Realization of Environmental Justice
Ⅳ. Establishment of Health Risk Assessment and a Management Strategy System Based on Environmental Justice
Establishment of a health risk assessment system incorporating the elements of nvironmental justice
1
Establishing an assessment system that prioritizes environmentally vulnerable groups through the introduction of the elements of environmental justice in the entire health risk management process (planning-diagnosis-assessment-utilization)
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Planning stage: identifying the problem, setting the plan and scope, identifying the elements that contribute to the environmentally vulnerable group and environmental justice issues, and setting the scope of the environmental justice analysis
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Diagnosis stage: identifying information for assessment, assessment scope, methodology, collecting the necessary information, integrating information, and determining data and methodology to identify the elements of environmental justice
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Assessment stage: conducting analysis of environmental justice indicators that affect exposure and health impacts based on the integrated information and collecting opinions from the environmentally vulnerable population on major health and environmental impacts
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Utilization stage: the stage to draw conclusions about the assessment results, presenting environmental justice issues in the final health risk assessment, and proposing methods and policies to resolve the identified issues
Legal amendment and system change (draft) to introduce health risk assessment based on environmental justice
2
Consideration of environmental justice in existing health impact surveys and environmental impact assessments
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In order to lay the foundation for environmental justice, we suggest specifying environmentally vulnerable groups taking environmental justice into account, establishing new evaluation indicators of health and environmental assessment, and revising the clauses of provision of information in the existing Environmental Public Health Law.
Review and apply the basis for environmental justice of the off-site impact assessment and risk management planning
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As an amendment to the Chemical Substances Control Law to promote environmental justice, we suggest the following: consider the demographic structure and socioeconomic indicators of vulnerable groups such as age in risk analysis; develop separate plans to protect the health of sensitive groups when responding to chemical accidents; and revise the mandatory clause of community notification to include informing of the community of whether residents’ feedback was accepted.
Establishment of a professional advisory committee for strategic management of environmental justice
3
In order to achieve environmental justice in the policy development process, it is necessary to establish an independent and professional environmental justice advisory committee.
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We suggest that the professional advisor committee should be divided into the environmental justice governance advisory group and environmental justice scientific advisory group,
comprising of 20 members.
- The committee will comprehensively propose issues to the Ministry of Environment that should be considered in the aspect of environmental justice and give advices accordingly in the development and implementation of environmental policy.
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Specifying the establishment of the committee for continuous and efficient operation in the decree - We suggest revising the clause of professional advisory committees in the Enforcement
Decree of the Environmental Public Health Law to include the professional advisory committee on environmental justice and specifying the composition and operation of the committee.
Key References
Domestic Literature
● 고재경(2013), 「경기도 생활환경복지 지표개발 연구」, 경기연구원.
● 고재경, 정회성(2013), “환경복지 개념 도입에 관한 시론적 연구”, 「환경정책」, 21(3), 한국환경정책학회, p.33.
● 김종호 외(2014), 「환경복지 지표 및 기준 개발에 관한 연구」, 한국환경정책·평가연구원.
● 김태현 외(2017), 「환경정의 실현을 위한 지역단위 환경불평등 분석」, 한국환경정책·평가연구원.
● 박인규(2016), “환경오염피해 구제제도의 주요 내용 및 정책추진 방향”, 「환경정보지」, Vol.421, 환경보전협회, pp.12-15.
● 박재묵(2006), “환경정의 개념의 한계와 대안적 개념화”, 「환경사회학연구 ECO」, 10(2), 한국환경사회학회, pp.75-114.
● 반영운(2007), “환경정의 지표 개발”, 「도시행정학보」, 20(3), 한국도시행정학회, pp.3-23.
● 배현주(2010), “대기질 개선과 저소득계층 어린이 건강보호 효과”, 「한국환경보건학회지」, Vol.36, 한국환경보건학회, p.187.
● 신용승 외(2017), 「환경복지 구현을 위한 국민체감형 환경서비스 개발 방안」, 한국환경정책·평가연구원.
● 이상윤, 박지현(2018), 「환경영향평가 환경정의 항목개발을 위한 기초연구」, 한국환경정책·평가연구원.
● 이소라 외(2017), 「OECD 환경성평가 대응방안 마련연구」, 환경부, p.71.
● 이승훈 외(2018), “환경정의 관점에서 본 지방정부 화학물질 배출의 사회 경제적 특성 비교 분석”,
「Crisisonomy」, 14(9), 위기관리 이론과 실천, pp.133-144.
● 전재경, 황은주(2018), 「환경정의 수립 및 환경인식 제고를 위한 개선 방안 연구」, 한국법제연구원.
● 정다운, 이영재(2019), “전국 환경피해 우심지역 주민건강영향조사 방안마련 연구”, 최종보고회 발표자료, p.28.
● 조명래(2013), “개발국가의 환경정의: 한국적 환경정의론의 모색”, 「환경법연구」, 35(3), pp.69-111.
● 추장민 외(2013), 「환경성평가에 있어 사회적 약자 배려방안 연구」, 환경부, p.23.
● 추장민 외(2019), 「환경정의 종합계획 마련 연구」, 환경부.
● 추장민 외(2017), 「환경정의 실현을 위한 정책방안 마련 연구」, 환경부, pp.11-12, p.74, pp.79-80.
● 한국건강증진재단(2014), 건강불평등과 지역사회 건강증진, 「건강증진총서」, 1(16), 한국건강증진재단, p.21.
● 한국환경정책·평가연구원 환경보건센터(2019), 「환경보건정보 환경보건센터 성과보고서(2019년)」, pp.153-154.
● 한상운(2009), “환경정의의 규범적 의미-환경, 정의, 법의 3면 관계를 바탕으로”, 「환경법연구」, 31(1), 한국환경법학회, pp.331-354.
International Literature
● Agyeman, J. (2005), Sustainable Communities and the Challenge of Environmental Justice, US:
NYU Press, p.26.
● Bryant, B. (1995), “Pollution Prevention and Participatory Research as a Methodology for Environmental Justice”, Virginia Environmental Law Journal, 14(4), pp.589-613.
● California EPA: CalEPA (2017), CalEnviroScreen 3.0: Update to the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool.
● Council on Environmental Quality (1997), Environmental Justice Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act.
● EEA (2018),Unequal Exposure and Unequali Impacts: Social Vulnerability to Air Pollution, Noise and Extreme Temperatures in Europe, p.9.
● Montazeri, P. et al. (2019), “Socioeconomic Position and Exposure to Multiple Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Six European Mother-Child Cohorts”, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222(5), pp.867-869.
● Naney, K. B. et al. (2017), “The Development of a Community Informed Cumulative Stressors and Resiliency Index (CSRI) to Examine Environmental Health Disparities and Disease Risk in A South Carolina”, Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, pp.44-45.
● OECD (1995), Environmental Principle and Concepts.
● PSE Healthy Energy (2016), Our Air: Health and Equity Impacts of Ohio’s Power Plants.
● US EPA (2015), Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice during the Development of Regulatory Action.
● US EPA (2016a), The Environmental Justice Research Roadmap, p.A-2, p.9, p.14.
● US EPA (2016b), Technical Guidance for Assessing Environmental Justice in Regulatory Analysis, p.30.
● US EPA (2019), EJSCREEN Environmental Justice Mapping and Screening Tool: EJSCREEN Technical Documentation,
● WHO (2002), Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disasters: A Practical Guide, p.5.
● WHO Regional Office for Europe (2010), Social and Gender Inequalities in Environment and Health, pp.3-4.
● WHO Regional Office for Europe (2016), Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution – General Principles, Copenhagen, p.6, pp.9-10.
Online Sources
● EIASS, “건강영향평가 소개”, https://www.eiass.go.kr/hia/intro/hiaDiff.do, Search Date: June 3, 2020.
● EIASS, “사업별 건강영향평가 인자”, https://www.eiass.go.kr/hia/intro/bizFactor.do, Search Date: May 8, 2020.
● EIASS, “환경영향평가제도안내”, https://www.eiass.go.kr/inform/system/intro.do, Search Date: June 3, 2020.
● Korea Transport Database, www.ktdb.go.kr, Search Date: May 1, 2020.
● Korean Law Information Center, “건강영향 항목의 검토 및 평가에 관한 업무처리지침”, http://www.law.go.kr/
행정규칙/건강영향항목의검토및평가에관한업무처리지침/(589,20161213), Search Date: June 4, 2020.
● Korean Law Information Center, “환경유해인자의 위해성평가를 위한 절차와 방법 등에 관한 지침”, http://
www.law.go.kr/행정규칙/환경유해인자의위해성평가를위한절차와방법등에관한지침/(585,20160725), Search Date: June 4, 2020.
● Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, “취약계층 환경성 질환 예방사업”, http://www.
keiti.re.kr/site/keiti/02/10206030000002018092810.jsp, Search Date: 2020.3.31.
● National Institute of Chemical Safety, “장외영향평가”, https://nics.me.go.kr/sub.do?menuId=65, Search Date: September 25, 2020.
● National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal, http://www.nsdi.go.kr, Search Date: May 1, 2020.
● US Department of Energy, “EO 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations”, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/
nepapub/nepa_documents/RedDont/Req-EO12898envjustice.pdf, Search Date: October 9, 2020.
● US Department of Health and Human Services, “Community Resilience”, https://www.phe.gov/
Preparedness/planning/abc/Pages/community-resilience.aspx, Search Date: June 3, 2020.
● US EPA, “EJSCREEN”, https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen, Search Date: September 25, 2020.