Measurement of the Relative Cross-section of the
208Pb(p,x)Bi Reaction by Using a 100 MeV Proton Beam
Jieun Lee · Jungran Yoon
∗· Taeik Ro
Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
Samyol Lee
Department of Radiological Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea (Received 9 May 2015 : revised 26 May 2015 : accepted 5 August 2015)
In this study, we measured the energy spectrum of the delayed gamma-ray from the208Pb(p,x)Bi reaction for aNatPb Target by using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) spectrometer system and the 100 MeV proton beam. The proton beam in the experiment was derived from 100 MeV proton linear accelerator in the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). We measured the relative cross-section by measuring the branching ratio of the208Pb(p,x)Bi reaction. The results were compared with analytical results obtained by using Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF/B-VI) and Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR).
PACS numbers: 24.90.+d
Keywords: Proton nuclear reaction, 100 MeV Proton accelerator,208Pb(p,x)Bi, Relative cross-section
100 MeV W ë sV R Ë Ä k È ù p § T Ó Þ X ¢
208Pb(p,x)Bi8 ý V ê s6 mì ÅX ì Ä ¤X N Ë
T
U ª < · * × <+ ä ¸ 6 Ò
∗· { ¡? ¸
1 l
x@/<Ƨ Ótüo<Æõ, ÂÒíß 49315
T
~ x
1 l
x"f@/<Ƨ ~½Ó<Æõ, ÂÒíß 47011
(2015¸ 5Z4 9{9 ~ÃÎ6§, 2015¸£ 5Z4 26{9 ú&ñ:r~ÃÎ6£§, 2015¸ 84 5{Z 9 >FSX&ñ)
:
r ½¨\"fH 100 MeVª$í c`¦s6 xôÇNatPb_ (p,x) ìøÍ6£x`¦ :x # µÏÒ1qt÷&#QtH tµ1Ï y
_ \-t Û¼&7àÔ!3`¦¦íH¸ HPGe (High-Purity Germanium) ئl\¦s6 x # 8£¤&ñ %i.
z
´+«>\ 6 xÇ ô ª$í cÉr ª$í 5qÅl ½¨G'p' (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, KOMAC)\ [Ou÷&#Q eH 100 MeV $ªí +þA5Åql\¦ 6 x %i. NatPb\ @/ôÇ ÙþìøÍ6£x ׿
208Pb(p,x)Bi ìøÍ6£x\ @/ôÇ ìrlq\¦ 8£¤&ñ # ©@/éß&h`¦ 8£¤&ñ %i. 8£¤&ñ)a õH ENDF/B- VI (Evaluated Nuclear Data File)ü< EXFOR (Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data)\ 1px2¤÷&#Q e
Hõ[þt`¦s6x # q§ ìr$3 %i.
PACS numbers: 24.90.+d
Keywords:ª$í ÙþìøÍ6£x, 100 MeVª$í 5Åql,208Pb(p,x)Bi,@©/éß&h
∗E-mail: [email protected]
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
I. " e  ] Ø
¦\-t ª$íc`¦s6 xÇ ô½¨ìrH /åL5Åq > Õª ì
r\¦ XS@/ ¦ eH ÆÒ[j\ e. :£¤y ¦\-t ª
$í
H Óüt|9õ_ ªôÇ ÙþìøÍ6x`£¦ :x # 1lx0A"é¶è[þt`¦
í<ÊôÇ ªôÇ " é¶è[þt`¦ t$qÒír& Óüt|9[tþ_ ¸$í`¦
o r. sü< 'aº)a ÙþìøÍ6£x ½¨, RI (Radioactive Isotope)Òqtíß, Ùþ«Ñ Òqtíß, "é¶§4 F«Ñ >hµ1Ï 1px\ @/ôÇ
ªôÇ ½¨ ú'÷&#Q M®o [1]. :£¤y, õ\HÙþìøÍ 6
£
x\ @/ôÇ Ùþ«Ñ[þt_ @/ÂÒìrÉr "é¶Ð>hµÏ\1 9כ¹ôÇ Ùþ 7
á
xõ :£¤&ñ ½¨ ׿dܼРÙþ«Ñ[þts >hµ1Ï÷&#QM®o [2].
"f "é¶Ð [O>ü< ÙþÁºl >hµ1Ïõ'aº$sí &hÉrÙþ 7
á
x[þt\ @/ôÇ &ñÐ[þtÉr«Ñ ÂÒ7á¤ôÇ &³z´s 9, ¾ÓÊê p A
\-t"é¶ ÙþÖ6x½+ËÐ >hµ1Ïõ ĺÅÒ>hµ1Ï`¦ 0AôÇ ª$í
ÙþìøÍ6£x <sX' ú|9_ 9כ¹$íÉr /åL5Åq > 7£x÷&¦ e
[3]. :£¤y Z}Ér \-t %%òi\"f_ ª$í\ @/ôÇ
íS\ìøÍ6£xr 8É £¤&ñ)a z´+> « õ[þts &h#Q 8£¤&ñ_ 9כ¹$í s
e.
:r ½¨\"f 6 x)a ; ±ú (lead)Ér {9ìøÍ&hܼРy
`6 xܼР´ú§s 6 x÷& 9 :£¤y Ö6x½+ËÐ\"f `
^
Ð 6 x÷&#QtH Li-Pb_ ½+ËFK_ F«Ñsl¸ . s
; ±ú\H204Pb (1.4%),206Pb (24.1%),207Pb (22.1%)
208Pb (52.4%) 1lx0A"é¶è ª > >rFôÇ. :r½¨ _
ÙþìøÍ6£x\ @/ôÇ õH$ªí 5Åql, ÙÖþ6x½+ËÐ_
`
x9 \P [O> 1px_ lí X<s'|¨c כ ܼРÒqty)a.
:r½¨\"fHª$í\ _ôÇ Pb ÙþìøÍ6£x«Ñ\¦%3l 0
AK ª$í 5Åql ½¨G'p'_ 100 MeV ª$í 5Åq l
\¦ s6 x # NatPb(p,x) ìøÍ6£x\ @/ôÇ tµ1Ï y_
\
-t Û¼&7àÔ!3`¦ HPGe ئ\l¦s6 x# 8£¤&ñ %i
. Õª ׿208Pb(p,x)BiìøÍ6£x\ @/ôÇ ìrlq\¦ 8£¤&ñ #
©@/éß&h`¦>íß %i. 8£¤&ñ)a õH ENDF/B-VI, EXFOR\ 1px2¤÷&#Q eH >í xß 9 z´+«> õ[þt`¦ s6 x
# q§ ìr$3 %i.
II. ÷ m Ç] M öX ê sV õ m Í U ê s0 n É
:r½¨Hª$í 5qÅl ½¨G'p'_ `OÛ¼+þA 100 MeV
ª$í 5Åql\¦s6 x # z´+«> %i. $ªí c_ ׿
©\ ³ð&h r«Ñ\¦ [Ou ¦ Øæìry ~½Óo {9#Q¸ 2
¤ª$í\¦¸ôÇ Êê Canberra_ HPGe ئl\¦ 6
x # tµ1Ï y`¦ 8£¤&ñ %i [4].
1. WësVRË Ò×M
ª$í ¸H 100 MeV 6 x ¸z´ ׿ TR 103 room`¦6 x %i. TR 103 roomÉr Target roomõ Pro- cessing roomܼР½¨$í÷&#Qe. ¸z´\"f µ1ÏÒqt H
ª$í cÉr 15 Hz_ ìøÍ4¤SúР¸÷& 9, ¨îçH c À
ÓH 0.3 mA_ ¸| \"f ¸÷&%3. c_ Óüto&h ß¼l
H þj@/ 300 mm dia s [4]. c`¦ 7á§ 8 çH{9 > ¸
rvl 0AK 0.5 mmt 300 mm dia Al-Be-Mat beam window\¦[Ou %i. ~½Óo\ 6 xôÇNatPb³ð&hr«Ñ
H FK5ÅqóøÍ +AIþÐ ß¼lH 8 mm × 8 mm × 0.51 mms
. c_ ׿©\ ³ð&hr«Ñ\¦ [Ou ¦ Øæìry ~½Óo
{9
#Q¸2¤ª$í\¦¸ %i.
2. PcpÒÅ ßeÈûsÚ XêsV
HPGe ئlH ìøÍ¸^ ئl_ ôÇ 7áxÀÓÐ Can- berra_ GMX Type_ HPGe ئl\¦ 6 x # 8£¤
&
ñ %i. HPGe ئlH ÅÒÐ y 8£¤&ñ 6 x¸Ð 6
x÷& 9 \-t ìrK0pxs ÃÌ4 Z 9 :r¸_ %ò¾Ó`¦ W= ~ÃÎ
HH כ s :£¤fçs. z´+«>\ 6 xa) HPGe ئl_ U
´sH 46 mm, fâ 47.5 mm,s 9 Concrete 5 cm ¿ºa
Ð `÷&#Qe. HPGe ئl ?/ÂÒ\ ~½Óo)ar«Ñ\¦ V,
¦ ئl_ ´òÖ¦`¦þj@/Ð l 0AK -3500 V\¦
%i. u 7x;£¤l ئl\ ÂÒÃÌ÷&#Q e#Q ئ§4
ñ Fast Spectroscopy Amp\¦5g +þA7£x;¤÷&#Q.
s
M: 7£x;¤)a ñH MCA (Multi Channel Analyzer)_ ô
Ç 7áxÀÓ MULTOR II\ {9§÷4&#Q ¦\ Ér\-t ì
r$3s sÀÒ#Qt¦ õ\¦ PC\ $© %i. HPGe Ø
¦l_ \-t §&ñ`¦0AK ³ðïr"é¶
22Na,54Mn,57Co,
60Co, 137Cs `¦6 x %iܼ 9 HPGe ئl_ ئ´òÖ¦
`
¦¦9 # {9×¼\¦½¨ %i [4].
III. ÷ m Ç] M ö z » Ä Z ØV Ä U ê s0 n É
ª$í 5Åql\¦s6 x# NatPb\¦Ó½~o r Êê ~½Ó
o)aNatPb\¦ HPGe ئl\¦s6 x # tµ1Ïy`¦ 8
£¤&ñ %i. Fig. 1Ér HPGe ئ\l¦s6 x # 8£¤&ñôÇ t
µ1Ï y Û¼&7àÔ!3s. Û¼&7àÔ!3 ìr$3`¦ :x # ª
$í
ÙþìøÍ6£x_ ©@/éß&h`¦ ½¨ %i. 1 MeV s _
%ò
%i\"f ´ú§Érxß¼'a¹1Ï÷&%3.
s
y \-t Û¼&7àÔ!3\HNatPb_ 1lx0A"é¶è y y
\ _K"f {9#QH ª$í ÙìþøÍ6£x_ õ[þts D¥F
Fig. 1. Gamma ray energy spectrum from the proton to
NatPb target by using HPGe detector.
Fig. 2. (Color online) 208Pb(p,n)208Bi Relative Cross- Section.
Fig. 3. (Color online) 208Pb(p,2n)207Bi Relative Cross- Section.
÷
&#Q eH Û¼&7àÔ!3s. ÙìþøÍ6£x ׿ 208Pb ( ;>rF q
: 52.4%)\ _K"f µ1ÏÒqt÷&H tµ1Ïy`¦ ìr$3
¦ NatPb_ Ér 1lx0A"é¶èü<_ ª$í ÙþìøÍ6£x\"f µ1Ï Òq
t÷&H y[þt`¦ ¦9 # 208Pb_ >rFqÐ ¾º#Q ï
r Êê ìrlq\¦ SX # õ\¦Ð&ñ %i. ½¨\"f
HNatPb(p,x) ÙþìøÍ6£x ׿\208Pb(p,x)Bi\ @/ôÇ ìøÍ6£x`¦
Table 1. 208Pb(p,x)Bi Relative Cross-Section.
Target Reaction Relative Cross-Section (barns)
208Pb(p,n)208Bi 0.02 ± 0.01
208Pb(p,2n)207Bi 0.07 ± 0.01
208Pb(p,4n)205Bi 0.06 ± 0.01
208Pb(p,5n)204Bi 0.8 ± 0.04
208Pb(p,6n)203Bi 0.08 ± 0.01
208Pb(p,7n)202Bi 1.32 ± 0.05
208Pb(p,8n)201Bi 1.29 ± 0.05
208Pb(p,9n)200Bi 1.04 ± 0.05
¹
1Ô¦ s\ @/ôÇ ìÍ6ø£xÒ¦`¦½¨Ùþ¡. ©@/éß&h_ lïr`¦ EXFOR_208Pb(p,x)205BiìøÍ6£x_ z´+«>°úכ 0.06 b ×þ
%
i¦ [12] EXFOR_ z´+«>°úכõ :r½¨_ z´+«>°úכ_ q\¦ s
6 x # ©@/éß&h`¦½¨ %i.
IV. ¤X N Ë + s ÇÊ Ý
c
_ ׿©\ ³ð&h r«Ñ\¦ uO[ ¦ ª$í\¦ ¸ôÇ Ê
ê Canberra _ HPGe ئl\¦ 6 x # tµ1Ï y
`¦ 8£¤&ñ %i. :r½¨\"fHNatPb(p,x)ÙþìøÍ6£x_ y
\-t Û¼&7àÔ!3 ׿\"f 208Pb(p,x)Bi\ @/ôÇ ìøÍ 6
£
x`¦ ¹1Ô¦ s\ @/ôÇ ©@/éß&h`¦ ½¨Ùþ¡. s õ\¦ ENDF/B-VI [5–7]ü< EXFOR [8–12]_ ¨îuü< q§ ìr
$ 3 %i.
:r½¨\"f 8£¤&ñôÇ ÙþìøÍ6£x ׿208Pb(p,x)BiìøÍ6£x_ ©
@
/éß&h °úכ`¦ Table 1\ ³ðr %i.200Bi\"f208Bi t
8úx 8>h_ ª$í ÙþìøÍ6£xs 8£¤&ñ÷&%3H< X:r½¨\"f SX
&ñ)a©@/éß&h ׿\"fH208Pb(p,n)202Bi\ @/ôÇ ©
@
/éß&hs © (ܼ 9208Pb(p,n)208Bi_ ©@/éß&h s
© ¤.
Fig. 2Ér 208Pb(p,n)208Bi ìøÍ6£x _ ©@/éß&h ÕªAáÔ s
. íàÔÐ ³ðr)a ÒìÂrÉr EXFOR_ z´+«> X<s'
\
¦_p 9 PresentH :r½¨\"f_ 8£¤&ñ°úכs. B. V.
Zhuravlev [8], R. F. Bentley+ [9], B. S. Flanders+ [10]_
©@/éß&hÉr 50 MeVs %%òi\"fëß 8£¤&ñ÷&%3¦ 100 Mev\"f 8£¤&ña) :r z´+«>°úכrÉ ©@/éß&sh Z}Ér â¾Ó
`
¦Ð%i. Fig. 3H208Pb(p,2n)207BiÍ6ìø£xs. :r½¨
\
"f_ ©@/éß&sh ¨î)aMENDL-2 [5]Ð 1.5 C, TENDL-2009 [6]Ð 3.4 C Z}> 8£¤&ñ÷&%3. Fig. 4H
208Pb(p,4n)205BiìøÍ6£xܼР:r½¨\"f lïr°úכܼР´ú Æ
Ò%3. R.E.Bell+_ z´+«>°úכÉr 33.8 MeV\"f 46.4 MeV
%ò
%i, C. Dep-tula+H 51.1 MeV\"f 98 MeV%ò%i\"f
>rF %i. Fig. 5H208Pb(p,5n)204BiìøÍ6£xs. s ìøÍ
Fig. 4. (Color online) 208Pb(p,4n)205Bi Relative Cross- Section.
Fig. 5. (Color online) 208Pb(p,5n)204Bi Relative Cross- Section.
6
£
x_ âĺ z´+«> ¸| 100 MeV\ "f_ ©@/éß&h ¨î
uH >rF t ·ú§¤¦, z´+«> X<s'H R. E. Bell+_ 43.2 MeV, 46.4 MeV\"fëß ©@/éß&hs >rF %i.
Fig. 6Ér 208Pb(p,6n)203Bi, 208Pb(p,7n)202Bi, 208Pb (p,8n)201Bi, 208Pb(p,9n)200Bi ìøÍ6x£s. 4>h_ ìøÍ6£x ¸
¿
º 100 MeV\"f_ 8£¤&ñ)a ©@/éß&h °úכõ ¨îu
>rF t ·ú§¤. "f Ér 8£¤&ñ°úכ x9 ¨îuü< q
§½+É ÃºH\Oܼ :r½¨\"f_ © H©@/éß&hÉr 1.32 ± 0.05 bs¦208Pb(p,7n)202BiìøÍ6£x\"f 8£¤&ñ÷&%3
.
V. + s Ç Â ] Ø
Fig. 2\"f Fig. 6Ér208Pb(p,x)Bi \_-t\ @/ôÇ ©
@
/éß&h ÕªaË>s. Fig. 2\"f Fig. 6\"f íàÔÐ ³ð r
)aÂÒìrÉr EXFOR_ z´+«>°úכs 9 z´Ü¼Ð ³ðr)aÂÒ ì
rÉr MENDL-2, TENDL-2009, 2014 [5–7] s 9 sכ Ér
Fig. 6. (Color online) 208Pb(p,6n)203Bi, 208Pb(p,7n)202 Bi, 208Pb(p,8n)201Bi, 208Pb(p,9n)200Bi Relative Cross- Section.
Ùþ
¸+þA`¦ :x # >íßôÇ ¨îu s. :r ½¨\"f 8£¤
&
ñôÇ ©@/éß&h ׿\"fH 208Pb(p,7n)202Bi_ ©@/éß
&hs 1.32 ± 0.05 bÐ © ß¼ 9 208Pb(p,n)208Bi_
©@/éß&hs 0.02 ± 0.01Ð 6£§`¦ Ð%i. 100 MeV {9
M:208Pb(p,x)208,207,205,204BiìøÍ6£x\ @/K"f ENDF/B- VI, EXFOR«Ñ >rF # q§, ìr$3s 0pxÙþ¡Ü¼
208Pb(p,x)203,202,201,200Bi ìøÍ6£x_ ©@/éß&hÉr lïrܼ
Ð [O&ñôÇ 0.06 bÐ 2 C s© H úue\¸ Ô¦½¨
¦ ENDF/B-VI, EXFOR\"f X<s' >rF t ·ú§¤
. sHª$í\¦s6 xôÇ Z}Ér\-t %ò%i\"f 8£¤&ñ)a X
<s' Ô¦Øæìr<Ê`¦ _pôÇ. "f :r ½¨\"f 8£¤
&
ñ)a õ ·ú¡Ü¼Ð ÙþìøÍ6£x ½¨ü< ÙþÖ6xË+½Ð "é¶§4 F
«
Ñ >hµ1Ï ìr_ 1px_ «Ñ ú|9\ ¸¹¡§s|¨c כ s 9. s
_p\"f :r½¨õ Bĺ _p eHõÐ Ð#
.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Choe, Phys. High Technol. 7, 2 (October, 1998).
[2] S. Lee, J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 8, 287 (2014).
[3] S. Lee, J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 7, 245 (2013).
[4] S. Lee, J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 9, 53 (2015).
[5] Yu. N. Shubin, V. P. Lunev, A. Yu. Konobeyev and A. I. Dityuk, Library MENDL Report IPPE, 1994.
[6] A. J. Koning, Talys Evaluated Nuclear Data Li- brary, TENDL-2009.
[7] A. J. Koning, Talys Evaluated Nuclear Data Li- brary, TENDL-2014.
[8] B. V.Zhuravlev, J. Bas. 62, 154 (1998).
[9] R. F. Bentley, J. D. Carlson, D. A. Lind, R. B.
Perkins and C. D. Zafiratos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1081 (1971).
[10] B. S. Flanders, R. Madey, B. D. Anderson, A. R.
Baldwin and J. W. Watson et al., Phys. Rev. C 40, 1985 (1989).
[11] R. E. Bell and H. M. Skarsgard, Can. J. Phys. 34, 745 (1956).
[12] C. Deptula, V. A. Kalkin, S. H. Kim, O. Knotek and V. A. Konov et al., Nukleonika 35, 3 (1990).