Eight states of the “Bull”
1945-1946
Picasso Museum, Paris
from real to abstract
황소들의 방, 황소의 크기가 5m를 넘는 것도 있다. 라스코 동굴, 도르도뉴, 프랑스.
시기: ca. 15,000 - 10,000 BCE
인간의 몸을 한 표범 두상, 매머드 상아 재질, 28.1 cm 홀렌슈타인-슈타델, 독일 시기: ca. 40,000 - 28,000 BCE
말, 매머드 상아 재질, 5 cm 보겔헤르트 동굴, 독일 시기: ca. 28,000 BCE
서로 껴안은 야생염소로 장식된 투창기 일부, 순록 뿔 재질, 9x7 cm 아리제, 프랑스 시기: ca. 16,000 BCE
두 들소, 점토, 60 cm 투크 동굴, 아리제, 프랑스 시기: ca. 13,000 BCE
브라상푸이의 여인, 상아, 3.6 cm 파프 동굴, 브라상푸이(Grotte du Pape, Brassenpouy), 프랑스 시기: ca. 22,000 BCE
빌렌도르프의 비너스, 석회암, 11.1 cm, 다산을 기원하기 위해서 과장된 형태를 취한다.
시기: ca. 28,000 – 25,000 BCE
Aphrodite of Knidos Praxiteles, ca. 350 BCE
Where is Aphrodite of Kos ?
옷 입은 아프로디테는 사라졌다.
Aphrodite of Knidos, Copy
비너스상
서양미술사에서 비너스와 같은 여인의 누드가 매우 빈번하게 그려지고 조각되어 왔다.
구석기 시대 인물조각 중에서도 압도적으로 여성의 이미지가 많은 것은 매우 흥미로 운 일이다.
빌렌도르프의 비너스 뿐 아니라 풍요의 여신을 주제로 삼은 여성상은 매우 많다.
이는 라스코 벽화에서 보듯 황소의 공격을 받고 쓰러진 왜소한 인간의 모습으로 표현 된 선사시대의 남성상과는 분명하게 다르다.
빌렌도르프의 비너스에는 우리가 아는 비너스 상에 투영된 관능의 시선도, 신성(神性) 도 없다. 그보다는 생산과 다산과 풍요의 기원이 여성의 신체를 왜곡하였던 것이다.
풍요의 여성을 나타내는 불룩한 형태의 여성도상이 유럽의 광범위한 지역에서 오랜 시기에 걸쳐 발견되고 있는 것은 그만큼 인간과 동물의 생산성, 대지의 산출력이 인류 의 삶과 깊은 연관을 지녔다는 반증이라고 하겠다.
흑요석 거울, 카탈 후유크 터키 시기: ca. 6,000 BCE
Task 1.
Neanderthal vs. Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnons
Why Cro Magnon ?
크로마뇽인 발견의 의의
구석기시대 현생인류의 신체특성 확인
자연물 가공하여 도구 제작 예술활동(벽화)
크로마뇽인이 현생인류로 분류되는 이유
추상적인 예술활동과 제례의식
해부학적 유전적 차원을 넘어 우리와 유사성을 보여줌
구석기인들은 기술문명을 제외하고 모든 면에서 우리와 별 차이 없음
현대 문명의 뿌리가 선사시대로 거슬러올라감을 의미
Physical Description, Date & Place
The Cro-Magnons remains were first discovered in France.
Cro-Magnons spread out over Africa, Asia, and Europe by 30,000
years ago.
Tree of Human
오스트랄로피테쿠스: 11개월인 현대인에 해당, 현대인의 1/10 정도의 단어를 구사 네안데르탈인: 10세 이하의 현대인 수준, 상당한 언어능력, 불과 돌칼 사용
크로마뇽인: 20세 정도의 지적능력, 훌륭한 예술(그림, 노래, 춤), 초보적인 과학
Date & Place
35,000 to 10,000 years ago, Journey
Date & Place
35,000 to 10,000 years ago, Journey
Physical Description
Identical to modern man, Brain size 1600 cc, Fire Inventor
Cro-Magnons used fire during the end of the Ice Age, for the weather was still freezing, so fire was one of the survival elements they depended on.
Fire was also used to hunt down animals that they ate, but it also protected them from wild animals by scaring them away.
Fire was the only light they had to use and the only heat to cook their food.
Religion and Ceremonies
When a person died, all members in the tribe participated in the funeral.
The body was put into a shallow grave with tools, weapons, and food needed in the afterlife.
Then the grave was covered with dirt and stones.
The shaman, or religious leader, led the ceremony to honor the dead and request a happy afterlife.
Clothing
Clothing was made out of animal hides. They wore robes, pants, tunics
속옷, and dresses.
The Cro-Magnons also added little beads made from colored rocks or shells into their clothing for decoration. With their clothes, they wore stone, shell, fish bone, and eggshell necklaces.
Tools
Needles to sew more refined clothes. Bow & Arrow, Jewelry
Made out of bone, ivory and stone Wore clothes
Wore jewelry made out of shell and bone
Made needles out of carved bone to sew clothes Used clay to make pots to make food
Made musical instruments out of plants, wood and animal skins
Tools
Needles to sew more refined clothes. Bow & Arrow
Cro-Magnons made flint(단단한 돌)-bladed axes into a tool-like chisel.(끌) These new tools could shape stones.
Awls(송곳) were made to make holes in animal hide. Bone needles were made to sew more refined clothes.
Straight-backed knives made cutting a finer skill.
10,000 years ago they used the bow and arrow.
Tools: Cores
Swiss Army Nife
Tools : Cores
Tools : Cores
Tools
Tools
Needles to sew more refined clothes.
Tools
Bow & Arrow
Tools
Bow & Arrow
Tools
눌러 떼기
Art Cro-Magnons were the first to discover how to paint, sculpt, carve, and use color.
They carved the first animals and chubby females.
The earliest paintings were of hunting scenes.
All the paintings were found in underground caves.
Food
Cro-Magnons hunted large animals, such as woolly rhinoceros, mammoths, saber tooth tigers, and wild horses.
Cro-Magnons gathered wild carrots, beets, onions, turnips, cabbage, celery, fruits, and berries.
The women also gathered shellfish, eggs, and small animals that got trapped in their handmade traps.
Daily Life
Cro-Magnons had daily hunting and gathering parties.
Hunting provided them with bones, tools, and shelter.
Women gathered the seeds and nuts, while men did the hunting.
Sometimes they had ceremonies and dances for special occasions.
They had funerals for important deaths.
Shelter
Cro-Magnons was the first to have permanent homes
Lived in caves because of the ice age
In warmer climates they made huts out of branches
Language
Cro-Magnons were able to produce clear speech to develop a more advanced oral language and means of communication.
This enabled them to share information, work together, pass down knowledge and traditions, organize hunting and gathering trips, and speak more complex thoughts, including planning for the future.
Their ability to use language enabled them to make a more advanced culture.
Extras
Cro-Magnons had social alliances & traded goods
Often painted their bodies
May have created the first calendar Buried and mourned their dead