Governing bodies
§ UEFA - www.uefa.com
§ FIFA - www.fifa.com
§ International Rugby Union - www.irb.com
§ International Basketball Federation - www.fiba.com
§ International Tennis Federation - www.itftennis.com
§ World Boxing Federation - www.wbo-int.com
§ International Basketball Federation - www.fiba.com
§ Fédération Internationale de Sociétés d’Aviron - www.worldrowing.com Leagues
§ FA Premier League (UK) - www.premierleague.com
§ The Football League (UK) - www.football-league.co.uk
§ Ligue Professionnelle de Football (FR) - www.footpro.fr
§ Bundesliga (GE) - www.bundesliga.de
§ Lega Calcio (IT) - www.lega-calcio.it
§ Lega Professionisti Serie C - www.lega-calcio-serie-c.it
§ Liga de Fútbol Profesional - www.lfp.es Clubs
§ G-14 website – http://www.g14.com
§ Atalanta Bergamo website - http://www.atalanta.it
§ Bayer Leverkusen website - http://www.bayer04.de
§ FC Internazionale website - www.inter.it
§ FC Nantes Website - www.fcna.fr
§ Juventus FC website - www.juventus.com
§ Paris-Saint-Germain - www.psg.fr
§ Real Madrid Official website - www.realmadrid.com Sport news websites
§ Sportbusiness.com
§ Sportcal.com
§ Sport.fr
On-line newspapers and magazines
§ www.independent.co.uk
§ Ouest France Newspaper - http://www.ouest-france.fr
§ Fortune - www.fortune.com
§ The Economist - www.economist.com
§ Business Week - www.businessweek.com European Union
§ www.europa.eu Independent
§ AC Milan Generation - http://www.mgeneration.it/index2.html
§ Bayer Company - http://www.sport.bayer.com
§ Bolton History - http://www.boltonwanderers-mad.co.uk
§ Early Italian football competitions - http://digilander.libero.it/Ajaxbologna/
Calcio/CalcioItalia1a.html
§ Euro Cups Online - http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html
§ GPWC – www.gpwc.com
§ History of Juventus website - www.juventuz.com
§ FC Inter history website - http://www.geocities.com/tritolos/History.html
§ Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation - http://www.rsssf.com
§ French non-official website of Bayern Munchen - www.fcbayern.st.fr
APPENDICES
APPENDIX a. - List of National Associations member of UEFA (in alphabetical order)
1. Albania 2. Andorra 3. Armenia 4. Austria 5. Azerbaijan 6. Belarus 7. Belgium
8. Bosnia-Herzegovina 9. Bulgaria
10. Croatia 11. Cyprus
12. Czech Republic 13. Denmark 14. England 15. Estonia 16. Faroe Islands 17. Finland 18. France
19. F.Y.R Macedonia 20. Georgia
21. Germany 22. Greece 23. Hungary 24. Iceland 25. Israel 26. Italy 27. Latvia 28. Liechtenstein 29. Lithuania 30. Luxembourg 31. Malta 32. Moldova 33. Netherlands 34. Northern Ireland 35. Norway
36. Poland 37. Portugal
38. Republic of Ireland 39. Romania
40. Russia 41. San Marino 42. Spain 43. Scotland 44. Slovakia 45. Slovenia 46. Spain 47. Sweden 48. Switzerland 49. Turkey 50. Ukraine 51. Wales 52. Yugoslavia
APPENDIX b. - UEFA Solidarity Programmes
The Eastern European Assistance Bureau which is guided by the EEAB Charter aims to assist and support these new associations which emerged from the break-up of the former USSR - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine - as well as Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and from February 1999, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The help is in areas such as administration and management, infras tructure, commercial matters and the popularisation of football, with the objective of integrating them into the UEFA family as quickly as possible, and of promoting and developing football by reinvesting football revenue back into the game, thereby preserving and strengthening football’s position as the number one sport in Eastern Europe. Created in 1994 and incorporated into the Development office in 1997, UEFA plans to expand this to all 52 national associations. Each EEAB signatory pays a 20% levy from their TV and advertising income into a special EEAB fund, from which money is entirely reinvested within the associations in question. The respective sums are then increased by the EEAB by at least 25%, up to a maximum CHF 500,000 per EURO and World Cup qualifying period and reinvested in the association concerned. The EEAB’s daily activities are overseen by the Assistance Programmes Committee, comprising a chairman and ten members. The chart below shows the amounts of the subsidies given by UEFA to the member associations for this programme.
UEFA SUBSIDIES TO EEAB255
Year Amount (CHF)
1998-1999 256 7,093,678.07
1999-2000 257 5,729,348.96
2000-2001 3,775,462.68
2001-2002 258 7,809,520.79
The Meridian Project initiated in 1996 is a joint partnership between UEFA and its sister confederation in Africa, the ‘Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF)’ which has an ambitious plan aiming at further developing the game in Africa from both a technical and administrative point of view. The recent performances by African teams in recent world senior and youth competitions, as well as the flow of talented African players to European clubs over the years, demonstrates the considerable potential that exists on the African continent. In line with its goal of promoting the game, UEFA is engaging in this project to strengthen the world game as a whole. As part of the programme, CAF has been invited to select, every two years, two African associations to benefit from UEFA’s assistance. Chad and Namibia were the first two countries selected, in 1997, and they profited from the experience acquired by UEFA over the years, particularly as a result of the East European project. In Spring 1999, Eritrea and Niger were chosen as the next two "beneficiaries" to receive direct assis tance via the Meridian project, and Cape Verde and São Tomé and Principe are the latest African associations to benefit from a special two-year aid programme259. Among the other activities in this programme is the Meridian Cup, the inaugural version which took place in Portugal. Successive editions have been staged every two years recently in Cape Town, South Africa and Bari, Italy with Egypt hosting the next edition. In the three tournaments held so far, UEFA and CAF have been represented by four Under-17 teams each, and each tournament has represented a wonderful chance for young players to experience different cultures and customs.
255 UEFA Financial Reports 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01 and 2001-02
256 This figure includes both the subsidies to EEAB and the Meridian Project
257 This figure includes both the subsidies to EEAB and the Meridian Project
258 This figure included CHF 1,571,635.83 in auditing expenses
259 UEFA Financial Report 2001-2002. UEFA donated CHF 682,514.33 to the Meridian Project.
Also as a part of the ADD, UEFA runs several projects in their Charity Portfolio including working with the Special Olympics, the world’s largest sports training and competition project for children and adults with mental handicaps. Since 1999, UEFA has been supporting a football development project set up by Special Olympics both in Europe and Asia. Approximately 25,000 Special Olympics athletes in Europe and Eurasia alone are involved in the sport, and UEFA has joined forces with Special Olympics as part of a campaign to give handicapped people at all levels the necessary self-esteem and confidence to play football. Spring 2001 saw the stepping-up of the co-operation between the two organisations, with UEFA giving committed support to a Special Olympics European Football Week in more then 30 countries, involving sports bodies, the business sector and local communities in special competitions, training programmes and public awareness activities. It is hoped that, through the UEFA/Special Olympics tie-up, the number of handicapped people playing football will increase by another 25,000 by 2005.260 UEFA works with the grassroots football programme of the Danish Cross Cultures Project Association (CCPA) called Open Fun Football Schools261. This programme aims to foster tolerance, integration and peaceful coexistence in the Balkans, and the project runs 185 Open Fun Football Schools for 37,000 children between 8 and 14 years of age. UEFA aids these local programmes with young people in connection with a wider role in FARE (Football Against Racism in Europe)262. Lastly, UEFA has begun a partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1997. This partnership is primarily a campaign against anti-personnel mines or landmines. The strategy of the relation has been to adopt a common humanitarian theme through which UEFA provides financial support to ICRC activities. Until now, UEFA has associated itself with humanitarian efforts aimed at helping landmine victims in the Balkans and the Caucasus among other countries. Since 2002, both organisations have a new powerful partnership theme: Children in War, which corresponds to priorities of both institutions. For UEFA, to develop the concepts of fair play, solidarity and team-spirit among youth is essential in order to maintain the spirit of football. For the ICRC, there are basic humanitarian principles which should be respected in order to protect youth and children, who are among the most vulnerable in times of war. Furthermore, the concept of sport has time and again demonstrated its effectiveness to promote rehabilitation, both mental and physical, for people affected by war – such as child-soldiers or children victims of landmines. To date, UEFA has contributed a total of CHF 5.1 million in support of ICRC humanitarian activities since 1997263. Below is a chart of a four year cycle illustrating UEFA’s humanitarian aid activities.
TOTAL SUBSIDIES TO HUMANITARIAN AID OVER FOUR YEAR CYCLE (1998-2002)264
Year Total subsidy265
2001-2002 705,480.35
2000-2001 2,015,651,50
1999-2000 1,989,435.30
1998-1999 746,218.45
UEFA’s last major programme is the Kiosk programme which was approved by the UEFA Executive Committee in December 2000. Assigned an initial one-year budget of €670,000, most recently CHF 677,141.55 in 2001-2002266, it is intended to complement the EEAB Assistance programme, extending the services that it offers to other UEFA member associations. Participating associations may select from the educational programmes and technical, administrative and infrastructure assistance in a target-oriented programme.
260 Check press release on Special Olympics in Dublin
261 UEFA Website. ADD section, Open Fun Football Schools.
262 UEFA Website. ADD section, FARE.
263 UEFA Website. ADD section, ICRC.
264 UEFA Financial Reports 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01 and 2001-02.
265 All amounts in CHF
266 UEFA Financial Report 2001-2002.
APPENDIX c. – European Football Clubs Listed on the Stock Exchange
Source : Sportcal.com
European Soccer Clubs Listed on Stock Exchange – 23/06/03
Club Market
England
Arsenal Holdings OFEX
Aston Villa LSE
Birmingham AIM
Charlton Athletic AIM
Chelsea Village AIM
ENIC Plc AIM
Leeds United Plc LSE
Manchester City OFEX
Manchester United Plc LSE
Millwall Holdings LSE
Newcastle United Plc LSE
Preston North End LSE
Sheffield Utd LSE
Southampton Leisure LSE
Sunderland FC Plc LSE
Tottenham Hotspur Plc LSE
Watford Leisure LSE
Italy
AS Roma Calcio Milan
Juventus Spa Milan
SS Lazio Spa Milan
Germany
Borussia Dortmund Frankfurt
Portugal
Sporting Lisbon Lisbon
FC Porto Lisbon
Netherlands
AFC Ajax Amsterdam
Turkey
Besiktas Istanbul
Galatasaray Sportif Istanbul
Denmark
Aab Aalborg Copenhagen
Brondbyernes Copenhagen
Parken Sport & Ent Copenhagen
AGF Kontrakfodbold Copenhagen
SIF Fodbold Copehagen
Scotland
Celtic LSE
Rangers Football Club OFEX
Aberdeen AIM
Heart of Midlothian LSE