0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -0.30
-0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05
current (A)
time (min)
cur rent ( A )
time (min)
A.C 1st cycle 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-0.30 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
4.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.8
-0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05
time (min)
current (A)
cu rre n t ( A )
time (min)
CNF 1st cycle 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-0.30 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
-0.10 -0.05 0.00
current (A)
time (min)
CNT 1st cycle 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
time (min)
cu rr en t ( A )
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-0.30 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
-0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05
cu rr en t ( A )
time (min)
Carbon Aerogel 1st cycle 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th time (min)
current (A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
Q [ A x min ]
Activated Carbon Carbon Nanotube Carbon Nanofiber Carbon Aerogel
No. of cycles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
Q [ A x min ]
Activated Carbon Carbon Nanotube Carbon Nanofiber Carbon Aerogel
No. of cycles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Activated Carbon Carbon Nanotube Carbon Nanofiber Carbon Aerogel
Q [ ( A x min. ) / g ]
No. of cycles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Activated Carbon Carbon Nanotube Carbon Nanofiber Carbon Aerogel
Coulombic efficiency [%]
No. of cycles
