ╖䃃䋺⯒ ㌂㣿䞲 な⪳ 㞪䢎䢪(block-cipher) ὒ㩫㦚 䐋䟊 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ 㞪䢎䢪䞮ἶ, 㧊➢ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ╖䃃䋺⯒ ㌂㣿㧦㦮 ὋṲ䋺⪲ 㞪䢎䢪䞮㡂 な⪳㼊㧎㦮 ⩞㩖(ledger)⪲ ₆⪳䞮⓪ ₆⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ 㞪䢎䢪䞮⓪ ὒ㩫㦚 な⪳㼊㧎 ⍺䔎㤢䋂㦮 䔏㎇(⿚㌆, 䒂ⳛ㎇, ◆㧊䎆 ⼖㫆 ⿞Ṗ)㦚 䢲㣿䞮㡂 Ṳ㧎㩫⽊ 㡗㌗㦮 ㌳㎇⿖䎆 ㏢Ⳏ₢㰖 ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 㿪㩗㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮☚⪳ 䞲┺. 1. 昢昢嵦 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦖 㰖㩫䞲 㧻㏢⯒ ㌗㔲 ⏏䢪䞮ἶ 㧞ἶ ⿞䔏㩫 ┺㑮㦮 㩫⽊⯒ 㑮㰧䞮⓪ 䔏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦚 䐋䟊 ⏏䢪♲ 㡗㌗㦖 Ṳ㧎㩫⽊ 䢏㦖 㧻㏢㠦 ╖䞲 ⹒Ṧ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩖㧻䞮ἶ, 㔲㓺䎲 ㌂ 㣿㧦⋮ ㍲゚㓺 㩲Ὃ㧦 ㌂㧊㦮 Ṳ㧎㩫⽊ 㡺⋾㣿 ⹿㰖 ⯒ 㥚䞲 ṳὖ㩗㧎 ὖⰂ 㔲㓺䎲 ⡦⓪ ㍲゚㓺⓪ ⿖㨂㧎 ㌗䌲㧊┺. 䡚㫊䞮⓪ 䋊⧒㤆✲ ₆⹮ ゚❪㡺 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 ㍲゚㓺✺㦖 Ὃ䐋㩗㦒⪲ 㡗㌗㦚 䃊Ⲫ⧒㠦㍲ 䀾✳䞲 ⛺, 㧎䎆⎍ ῂṚ㦚 䐋䟊 㡗㌗ 㓺䔎Ⱂ㦚 㩚㏷䞮㡂 㩖㧻䞮 ⓪ ⹿㔳㦚 䀾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ➢ 㩚㏷䞮⓪ ῂṚ㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲⓪ SSL 㦚 㩗㣿䞮㡂 㞞㩚䞮Ợ ⽊䢎䞮⩺ 䞮㰖Ⱒ, ㍲ ゚㓺 ⌊⿖㠦 㩖㧻♲ 㡗㌗㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⹿䢪⼓ ❇㦚 㧊 㣿䞲 㩧⁒ 㹾┾ 㣎㠦⓪ ◆㧊䎆 㧊☯, ⽋㌂⯒ 䐋䞲 㥶 㿲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ἶ⩺䞮ἶ 㧞㰖 ⴑ䞮⓪ 㔺㩫㧊┺. ⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 㞚䋺䎣㻮⓪ 㡗㌗㦚 㩖㧻䞶 ➢ 㡗㌗ 㞪䢎䢪 ⹿⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂, 㭒㠊㰚 䋺⯒ 㞢ἶ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦Ⱒ 䟊╏ 㡗㌗㦚 㨂㌳䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⽎ 㡆ῂ㦮 ⳿㩗㦖 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩚㏷䞮Ệ⋮ 㩖 㧻䞮⓪ 㑲Ṛ⿖䎆 㧊☯, ⽋㌂, ⁎Ⰲἶ ㌃㩲䞶 ➢₢㰖 㧒⩾㦮 ὒ㩫㦚 㿪㩗䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㧻䂮⯒ Ⱎ⩾䞮㡂 㩚㼊 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲ ㌂㣿㧦 㔶⬆☚⯒ 䟻㌗㔲䋺⓪◆ 㧞┺. 2. 分崮 櫶割 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦖 ⽎㰞㩗㦒⪲ 㤊㡗♮⓪ 㔲Ṛ ☯ 㞞 ⊠㧚㠜㧊 㧦☯㩗㦒⪲ 䔏㩫 ῂ㡃㦚 㔺㔲Ṛ㦒⪲ ⳾ ┞䎆Ⱇ䞮Ệ⋮ ⹲㌳䞲 㧊⻺䔎⯒ ㌂Ị 㧊䤚 䢫㧎䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⏏䢪䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ₆⹮㦒⪲ ῂ䡚 ♮㠊㧞┺. 㩖㧻 ♲ 㡗㌗ 䕢㧒㦖 䃊Ⲫ⧒Ṗ ㍺䂮♲ 㧻㏢㦮 㩫⽊㢖 䟊╏ 㥚䂮㠦 ⹿ⶎ䞲 㧎ⶒ✺㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⯒ ╊ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ἓ㤆㠦 ➆⧒㍲⓪ Ṳ㧎 㩫⽊ 䢏㦖 ㍺䂮♲ ὋṚ㦮 ⹒Ṧ 㩫⽊⯒ ⌊䙂䞮Ợ ♲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㧊㥶⪲ 㩖㧻♲ 㡗㌗ 䕢㧒㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒ 䐋㩲⓪ ╖Ợ 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲ ῢ䞲㦚 ⿖ 㡂 ⹱㦖 䔏㩫 ㌂㣿㧦⪲ 䞲㩫♮☚⪳ ㍺Ἒ♮㠊 㧞┺. Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒ 㥚䞲 ╖䚲㩗㧎 㞚䋺䎣㻮⪲⓪ G. Zyskind et al.[1]㧊 な⪳㼊㧎 㞚䋺䎣㻮⯒ ₆⹮㦒⪲ 䞮⓪ Ṳ㧎 ◆㧊䎆 ⽊䢎 ⹿㞞㦚 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㡗㌗ὒ 㦢 ㎇ ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⽊䢎䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⹿⻫㦒⪲⓪ MPEG-CENC 䚲㭖[2]㦒⪲ 㩲㔲♮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ┾㧒 䢏㦖 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮

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AES Key ⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 Ⲗ䕆⹎❪㠊 ◆㧊䎆⯒ 㞪䢎䢪䞮 ⓪ ⹿⻫㦒⪲ 䐋㣿♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 Ⲗ䕆⹎❪㠊 ◆㧊 䎆 㞪䢎 ₆⻫㦖 ◆㧊䎆 㧦㼊㦮 ⽊䢎⽊┺⓪ Widewine, PlayReady ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 ❪㰖䎎 㩖㧧ῢ ὖⰂ(Digital Right Management)㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ ⹲㩚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. Vishwa et al.[3]㦖 な⪳㼊㧎 ₆⹮㦮 DRM 㦚 㡆ῂ䞮㡂 㩖㧧ῢ㦚 ⽊䢎䞮⓪ ⹿⻫㦚 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺.

⿚㌆ 䢮ἓ㠦㍲ 䄾䎦䁶⯒ 㞪䢎䢪䞮ἶ ㌂㣿㧦㦮 䋺⯒

ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ⹿⻫㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ な⪳㼊㧎 ₆⹮㦮

PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)[4]⯒ ㌂㣿㧦-㍲゚㓺 Ṛ㦮 㔶㤦䢫㧎 ⹥ ◆㧊䎆 ⽊䢎㠦 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ⹿㞞㧊 㩲㔲♮ ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 ⹒Ṧ䞲 ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⽊䢎䞮⓪ ⹿⻫㠦 ╖ 䞲 㡆ῂ⓪ EMR(Electronic Medical Records)㻮⩒ 㩫⽊㦮 ㏢㥶㧦Ṗ 㞚┢ 㩲 3 㧦Ṗ ◆㧊䎆⯒ 㑮㰧䞮ἶ 㻮Ⰲ䞶 ➢ ⹲㌳䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩫⽊ ⽊䢎 㧊㓞[5]⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮ἶ㧦 ㌞⪲㤊 㞚䋺䎣㻮⯒ 㑮Ⱃ䞮₆☚ 䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 㔺㰞㩗㧎 ◆㧊䎆⯒ ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ㌗䢿㠦 㧞㠊㍲, な⪳㼊㧎 ₆⹮㦮 㩧⁒ ⹿⻫㦖 㥚⼖㫆Ṗ ⿞Ṗ⓻䞮ἶ Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎㠦 ㌂㣿㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺⓪ ộ㦚 㧊㟒₆䞮㰖 Ⱒ, 㔲㓺䎲㦚 ㍺Ἒ䞶 ➢ ⽊䢎䞮⩺⓪ ◆㧊䎆㦮 䋂₆⽊ ┺⓪ ₆⪳䞮⓪ ◆㧊䎆㦮 㑮㠦 ➆⧒ 㩚㼊 㔲㓺䎲㦮 ㎇ ⓻㧊 㫢㤆♲┺⓪ 㡆ῂ ἆὒ[6]⯒ ἶ⩺䞮㡂 㡗㌗ 㞪䢎 䢪 㞚䋺䎣㻮⯒ 㩲㞞䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. 3. 欇欇旇 枪瞾廂 洗匂 洢檺 ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⽊䢎 ⹿⻫㦖 ◆㧊䎆㠦 䠞Ṗ♲ ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 㩧⁒䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㠊䞮⓪ ộὒ 㥚⼖㫆⯒ ⹿㰖䞮⓪ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲ 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⽎ 㩲㞞 㞚䋺 䎣㻮㠦㍲⓪ 㡗㌗㦚 䣣✳䞮⓪ 䃊Ⲫ⧒Ṗ ㍺䂮♲ 㧻㏢㢖 䣣✳䞲 㡗㌗㦚 ㍲゚㓺 㩲Ὃ㧦Ṗ ῂ㎇䞲 䋊⧒㤆✲ ₆ ⹮㦮 㩖㧻㏢⪲ 㧦☯㩗㦒⪲ 㩚㏷♮⓪ 䔏㎇㦚 ἶ⩺䞮㡂 EMR 㦮 ἓ㤆㢖 ゚㔍䞮Ợ 㩲 3 㧦㠦 㦮䞮㡂 ㌳㎇♲ ◆ 㧊䎆⯒ ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ⹿㞞㦚 㩲㔲䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ⡦䞲 ⍺䔎㤢䋂 ┾㩞 ㌗䢿㠦㍲☚ 㡗㌗ 㥶㔺㦚 Ⱏἶ 㧦 䃊Ⲫ⧒ ⌊⿖㠦 㧒㩫 㔲Ṛ ☯㞞 㩖㧻䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㠦☚ 䟊╏ ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⽊䢎䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ㍲゚㓺 㩚⹮㠦 Ỏ㼦 㡗㌗ 㞪䢎䢪 ⹿⻫㦚 㩗㣿䞮☚⪳ ㍺Ἒ䞮㡖┺. 4. Compound Identity 汞 懻沧昷 ゚╖䃃 㞪䢎䢪⓪ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 ὖ⩾㧦Ṛ㦮 ὋṲ䋺㢖 Ṳ㧎䋺⯒ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㞪䢎䢪 ◆㧊䎆 㩚㏷㧊㩚 㠦 ὋṲ䋺㦮 ᾦ䢮㦖 䞚㑮㩗㧎 㩞㹾㧊┺. ⁎⩝₆ ➢ⶎ 㠦 ㍲⪲Ṛ㦮 ὋṲ䋺⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 ㍲⪲⯒ 㔳⼚䞮⓪

Compound Identity ⯒ ῂ㎇䞮Ợ ♲┺. Compound 㰧䞿㦖

ὋṲ䋺(pk)㢖 Ṳ㧎䋺(sk)㦮 2-tuple 䢏㦖 㢚㩚䞲 㔳⼚◆ 㧊䎆⯒ 㣪ῂ䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 5-tuple(ὋṲ䋺, Ṳ㧎䋺, ㌗╖⹿ ὋṲ䋺㢖 Ṳ㧎䋺, Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ╖䃃䋺)⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺. ⁎⩂ ⋮ 㧊⩂䞲 㰧䞿㦖 ┾㑲䧞 㟧⹿䟻 ◆㧊䎆 ᾦ䢮㦚 㥚䟊 ㍲⓪ ṫ⩻䞲 㞪䢎䢪 Ⲫ䄺┞㯮㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ₆⹮㧊 ♮ 㰖Ⱒ, ㌂㣿㧦㢖 ┺㑮㦮 ㍲゚㓺Ṛ㦮 ἓ㤆⪲ 䢮㌆䞲┺

Ⳋ, Compound Identity 㧦㼊㦮 ⽋㧷☚⓪ O(n!)㦒⪲ 㑮⪊ 䞮Ợ ♲┺.

Equation 1 Complexity of Compound Identity 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦖 ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 㰗㩧 䄾䎦䁶⯒ ㌳㎇ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㞚┞⧒, 䃊Ⲫ⧒㢖 㔲㓺䎲㧊 㧦☯㩗㦒⪲ ㌳ ㎇䞮⓪ ῂ㫆㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦, ㍲゚㓺 䢏㦖 ㌂㣿㧦-䃊Ⲫ⧒Ṛ㦮 Compound Identity ⯒ ῂ㎇䞲┺ἶ 䞮Ⳋ, 㧊 ⩂䞲 ⽋㧷☚㦮 㯳Ṗ⓪ 㔲㓺䎲㦮 ῂ㎇㦚 㩖䟊䞮⓪ 㣪 ㏢Ṗ ♲┺. 5. 洢橎 橊疪癓燖 Compound Identity 㦮 ⽋㧷☚⓪ ὋṲ䋺⯒ Ὃ㥶⯒ 䞚 㣪⪲䞮⓪ 㟧⹿䟻㦮 ◆㧊䎆 ⽊䢎 㺚⍦㦚 ῂ㎇䞮₆ ➢ ⶎ㠦 ⹲㌳䞮Ợ ♲┺. 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲⓪ 䃊Ⲫ⧒ 㢖 ㌂㣿㧦Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ㌗ ㌂㣿㧦Ⱒ㧊 䃊Ⲫ⧒㦮 㡗㌗㦚 䢫㧎䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲㩫䞮㡂 Compound Identity 㦮 ⽋㧷 ☚⯒ 䣣₆㩗㦒⪲ ⌄㿪☚⪳ 䞮㡖┺. Taccess Surveillance cameras User Asset Identity Compound Identity Service Tdata(wo) Tdata Blockchain

Figure 1 Overview of privacy protection architecture for surveillance system

1) Asset Identity: Algorithm 1 㠦㍲⓪ ㌂㣿㧦-䃊Ⲫ⧒ 䢏㦖

㌂㣿㧦-㞪䢎䢪♲ ゚❪㡺㦮 ὖἚ⯒ ㍺㩫䞮㡂 ㌂㣿㧦㦮 ὋṲ䋺㢖 㡗㌗ 㞪䢎䢪㠦 ㌂㣿䞶 ╖䃃䋺Ⱒ㦚 㫆䞿䞮⓪ Nonce Ṳ⎦㦚 ㏢Ṳ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 䃊Ⲫ⧒ 䢏㦖 ㍲゚㓺Ṗ ㌳㎇䞲 Nonce ⯒ ₆⹮㦒⪲ 㡗 ㌗ 䕢㧒㦚 㞪䢎䢪䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ╖䃃䋺 㩫⽊⓪ ㌂㣿㧦 Ⱒ 㧊 㞢 㑮 㧞Ợ ♲┺. ⁎⩝₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㡗㌗ 䕢㧒㦚 Ὃ Ṳ♲ ὋṚ㦒⪲ 㩚㏷䞮Ệ⋮ ㌂ἶ㠦 㦮䞮㡂 㥶㿲♲┺ἶ

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䞮▪⧒☚ ㌂㣿㧦㦮 Ṳ㧎䋺㠦 ╖䞲 㠊⟶䞲 㩫⽊☚ 㠑 㦚 㑮 㠜Ợ ♮Ⳇ, 㧊⓪ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ ⽋䢎䢪 䞶 㑮 㠜 ┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞲┺.

Equation 2 Asset Identity

Nonce ⓪ ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 㩫⽊㦮 ㏢㥶ῢ㦚 Ṗ㰚 㧻䂮⋮ ㍲ ゚㓺 ❇ ㌂㣿㧦㦮 ὋṲ䋺⯒ 䣣✳䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩲 3 㧦 㠦 㦮䟊㍲ ㌳㎇㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳇ, ㌂㣿㧦⓪ ╖䃃䋺⯒ ὖⰂ 䟊㟒䞮⓪ ⿖╊㠦㍲☚ ☯㔲㠦 ⻭㠊⋶ 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 Nonce ㌳㎇㠦⓪ ┾㰖 ㌂㣿㧦㦮 ὋṲ䋺Ⱒ㦚 㣪ῂ䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ㌂㣿㧦㢖 㞪䢎䢪 㺚⍦㦚 ῂ㎇䟊㟒䞮⓪ 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 䃊Ⲫ⧒ 䢏㦖 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ 㻮Ⰲ䞮⓪ ㍲゚㓺Ṗ 㯳 Ṗ䞾㠦☚ ⁎ ⽋㧷☚⓪ 㡂㩚䧞 O(n)㦒⪲ 㑮⪊䞲┺.

Algorithm 1 Generating Asset Identity

2) Protocol: Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒ 㥚䟊 ㌳㎇䞮⓪ 㧒⩾㦮 㩫 ⽊⓪ な⪳㼊㧎 Ⲫ⳾Ⰲ(L)㠦 㩖㧻䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ₆⽎ 㩚㩲 ⪲ 䞲┺. 㡗㌗ 㓺䔎Ⱂ㦮 ἓ㤆, 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ ╖Ợ ⁎ ㌂㧊㯞Ṗ 䋂₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 L 㠦 㩖㧻䞮⓪ ộ⽊┺⓪ 㧒⹮ 㩗㧎 㩖㧻㏢(ds)㠦 㩖㧻䞮ἶ, 䟊㔲 䞾㑮(H)⯒ 䐋䟊 ⰺ 䞧䞲 㩫⽊⯒ L 㠦㍲ ὖⰂ䞮☚⪳ 䞲┺. Nonce 㠦 ╖䞲 Ὃ㥶 䢏㦖 䠞Ṗ 㩫⽊⯒ L 㠦 ₆⪳䞮㡂, Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ 㩖㧻♲ 㡗㌗㦮 㩧⁒ 㩲㠊㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊㦮 ㌳㎇⿖䎆 ㏢Ⳏ₢㰖 㩚⹮㩗㧎 ⧒㧊䝚 ㌂㧊䋊㠦 ╖䞲 㿪㩗㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮☚⪳ 䞲┺.

3) Data Transaction: Asset Identity 㩞㹾⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 Asset 㦒⪲ ⿚⮮♮⓪ 䃊Ⲫ⧒⓪ Nonce 㩫⽊⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦, 㢖 Asset 㩫⽊(a)⯒ 㞪䢎䢪♲ ⹎❪㠊 䕢㧒( ) ⌊㦮 Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⪲ ₆⪳䞮㡂 㞪䢎䢪♲ ⹎ ❪㠊 䕢㧒 ┾☛㦒⪲ off-chain 㦚 䐋䟊 Ὃ㥶 Ṗ⓻䞲 ㌗ 䌲Ṗ ♲┺. Algorithm 2 ⓪ StoreSecureDataTX ⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 ◆㧊䎆 㩖㧻㏢㢖 な⪳㼊㧎 Ⲫ⳾ⰂṚ㦮 ㌗䢎 㤊㡗㠦 ╖䞲 㩞 㹾⯒ ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㥚㠦㍲ 㠎 䞲╖⪲ 㞪䢎䢪♲ ⹎ ❪㠊㠦 ₆⪳♲ Nonce ⓪ 㞚ⶊ⩆ 㩲㟓㠜㧊 㿪㿲㧊 Ṗ ⓻䞲 Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 㔲㓺䎲㦖 䃊Ⲫ⧒ ⌊⿖ 䢏㦖 䋊⧒㤆✲ ₆⹮㦮 ◆㧊䎆 㩖㧻 ㍲゚㓺⯒ な⪳㼊㧎 ⍺䔎㤢䋂 䢏㦖 㞪/⽋䢎䢪 ὒ 㩫ὒ ⿚Ⰲ䞮㡂 㑮䟟䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮㡂 㔲㓺䎲㦮 䢫㧻 ㎇㦚 ἶ⩺䞮ἶ 㧞┺.

Algorithm 2 Storing secure data

StoreSecureDataTX ⌊㠦㍲ 㑮䟟䞮⓪ ValidateAsset 㦖 䔎⧲㨃㎮ ⌊㠦㍲ ゚㯞┞㓺 ⪲㰗㧊 Ṳ㧛䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⽊ 㫆㩗㧎 㧻䂮⪲ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㧊⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 ㌂㣿㧦, Asset, Nonce 㩫⽊Ṗ 㧒䂮䞮⓪㰖 䢫㧎䞶 ➢ な⪳㼊㧎 ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦 㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒ ㌗䢿㦚 㿪㩗䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㞪䢎䢪♲ ⹎❪㠊㦮 㩖㧻㧊 㢚⬢♲ 㧊䤚 Algorithm 3 㦖 ds 㢖 H ⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 ⯒ 䣣✳䞲 䤚 ⽋䢎䢪⯒ 㑮䟟䞮⓪ ὒ㩫㦚 ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㩲 3 㧦㠦㦮䞲 ⽋䢎䢪 㣪㼃㠦☚, CheckPolicy ⯒ 㩫㦮䞮㡂 ⽎⧮ Asset 㦮 ㏢㥶㭒㧎 ㌂㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㣪㼃㦚 䠞Ṗ䞶㰖 ἆ㩫䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮㡂, 㦮 ⽋䢎䢪 ὒ㩫㦚 な⪳㼊㧎 ⍺䔎㤢 䋂㠦 ₆⪳䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲┺. ⡦䞲 ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 䠞Ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ῢ䞲㦮 㫛⮮⓪ downloadable, readable ❇㦒⪲ ㎎⿚䢪䞮㡂 ㎎⹖䞲 ῢ䞲 㩲㠊Ṗ Ṗ⓻䞮☚⪳ 䞲┺. 㣪㼃㧦Ṗ ⯒ 䣣✳䞲 㧊䤚㠦☚ ValidateAsset 㦚 㑮䟟䞮㡂 ㌂㣿㧦Ṗ 䠞Ṗ䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 䞲䞮㡂 䘟ⶎ㦮 ╖ 䃃䋺⯒ 䣣✳ Ṗ⓻䞮☚⪳ 䞮㡂 ⹎❪㠊 䕢㧒㦮 䣣✳ὒ ⽋䢎䢪 ὒ㩫㦚 ⿚Ⰲ䞮㡂 㿪㩗䞶 㑮 㧞┺.

Algorithm 3 Loading secure data

4) Tracing Transaction: 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊㦮 ㌳㎇ 㧊䤚 㦮 ㏢㥶ῢ 㧊㩚ὒ ㏢Ⳏ㠦 ╖䞲 ὖⰂ⯒ 㥚䞲 䔎⧲㨃㎮㦒 ⪲ ╖㣿⨟㦮 ⹎❪㠊 䕢㧒㦮 ⹮⽋㩗㧎 㞪⽋䢎䢪 ὒ㩫

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㠜㧊 Nonce 㩫⽊⯒ 㿪Ṗ䞮㡂 off-chain ㌗㠦㍲☚ 㩚╂ ὒ㩫㦚 Algorithm 4 ⯒ 䐋䟊 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㩲㔲♲ 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦮 6 ⻞㱎 ⧒㧎㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ䞮❅ ⓪ 㢖 㦮 㩫⽊⯒ ⳾⚦ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ㌂㣿㧦 k 㢖 t ⓪ ⯒ ⽋䢎䢪 䞶 㑮 㧞㦒⋮, 㧊 ὒ㩫㠦㍲ ⯒ ⽋䢎䢪⓪ 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.

Algorithm 4 Transferring secure data

㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲ ⡦┺⯎ 㭒㣪 㧊㓞⓪ ㌳㎇♲ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊⯒ 㡗ῂ䧞 㩲Ệ䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㩲㞞♲ 㔲㓺 䎲㠦㍲☚ 㧚㦮⪲ 㩖㧻䞲 㦮 ⽋㌂⯒ 㩲䞲䞶 㑮 㧞 ⓪ ⹿⻫㦖 㠜㦒⋮, Algorithm 5 ⓪ Nonce 㧦㼊⯒ ⶊ䣾 䢪䞮㡂 ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲⓪ 㦮 ⽋䢎䢪 ⹿⻫㦚 㹾┾䞮⓪ Ṛ㩧㩗㧎 㩞㹾⯒ 䐋䟊 䟊╏ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊㠦 㩧⁒㦚 㡗ῂ 䧞 㩲Ệ䞮⓪ ⹿㞞㦚 㩲㞞䞲┺. ⶒ⪶ Nonce 㫆㹾☚ 㧚㦮㦮 ὋṚ㠦 ⼚☚⪲ ⽊ὖ䞮 ⓪ ἓ㤆 ⶊ䣾䢪♲ ⯒ ⽋䢎䢪 䞮⩺⓪ 㔲☚⓪ Ṗ⓻ 䞮⋮ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ⋲㑮 ㌳㎇₆(Random Number Generator)⯒ 䐋䟊 ㌳㎇♲ Ṩ㦒⪲ Ὃỿ㦮 ╖㌗㧊 ♮⓪ ⳾✶ M 㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ⶊ䣾䢪 㧊㩚㠦 㡞䁷 ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲 Nonce ⯒ ⼚☚㦮 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲ ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ㌂㔺㌗ ⿞Ṗ⓻㠦 Ṗ₳┺.

Algorithm 5 Invalidating secure data 6. 冶冶嵦 ㌂䣢 㞞㩚㦚 㥚䞮㡂 ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞⓪ 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲㦮 㔲㓺䎲 㧦㼊Ṗ Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒ 㥚䟊 ⽊䢎♮ 㠊㟒 䞮⓪ ╖㌗㧊 ♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㔲Ṛ㧊 㰖⋾㠦 ➆⧒ ▪ Ⱔ㦖 ㌂㣿㧦㢖 㔲㓺䎲㧊 ὖ⩾♮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㞛㦮㩗㧎 㩧⁒ὒ⓪ ㌗ὖ㠜㧊 㔺㑮㠦 㦮䟊㍲☚ ⹒Ṧ䞲 㡗㌗㧊 Ὃ㥶♮⓪ ㌗䢿㦖 ⹲㌳䞶 㑮 㧞㦒⋮ 㔲㓺䎲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧 ⁒ 㹾┾ 㣎㠦⓪ ⣲⪍䞲 ⽊䢎㧻䂮⓪ 㠜⓪ ㌗䌲㧊┺. ⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ 㩲㞞䞲 㞚䋺䎣㻮⓪ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊㠦 ⽊┺ 㭧 㩦㦚 ⚦㠊 ㌂㣿㧦㦮 㩲㠊ῢ 㞞㠦㍲ 㡗㌗ 㩫⽊ 㩲Ὃ㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮☚⪳ 䞮㡂 Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⯒ ⽊䢎䞮⓪◆ ⳿㩗㦚 ⚦ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㩲㞞♲ 㞚䋺䎣㻮⓪ 㡗㌗ Ṧ㔲 㔲㓺䎲 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㿪䤚 㡆ῂ⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 ◆㧊䎆㦮 ㌳㎇ὒ ㏢ 㥶Ṗ ⿚Ⰲ♮⓪ 㧒⹮㩗㧎 ἓ㤆㠦☚ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ 㦒⪲ ₆╖♲┺. 焾処怾竒

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