3D GIS
2. Fire Geographic Information System Configuration
management system and infrastructure, such as the U.S. FEMA. In Korea, the 119 Emergency Rescue System(E-119) have been established since the mid-1990s as a part of the computerization of the fire service which began in Seoul and spread to other regions such as Daegu, Chungnam, Pusan, Cheju and so on.
In the midst of the trauma of typhoon 'Maemi' last September, the Daegu City 119 Emergency Rescue System succeeded in handling 3,800 emergency calls per hour during 4 hours and dispatched fire troops1) in 550 cases, an amazing new record [2]. The Deagu Metropolitan City Fire Department has built this system through the establishment of ISP(Information Strategy Planning) and basis design in 1997, verification of performance by building a pilot system that controlled the disasters of 2 fire stations in 1998, and expanding the system for a unified disaster management of the entire Daegu Metropolitan City on February, 2000.
This paper presents the 119 Fire Geographic Information System(FGIS) which swiftly and accurately manages disaster information and dispatches a fire troop under the mission to save lives and protect property in disasters. Chapter 2 is studies the architecture of this system, Chapter 3, its application, Chapter 4, expectations and improvements, and finally in Chapter 5, the conclusion.
Fire Emergency Rescue Service Based on GIS 149
fire administration, for example in devising measures.
2.1 Emergency Rescue System Architecture
In order to understand the basic architecture of the FGIS, a study on the overall architecture of the 119 Emergency Rescue System, responsible for the entire emergency rescue operation, and its main work phases and functions. The Emergency Rescue System is largely divided into 4 parts, Command & Control Operation, Disaster on-site Action Information Support, Related Offices Information Connection and Administration Information Management <Figure 1>.
Figure 1. Emergency Rescue System Configuration
O v e r a l l s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o n O v e r a l l s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o nO v e r a l l s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o n O v e r a l l s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o n
R e la te d O f f ic e s
F ir e H e a d q u a r te r
F ir e S ta tio n /B r a n c h D is a s te r S ite P B X
C T I S y s te m
M a in S e r v e r B r o a d c a s t in g
S y s t e m S a t e llit e
Im a g e r y S y s t e m
A V L
S y s t e mR a d io C o n t ro l S y s te m
M a n a g e m e n t O f S itu a t io n a n d R e s o u r c e
M D T A V L R a d io
E m e r g e n c y c a ll
N E M A
C o m m a n d & C o n tro l C e n te r
B r o a d c a s t to a c t, P r in t M a p K T - E D S
R e la t e d O f f ic e S y t e m
P D A V o ic e a n d D a t a
B a c k u p S y s t e m
K M A C it y G a s
K E P C O T IC
C o m m a n d & C o n t r o l G IS
S t a t is t i c s R e p o r t R e p o r t C u r re n t S itu a t io n
S t a t i s t i c s R e p o a r t T r a n i n g O n B o a r d F i r e C o n c e r n e d O b j e c t M a n a g i n g E q u i p m e n t s
R e c e iv e C o m m a n d / P r in t d is p a tc h P a p e r M a p E d itin g s y s te m C e l l u l a r
w i r e
○ Command & control operation
This is a system that is operated by the 119 Emergency Control Office and various kinds of information including caller location information are used to swiftly and accurately respond to disasters. The system is composed of the following unique and active functions.
- Emergency 119 Caller location indicator
- Geographic information and Satellite imagery information provision - CTI(Computer Telephony Integration) and disaster registration - Automatic formation of fire troops and dispatch
- Management of disaster(fire, emergency, rescue etc.)
- AVL(Automatic Vehicle location) tracking indicator
- Reporting current situation of Emergency, and weather information of KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration), and traffic information of TIC(Traffic Information Center)
○ Disaster on-site Action Information Support
In the outbreak of a disaster, the disaster prevention organizations in the front line like fire stations and brachs swiftly turn out to the sites. On-site Action Information Support functions to provide support in accurate disaster control and prevention decision making by providing them information on the disaster situation and related offices before they arrive on site. These functions are as follows:
- Transmit Order of response and Dispatch Paper provision
- Disaster on-site information(disaster location and situation) transmission - Disaster location and shortest route indicator
- Provision of Information on fire fighting objects and facilities - PDA Emergency operations information support
○ Related Offices Information Connection
With the many changes and complication of our cities, the information from fire organization are no longer enough to response to disasters. The Emergency Rescue System is built to interact and share real-time information with the disaster prevention organizations in gathering latest information. In addition, a solid framework for the fire prevention system was set by building a synchronous dispatch system with the related offices. Its major functions are as follows:
- Real-time utilization of weather information from the KMA
- Linkage with the City Gas pipe lines and situation information of Gas accident - Dispatch in connection with the Daegu City Environmental department, KEPCO(Korea
Electronic Power Corporation), KGS(Korea Gas Safety Corporation)
- Connection with the TBN(Traffic Broadcasting Network)'s road situation information - Display of TIC's traffic supervisory camera
○ Administration Information Management
In order for integrated management and administration of diverse information which are used as major data by prevention administrations including information management on facilities such as subjects of rescue and fire fighting water, disaster information and fire operation information. The administration system is as follows:
- Fire fighting Objects's information management
- Information management of Fire engine and equipment
- Information management on people who must be wirelessly paged - Fire statistics & analysis information management
Fire Emergency Rescue Service Based on GIS 151
- Information management of civil appeals administration - Training on Board with Objects's information
2.2 Geographic Information System Architecture
The Daegu Fire Geographic Information System is composed of two-dimensional and three-dimensional geographic information in order to maximize its use in disaster management and has three parts, Emergency control geographic information, satellite imagery information and map editing <Figure 2>.
Figure 2. Fire Geographic Information System Configuration
C o m m a n d & C o n t r o l G I S C o m m a n d & C o n t r o l G I S
R e s e a r c h g e o g r a p h i c s t a t e Z E U S
F G I S c o n f i g u r a t i o n F G I S c o n f i g u r a t i o n
G e o g r a p h i c I n f o r m a t i o n M a n a g e m e n t G e o g r a p h i c I n f o r m a t i o n M a n a g e m e n t
M a p E d i t i n g O r a c l e
A t t r i b u t e
S p a t i a l
S p a t i a l Z E U S / S A
[ D i s p a t c h G I S ]
D i s a s t e r l o c a t i o n c o n f i r m P r i n t i n g d i s p a t c h P a p e r
S y n c h r o n i z a t i o n / d u p l i c a t i o n
< F i r e b r a n c h s t a t i o n >
< 2 D F o r m a t >
M a p C o n t r o l M a p C o n t r o l D i s a s t e r m a n a g e m e n t D i s a s t e r m a n a g e m e n t S p a t i a l A n a l y s i s S p a t i a l A n a l y s i s S p a t i a l S e a r c h i n g S p a t i a l S e a r c h i n g D i s a s t e r I n f o
O b j e c t I n f o R e l a t e d O f f i c e I n f o
T o p o g r a p h i c M a p U n d e r g r o u n d f a c i l i t i e s C a d a s t r a l M a p F i r e t h e m a t i c M a p
3 D D i s p l a y 3 D D i s p l a y
3 D b u i l d i n g 3 D b u i l d i n g
A V L A V L
< M D T S y s t e m >
D i s a s t e r l o c a t i o n &
S h o r t e s t r o u t e i n d i c a t i o n F i r e e n g i n e p o s i t i o n t r a c k i n g S p a t i a l s e a r c h
< A V L S y s t e m >
V e h i c l e l o c a t i o n &
s t a t e t r a n s m i s s i o n
D i s a s t e r S i t e D i s a s t e r S i t e
M a n u a l e d i t i n g
M o b i l e e d i t i n g S a t e l l i t e I m a g e r y
D E M
< 3 D F o r m a t >
H a n d l i n g o f M t . a c c i d e n t s
S a t e l l i t e i m a g e r y o v e r l a p
○ Command & Control geographic information management
By using topography and facilities information based on basic data such as the digital map and satellite imagery photographs, the geographic information system supports the management and decision making of fire dispatchers during the entire process beginning from the initial stage of a disaster such as finding the location of the reporter and deciding on the area of disaster to the termination stage.
○ Satellite imagery information management
In order to complement the limits of digital maps and provide a more complete geographic information to the disaster management personnel, a database containing 1m resolution Ikonos satellite imagery photographs of inner-city Daegu and 2.5 resolution Spot satellite imagery photographs of outer-Daegu was built. In addition, to provide three-dimensional geographic information, a DEM(Digital Elevation Model) database was
built. Services using such satellite imagery information include analysis of the best mountain-climbing route that can be used in case of mountain climbing accidents, 3D building modeling for three-dimensional training sessions in buildings and analysis on the spread of dangerous substances based on climate information.
○ Map-editing management
As a function to keep geographic information data on roads and buildings up to date, the editor in a fire station or branch station edits the data using the map-editing program when there is a topographical change in the precinct. Also, through synchronization and duplication phases, the consistency of information in the geographic information server at the fire headquarter and the geographic information terminal database at the fire branch station is maintained.
2.3 Geographic Information Database Architecture
The Fire Department established geographic information data on the western and northern regions in 1998 and operated a pilot system. In 1999, it built a full-fledged geographic information data on the entire city of Daegu. Maps have a significant impact on decision-making in disaster management and therefore are relatively accurate, use the latest distance data and undergo a verification process where each piece of information is checked. They have been built to ease the tension in the eyes of the fire dispatcher who has to monitor the geographic information 24 hours a day and gathering information through the system has been simplified <Table 1>.
Table 1. Fire Geographic Information Database
Category Description Distance Provided by Note
Base Map
Basic contours, rivers, cadastral, facilities, buildings etc
1:500,1:1,000 Base map 1:500 land use map
NGIS 1:5,000
Daegu City (Information Unit) Roads main roads, supplemental
roads, small roads, alleys, center lines etc
1:500,1:1,000 Base map
NGIS 1:5,000 “
Fire
Them-atic Map
Fire facilities map
objects, fire fighting water,
dangerous facilities, precinct etc 1:500 Base map ․ Self-built Lot map lot numbers Map of formal land
price
Daegu City (Land Register Unit) Related
offices
related heavy-equipment companies, hospitals, police
station etc
1:500 Base map ․ Self-built
City gas pipe lines, pressure device etc 1:1,000 Daegu City (Information Unit) Underground
facilities map
water supply, drainage,
telecom lines etc 1:500 Base map “ Aerial photograph rivers and mountains region 1:5,000 “
Satellite imagery entire city of Daegu Ikonos, Spot Purchased ·
Fire Emergency Rescue Service Based on GIS 153