차세대 항만 설계기술 개발 (IV)
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(2) 제. 출. 문. 해양수산부장관 귀하. 본 보고서를 “차세대 항만기술개발(IV)”의 연구보고서로 제출합니다.. 2004. 12. 10. 주관연구기관명 : 한국해양연구원. 주관연구책임자 : 윤 길 림. 연. 구. 원. : 채광석, 오영민, 조홍연 심재설, 박광순, 권오순, 박우선, 장인성, 전기천 채장원, 염기대, 이달수. 협동연구기관. : 충북대학교 / 허 열.
(3) 보고서 초록 해당단계. 2004.2 -. 연구기간. 2004.12. 과제관리번호. 단계구분. 연구사업명. 해양수산연구개발사업. 연구과제명. 차세대 항만설계기술 개발 (IV). 4단계/7단계. 총: 15명 해당단계 연구책임자. 윤길림. 해당단계. 정부:. 연구비. 100,000천원. 내부: 13명 참여연구원수 외부: 2명. 연구기관명 및. 한국해양연구원. 소속부서명. 연안항만공학본부. 참여기업명 국제공동연구. 상대국명:. 위탁연구. 연구기관명:. 상대국연구기관명: 충북대. 연구책임자: 허열 보고서. 요약. 249 면수. 항만구조물의 안정 및 침하 해석에 있어서 신뢰성 설계법을 적용하기 위해서 는 반드시 각가의 해석 방법에서 적용되는 지반의 불확실성을 반영하는 토질상수 가 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구보고서에서는 국내 주요 항만인 부산항만과 광양항 만의 지반에 면밀하게 분석하고, 그 설계 사례연구를 통해 지반의 불화실성을 제 거하고 항만시설 설계시 지반의 안정과 침하특성을 분석하도록 최적의 토질상수 를 제시하였다 향후, 국내 항만구조물 설계기준을 신뢰성 이론을 접목하여 효율적으로 개정 을 하기 위해서, 한국, 중국, 일본 3국의 동북아 항만국장회의에서 의제로 부각된 한계상태설계법에 대한 개념을 도입한 “항만구조물의 신뢰성 설계법”국제공동 연구를 추진하고 각국의 설계기준의 개념과 설계이론을 비교분석하여 차이점을 고찰을 통한 동북아시아 3국의 현실에 적합한 차기 국제적인 통합 항만설계기준 의 제정에 대한 기반연구를 추진하여 그 결과를 제시하였다. 심해파, 신뢰성설계, 한계상태설계법, 방파제설계, 사면 한글 안정해석, 항만설계. 색인어. Deep Sea Wave, Reliability Design, Limit State. (각 5개 이상) 영어. Design,. Breakwater. Design,. Analysis, Harbor Design. Slope. Stability.
(4) 요 약 문 I. 제 목 차세대 항만 설계기술개발 (IV) II. 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 가. 현행 사면의 안정성을 분석에 주로 이용되는 각종의 해석방법은 대부분 한계평 형법에 근거를 하고 있으나,. 이들 방법은 부정정문제의 정정화와 계산상의 편의를. 위해서 다양하게 설정한 가정을 전제로 하기 때문에 동일한 조건에 대해서도 계산된 안전율이 서로 다르게 평가되기 때문에 실무자가 계산 결과를 적용하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 그래서 기존의 각 해석 방법에서 설정한 가정들을 면밀한 분석 과 사례연구를 통해 사면안정해석의 최적안을 제시한다. 나. 토목공학에서 대상으로 하는 하중과 재료는 본질적으로 불확실성을 내포하고 있 으며, 확정론적 방법인 허용응력설계법은 재료의 불확실성과 분산특성을 고려하기에 는 한계가 있다. 이러한 점을 보안하기 위해, 현재 유럽과 미국을 중심으로 세계 각 국에서는 하중과 재료의 특성을 확률론적 접근방법을 통한 한계상태설계법이 연구 개발되어 왔으며 일부 국가에서는 자국의 설계기준으로 채택되고 있으나, 국내에서 는 관련 연구나 설계기준에 이용되는 것이 미약한 현실이다.. 이에 향후 국내 항만. 구조물 설계기준의 효율적인 개정을 위해서 한계상태설계법에 대한 개념을 설명하고 각국의 설계기준의 개념과 설계이론을 비교분석한다.. III. 연구개발의 내용 및 범위 국제적인 추세로 변화하는 항만 구조물 설계법의 변천과 관련하여 첫째로, 매년 개최되는 동북아 3국(한국, 일본, 중국)의 항만국장회의 국제공동연구 수행 원활히 수행하여 공동연 구를 추진하였다. 둘째, 향후 국가적으로 요구되는 항만구조물 신뢰성 설계법 기준서 개발과 관련한 해저지반 불확실성 분석을 수행하여 불확실성 분석방법을 제시하였 다. 셋째로 국내 주요 항만인 부산항 및 광양항을 중심으로 그동안 수행한 다양한 지반조사 관련한 핵심 설계변수를 망라하여 지반의 핵심 설계상수의 분산과 오차를 도출하고 최적 예측식을 제시하였다. 가. 항만구조물의 안정 및 침하 해석에 있어서 신뢰성 설계법을 적용하기 위해서는. - i -.
(5) 반드시 각가의 해석 방법에서 적용되는 지반의 불확실성을 반영하는 토질상수가 제 시되어야 한다. 본 연구보고서에서는 국내 주요 항만인 부산항만과 광양항만의 지반 에 면밀하게 분석하고, 그 설계 사례연구를 통해 지반의 불화실성을 제거하고 항만 시설 설계시 지반의 안정과 침하특성을 분석하도록 최적의 토질상수를 제시하였다. 나. 향후 국내 항만구조물 설계기준을 신뢰성 이론을 접목하여 효율적으로 개정을 하기 위해서, 한국, 중국, 일본 3국의 동북아 항만국장회의에서 의제로 부각된 한계 상태설계법에 대한 개념을 도입한 “항만구조물의 신뢰성 설계법”국제공동연구를 추진하고 각국의 설계기준의 개념과 설계이론을 비교분석하여 차이점을 고찰을 통한 동북아시아 3국의 현실에 적합한 차기 국제적인 통합 항만설계기준의 제정에 대한 기반연구를 추진하여 그 결과를 제시하였다.. □ 2001-2003년까지 추진목표 달성 및 연구개발성과. 년도. 추진목표. 달성내용. 달성도(%). ∙유럽 및 북미의 한계상태 설계법 개발 사례분석 2001. ∙항만설계관련 신뢰성 이론 ∙한국, 일본 및 중국의 3개국의 “동북 및 한계상태설계 이론의 정립 아 항만설계기준의 국제표준화”추진협약 ∙항만설계관련 신뢰성이론 및 한계상태. ∙100 ∙100 ∙100. 설계 이론의 정립 ∙기초구조물 설계시 압축지수의 예측식 ∙지반관련 기초설계의 국제기 2002. 준 분석 및 파랑자료의 통계적 특성 분석. 제안. ∙100. ∙국내 파랑자료의 통계적 특성 분석을. ∙100. 통한 파랑의 방향성 연구. ∙100. ∙방파제의 천단고 설정을 위한 신뢰성 설계기술 연구 국내심해파 통계특성분석: 실측 및 추정. 항만설계기준을 신뢰성 이론 심해파 통계특성/설계안 제시 2003. 에 적합한 해안공학, 구조공 ∙방파제. 신뢰성. 설계안. 비교:. 학 및 지반공학적 관련 요소 FOSM/SORM 비교연구 및 최적안 제안 기술의 개발. ∙항만구조물. 사면안정식. Bishop/Fellenius법 비교 및 분석. - ii -. 연구:. ∙100 ∙100 ∙100.
(6) IV. 2004년 연구개발결과 가. 국내 주요 항만 해저지반의 불확실성 분석 및 분석 모델 제시하고자 항만구조물 신뢰성 설계의 지반 불확실성 해석 모델을 도입하고 최적 설계변수 산출 근거 제시 항만 및 어항 설계기준의 핵심 지반변수 관련하여 지반안정 및 침하량 산정 설계상 수 분석 및 최적 예측식 제시하였다. 즉, 부산항 및 광양항 항만시설의 지반조사 자 료 집대성 및 심층 통계분석으로 지반의 최적 설계변수 제시하였다. 나. 현재의 허용응력설계법인 항만시설의 설계기준을 국제적인 설계법인 한계상태설 계법으로 개정하여 국내 설계기준의 선진화를 도모하는데 기본토대를 마련하기 위 해, 한계상태설계법에 대한 개념을 설명하고 각국의 설계기준의 개념과 설계이론을 비교분석하여 차이점을 고찰하였다. 다. 동북아 항만국장회의 공동연구 추진 및 세미나 개최를 2004. 11월에 한국 서울 에서 개최했다. 주요 연구 성과로서 국내 해양지반 침하량 산정 압축지수의 다변량 통계분석. SCI급. 논문발표을. 2004년. 12월에. 국제적인. 논문집인. Canadian. Geotechnical Journal에 발표했고 그리고 한국지반공학회 주최, 신뢰성 설계 및 지 반의 불확실성 학술회의”를 개최하여 핵심논문으로 발표하였다. (기초지반의 지지 력 및 침하량 불확실성 분석, 2004년 7월) V. 2004년 연구개발결과 활용계획 세계 각국의 설계기준이 한계상태설계법(LSD)과 허응응력설계법으로 구분되어 있 으나 WTO 및 ISO의 영향으로 한계상태설계법으로 통합되어 가는 추세이다. 한국의 항만설계기준에는 한계상태설계법이 채택되어 있지 않으나, 향후 새로운 신뢰성 설계법 으로 채택해야 하는 시점에 놓였다. 본 연구는 이를 위하여 한계상태설계법에 대한 기초적인 이론 및 국내 항만설계기준의 문제점을 고찰하는 수준에서 연구를 진행하 였다. 본 연구에서 연구한 국내 핵심항인 부산 및 광양항 해저지반의 불확실성 분석으로 향후 신뢰성 설계법을 개발하는 경우에 기존의 결정론적 설계법에 비해 일반적으로 지반의 불확실을 과대평가하지 않아 공사비의 절감이 기대되며, 경제적인 설계가 가 능하다. 본 연구결과는 향후 국내 항만설계기준의 효율적인 개정을 위해서 선진주요 국가의 설계기준이 한계상태설계법을 토대로 차세대 항만설계기준의 개발을 통해 선 진국과 대등한 기술을 보유하는데 기반을 마련하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 현 재 국내의 항만설계기준서로부터 탈피하여 국내의 현실에 적합한 신 설계기술의 창 조와 차기 한국형 항만설계기준의 제정에 기준의 도출에 활용하고자 한다.. - iii -.
(7) 목. 차. 표 차 례 ····································································································································· ix 그림차례 ·································································································································· xiii 제 1장 서 론 ··························································································································· 1 1.1 연구 목적 ························································································································· 1 1.2 연구 내용 ························································································································· 4 제 2장 토질특성 분석 ············································································································ 9 2.1 개요 ··································································································································· 9 2.2 물리적 특성 ··················································································································· 11 2.2.1 함수비 ······················································································································ 11 2.2.2 비중 ·························································································································· 12 2.2.3 전체단위중량 ·········································································································· 13 2.2.4 초기 간극비 ············································································································ 14 2.2.5 액성한계와 소성한계 ···························································································· 15 2.2.6 소성지수와 액성지수 ···························································································· 16 2.2.7 200번체 통과율과 점토입자 함유율 ·································································· 18 2.2.8 활성도 ······················································································································ 20 2.3 강도특성 ························································································································· 21 2.3.1 일축압축강도 ·········································································································· 21 2.3.2 예민비 ······················································································································ 24 2.3.3 변형계수와 파괴시 변형률 ·················································································· 25 2.3.4 비배수 전단강도(UU) ··························································································· 27 2.3.5 유효마찰각 ·············································································································· 28 2.3.6 강도증가율 ·············································································································· 29 2.3.7 현장베인시험 결과 ································································································ 31 2.4 압밀특성 ························································································································· 34 2.4.1 압축지수와 팽창지수 ···························································································· 34 2.4.2 선행압밀응력과 과압밀비 ···················································································· 36 2.4.3 압밀계수 ·················································································································· 39 2.4.4 체적변화계수 ·········································································································· 41 2.4.5 투수계수 ·················································································································· 44 2.4.6 2차 압축지수 ·········································································································· 46. - v -.
(8) 제 3장 확률통계분석 ············································································································ 49 3.1 개요 ································································································································· 49 3.2 물리적 특성에 대한 통계분석 ··················································································· 50 3.2.1 조사자료에 대한 기술통계량 ·············································································· 50 3.2.2 정규성 검정 ············································································································ 52 3.2.3 Box plot을 통한 이상치 제거 및 빈도분석 ···················································· 54 3.2.4 통계분석 결과 ········································································································ 65 3.3 역학적 특성에 대한 통계분석 ··················································································· 68 3.3.1 원자료에 대한 기술통계량 ·················································································· 68 3.3.2 정규성 검정 ············································································································ 69 3.3.3 Box plot을 통한 이상치 제거 및 빈도분석 ···················································· 72 3.3.4 통계분석 결과 ········································································································ 80 제 4장 상관관계 분석 ·········································································································· 83 4.1 토질정수사이의 상관성분석 ······················································································· 83 4.2 물리적 특성사이의 상관성분석 ················································································· 85 4.2.1 선형회귀분석 ·········································································································· 85 4.2.2 비선형 회귀분석 ···································································································· 92 4.3 강도특성에 대한 상관성 분석 ··················································································· 96 4.3.1 깊이-비배수 전단강도에 대한 선형회귀분석 ·················································· 96 4.3.2 일축압축 및 UU삼축 시험결과 비배수전단강도의 관계 ···························· 100 4.4 압밀정수에 대한 회귀분석 ······················································································· 103 4.4.1 깊이-선행압밀응력에 대한 선형회귀분석 ······················································ 103 4.4.2 비배수전단강도(일축)와 선행압밀응력의 관계 ············································· 105 4.4.3 압축지수와 수정압축지수의 관계분석 ···························································· 106 4.4.4 물리적 특성과 압축지수의 상관분석 ······························································ 108 4.4.5 압밀응력과 압밀정수사이의 상관관계 분석 ·················································· 110 4.4.6 압축지수와 팽창지수의 관계분석 ···································································· 119 4.4.7 깊이와 과압밀비의 관계 ···················································································· 121 제 5장 설계정수 산정 ········································································································ 123 5.1 물리적 특성 ················································································································· 123 5.1.1 광양지역 ················································································································ 123 5.1.2 부산지역 ················································································································ 126 5.2 강도특성 ······················································································································· 128 5.2.1 비배수 전단강도 ·································································································· 128 5.2.2 유효마찰각 ············································································································ 131. - vi -.
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