CONCLUSION

This result showed similar to other researches about sociodemographic, emotional or behavioral factors related to internet addiction. Male, older age, attention problems, delinquent problems, aggressive behavior, K-CDI scores and age of first internet use were related to internet addiction. Generally, subjects with more emotional or behavioral problems showed more severe internet addiction. It means that they already have had various difficulties when we found internet addiction of adolescents. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate whether the subjects have any emotional or behavioral troubles and to intervene to prevent internet addiction.

20

REFERENCES

1. Achenbach TM. Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT:University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry;1991

2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5: Amer Psychiatric Pub Incorporated; 2013, Washingto, DC, London, England

3. Buchmann AF, Schmid B, Blomeyer D, Becker K, Treutlein J, Zimmermann US, et al.

Impact of age at first drink on vulnerability to alcohol-related problems: testing the marker hypothesis in a prospective study of young adults. J Psychiatr Res 2009;43:1205-1212

4. Cao F, Su L, Liu T, Gao X. The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Eur Psychiatry 2007;22:466-471 5. Cao H, Sun Y, Wan U, Hao J, Tao F.. Problematic Internet use in Chinese adolescents

and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health 2011;11:802

6. Carli V, Durkee T, Wasserman D, Hadlaczky G, Despalins R, Kramarz E, et al. The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review. Psychopathology 2013;46:1-13

7. Cho SC, Lee YS. Development of the Korean form of the Kovacs; Children’s Depression Inventory. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1990;29:943-956

8. Fioravanti G, Dettore D, Casale S. Adolescent Internet addiction: testing the

21

association between self-esteem, the perception of Internet attributes, and preference for online social interactions. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2012;15:318-323 9. Hong KE. Korean textbook of child psychiatry. Seoul: Chungang munwhasa; 2005 10. Jenkins MB, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Nelson EC, Madden PA, Bucholz KK, et al.

Correlates of alcohol abuse/dependence in early-onset alcohol-using women. Am J Addict 2011;20:429-434

11. Ju SJ, Jwa DH. A prediction model for internet game addicted adolescents: Focusing on socioeconomic and family related traits. Korean Journal of Youth Studies 2011;18:165-190

12. Khantzian EJ. The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1997;4:231-244 13. Kim HS, Chae KC, Rhim YJ, Shin YM. Familial Characteristics of Internet Overuse

Adolescents. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2004;43:733-739

14. Kim TH, Ha EH, Lee ES, Cho SJ, Song DH. Emotional and Behavioral Problems Related with Internet Addiction in Adolescence. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2005;44:364-370

15. Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS, Yeh YC, Yen CF. Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet addiction in adolescents: a 2-year prospective study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:937-943

16. Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Chen CC. The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: a review of the literature. Eur Psychiatry 2012;27:1-8

22

17. Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and promotion. The Survey of Internet addiction 2007. Seoul: Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and promotion; 2008 18. Kormas G, Critselis E, Janikian M, Kafetzis D, Tsitsika A. Risk factors and

psychosocial characteristics of potential problematic and problematic internet use among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:595

19. Kovacs M. The Children’s Depression Inventory: A self-rated depression scale for school-aged youngsters. [Unpublished Manuscript]. In press 1983

20. Kovacs M, Beck AT. An Empirical-clinical Approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In: Jg Schulterbrandt & A. Raskig. Depression on children:

Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models. New York: Raven Press, 1977, 1-25 21. Lam LT, Peng ZW. Effect of pathological use of the internet on adolescent mental

health: a prospective study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164:901-906

22. Lee MS, Moon JW, Park JS. A Study on the Relationship of Middle and High School Students’ Internet Addiction Level and School Life Adjustment. J. of the Korean Soc.

of School Health 2010;23:42-52

23. Lin MP, Ko HC, Wu JY. Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors associated with internet addiction in a nationally representative sample of college students in Taiwan.

Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2011;14:741-746

24. Megan A. Moreno, MD, MSEd, MPH, Lauren Jelenchick, BS, Elizabeth Cox, MD, PhD, Henry Young, PhD, Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH. Problematic Internet Use Among US Youth: a systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165:797-80 25. National Internet Development Agency of Korea. Survey on the Computer and

23

27. National Information Society Agency. The Survey of internet addiction 2011. Seoul:

National Information Society Agency; 2012

28. Ni X, Yan H, Chen S, Liu Z. Factors influencing internet addiction in a sample of freshmen university students in China. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009;12:327-330 29. Oh KJ, Hong KE, Lee HR, Ha EH. Koran-Youth Self Report(K-YSR). Seoul, Korea:

Chung Ang Aptitude Research Center; 1997

30. Park MS, Park SE. The relationship between internet immersion and social competences and behavior development of elementary school children. J Educ Psychol 2004;18:313-327

31. Rahman AS, Pilver CE, Desai RA, Steinberg MA, Rugle L, Krishnan-Sarin S, et al.

The relationship between age of gambling onset and adolescent problematic gambling severity. J Psychiatr Res 2012;46:675-683

32. Shapira NA, Goldsmith TD, Keck PE Jr, Khosla UM, McElroy SL. Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. J Afect Disorderd 2000;57:267-272

33. Shin HS, Lee JS, Lee HG, Shin JS. Sex-differences in the effects of comorbidity of depression/anxiety and aggression on adjustment problems of juvenile delinquents.

24

The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2004;16:491-510

34. Siomos K, Floros G, Fisoun V, Evaggelia D, Farkonas N, Sergentani E, et al.

Evolution of Internet addiction in Greek adolescent students over a two-year period:

the impact of parental bonding. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;21:211-219 35. We JH, Chae KM. Internet addiction disorder of attention-deficit hyperactivity

disorder adolescents, psychological characteristics. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 2004;23:397-416

36. Yen CF, Ko CH, Yen JY, Chang YP, Cheng CP. Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age.

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;63:357-364

37. Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, Yang MJ. The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. J Adolesc Health 2007;41:93-98

38. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH. The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference.

Cyberpsychol Behav 2009;12:187-191

39. Yoo HJ, Cho SC, Ha J, Yune SK, Kim SJ, Hwang J, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004;58:487-494

40. Yoo HJ, Woo Si, Kim J, Ha J, Lee CS, Sohn JW. Relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and internet addiction in high school students. Kor J of Psychopathol 2003;12:85-94

25

41. Young KS. Caught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction--and a Winning Strategy for Recovery. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1998

26

27

결론: 이 연구는 인터넷 중독과 관련한 사회인구학적 요인, 정서 혹은 행동의 요인에 대한 다른 연구와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 일반적으로, 연구 대상자들 중에 더 심각한 인터넷 중독 경항을 보이는 경우에 정서 혹은 행동상의 문제가 많았다. 이는 청소년들 중에 인터넷 중독인 경우에는 이미 여러 가지 어려움들을 많이 가지고 있었다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 어떠한 정서 혹은 행동상의 어려움을 가지고 있는지에 대한 조사가 필요하며, 인터넷 중독을 예방하기 위한 개입이 필요하다.

핵심어: 인터넷 중독, 청소년, K-YSR, K-CDI, 인터넷 시작 나이