Effect of Body Fat on Thermophysiological Responses at a Hot Environment

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(1)~~Öë²æ *6² *4^, 2004 _\¢^a. J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.515-521(2004). ÚæO *~ã~~ NÒ>wö ~º Î. B\BÁB9?. ã§&v ~~" Effect of Body Fat on Thermophysiological Responses at a Hot Environment Hee-Eun Kim and Seong-Suk Kim Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. 7KH 3XUSRVH RI WKLV VWXG\ ZDV WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH HIIHFW RI ERG\ IDW RQ WKHUPRSK\VLRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV DQG VXE. MHFWLYH VHQVDWLRQV XQGHU KRW HQYLURQPHQW )LIWHHQ IHPDOH FROOHJH VWXGHQWV YROXQWHHUHG DV VXEMHFWV 6XEMHFWV ZHUH RUJD QL]HG LQWR WKUHH JURXSV ORZ ERG\ IDW JURXS / JURXS OHVV WKDQ RI ERG\ IDW

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(5) 516. ~~Öë²æ *6² *4^, 2004j. ç b~æO" ÚæO~ f ç® ©b rJ^ ® . ÚæOö & º 0f W~ ÞZ²f ÚÏÒ ®f ÚæO~ &W (Baecke et al., 1982)f Ó~ã ~öB ÚK, jò" _ö & ÎW~ >wö & Î" (Budd et al., 1991), 3~5^ jÿ~ jòæRB~ ÞZ²f jòæ>f~ ç&W(Eto et al., 2004), Ú*V&»" Ú Ò® Ò~ «* Nö & ç&W(Takasasi et al., 2003) ®b, Úº ZSÁ¶(1996)~ ¶ &~ ÚæO º;ö & , ÷B (1999)~ Ú;ª ~¢ * BMI, Broca, Rohrer O»~ êRªC, ;7FÁ 'F(1990)~ &Ú j2Þ " "¦ ~ jò f jò ºö & ® . ÚæO¾ G;O»jv(;²'Á ;V, 1985) 5 jòª~(f'J, 1990), ï~ã ~~ ÚN .>wö & F¯(;ÚF, 2000)f ô ®b¾, B ~ã ~~ ÚæO¾ b~æO N6'¾ ~Vê ö ~º 'Ëö & º Úææ p ®º ; . V¢B º _[ö j Îö & ôf &j &çb ÚæOö V¢ Low body fat, Medium body fat, High body fat groupb ª~ ~j OÏ ê B~ãöB~ NÒ. >wj Ò~V *~ þ j ¯~&b º ÚæO ô 'r B~ã~~ N 6'¾ ~Vêö ÚÊ 'Ëj ~º&¢ rjj ; ~j º~V * ~æj îN~º Ï' ® . 2.. þO» 5 .N. bþ¶ º Ú ; W W 15j bþ¶ F;~ &b bþ¶~ ÚæO G;f ÚæO G;» 7 Ú* V&»(OMRON î}K, HBF-302, Japan)b G;~&. . &jò²öBº 1995jö W¢ ãÖ ÚæO 25% òj >¿, 25.0~29.9%¢ ;ç, 30.0% çj jòb ~º 6;V&j B(W";, 2000)~&b öBº OMRON ÚæOêö BB ª~»ö V¢ ÚæON 20% ò bþ¶¢ &ÚæO(Low body fat group, ~ L) b, ÚæON 20ç 30%ò bþ¶¢ 7*ÚæO (Medium body fat group, ~ M)b, ÚæON 30% ç bþ¶¢ ÚæO(High body fat group, ~ H )b ª~& . bþ¶ö &Bº Ò*ö þ. 2.1.. N¢ J«~&b þö & ÿ~¢ áÚ C 2²~ þö ^&~ê ~& . W~ ÚNf úã"Vö V¢B æz~² >º Â² V Ë ;ç' W~ úã"Vö V V.ÚN Fj &V ~ úã·öB V¦ *ræº 36.7 C~~ &NV&, V ¦ ê¦8 úãç*ræº 36.7 Cç~ NV& ê³B . þf bþ¶~ ÚN n;>º V V¦V *(Ò · ê 14¢) &NVö >î . bþ¶~ ~ Ú Ò' æÿºj &Ë VB~V *~ ÿ¢ *&ö ¢&>ê þj ~&b, þ*ê 1¢ çf ² ~& .. þ~ ;{Wj ¦~8 * >*, Òï ¢;~² > êS ~& . bþ¶~ ßWf Table 1ö ¾æÚî . o. o. þ þf B~ã~ öB ~8 * 8N 32 C, Ûê 60% RH, 8~ 10 cm/sec~R .B 8ê öB. ~&b bþ¶º « ç* çËN n;F HHæ Ï ª &j*j &r . Úÿö 8º Úf ~"~ ç ^·Ï 5 Úæzº *~ ²'6¾ ®²6, *~ ï b¦N" ¦N~ æz 5 Bï" Ff &ê& ®Ú Ú~ NÒ>wj ~º êæ >æR þöBº n; 8(Pre, 20min), Úÿ8(Exercise I, 20min)f ²8(Rest I, 10 min) ê, Úÿ8(Exercise II, 20min)f ²8(Rest II, 10 min)¢ <º j J;~ ÚÿbRº Þ¾& 3.2 km/h~ ³êR 8¢ ~& . þbRº 100% bR B T-shirtf >:æ, 100%~ ·öj OÏ~& . þÊ& f Fig. 1ö ¾æÚî . 2.2.. o. 2.3. ÚNÁb¦N /; ¦NbRº çËN(Rectal Temperature, T )j G;~&b çËN G; bBö ²ë Z ª¢ 2Ö ¦ªö : ^Öj B¢ çË Ú 12 cm;ê ã« ê Bæ H*R ;V . b¦NbRº î, &Ú, :, ¶, &, Ò, B ~ 7¦*ö NêbB¢ Bæ H*R ;Î ê LT8 (Í 0.01 C, Gram Cooperation, Japan)R ¦N" b¦Nj re. o. Fig. 1. Experimental schedule.. Table 1. Physical characteristics of subjects Subject. Age (year). Weight (Kg). Height (cm). Rohrer Index. BSA (m2). Body fat (%). L Group (n=5). 23.60±1.82. 43.88±3.11. 157.10±4.48. 1.13±0.09. 1.40±0.06. 17.64±1.42. M Group (n=5). 25.40±3.65. 50.94±1.78. 161.60±3.87. 1.21±0.05. 1.52±0.05. 24.40±1.41. H Group (n=5). 24.00±5.61. 65.99±6.47. 162.80±3.39. 1.54±0.21. 1.71±0.08. 32.36±2.72.

(6) ÚæO *~ã~~ NÒ>wö ~º Î. G;, 1ª *ÏbR ³ 8S~&b ïb¦N(Mean Skin Temperature, T )f 'jNö 8 &7~R êÖ~& . sk. .{Á ;> /; .{(Blood Pressure, BP)f .{ê(Wrist Blood Pressure Meter, EW 278, Japan)¢ Ï~ 5 &.{j þ · *" ' þê& Â 6öB G;~& . ;> (Pulse Rate, PR)º Sport Tester(Polar-PE3000, Finland)~ b B¢ &Úö ¦O~ Îî8¢ ¶Ïö OÏ~ 1ª *Ïb R ³ G;~ 8S~& .. Ï~ ï, R&ÞN 5 WªN~ VF Ûêïj ÖÂ~ & t-test, ANOVA¦Ãj Û~ ¦Ã~& . 3.. 2.4.. Bï /; Bïf 6ê 1 gHæ G; &Ë ;&ÚÂ(METTLER TOLEDO MuliRange KCC 300, Germany)j ÒÏ~ þ *ê~ Ú76²ïbR G;~& . Bf ÃB~ Oö ê æ >º FÎB(:ÜB) ~ ÎÚ^ ÃB>æ pº Z ÎB(öÜB)b \ê > ® (ÂèÁçÀ, 1990). FÎ Bï ZÎBïj \ª~V *~ OÏ ~~ þ *, ê Z²¢ G;~&b, þ 7 ~Ö ff î >b

(7) j ÏVö &ö ê > Z²~ Ã&ªj G;~& . 2.5.. ~ Ú 8ê ~ Ú Vêº Thermo Recorder(TR-72S, T&D Corporation, Japan)¢ Ï~ bB¢ ¢ã o¦b¦f Ú[ ~Òö IÚ ;B 1ª *Ïb V~ ~Ú~ Nêf Ûê ¢ Ò~& . 2.6.. ö.æ ÒN ÚÿV ÿn B~ãöB~ ö.æ &ÒN 5 ~ã Ú ö "º load¢ º;~V *~ L ®~ ÚÿV ÿn~ Ö² Sïj G;~& . Ö²Sïf &R' BO G;» Duglas bag»b Breath by Breath(Quark B , Cosmed Srl, Italy)¢ ÒÏ~ ' ÚÿV ÿn Ö²îÊ¢ Ö²S ï 5 Özê² VÂïj G;~& . 2.7.. 2. 517. Ö # 8. çËN (Rectal Temperature, T ) º « 6j V&b çËN~ æz¢ ¾æÞ © . çËN~ æzº ÚæON ^ *ö F~ N(pß0.001)¢ &b PreV ·6öBº ê ÚN ~ N& ®îb¾ PreV ê>¦öº çËN 37.4 C;ê Î Ú;öB n;* 8j ¾æÚî . ©f þ·6 *ö &j*j ^² J;~ çËNj n;Êº © 7º~ º ©j ¾æÞ . 20ª*~ Ex IöBº Î çËN~ çßj &b L Mf Hö j Ã & ² ¾æÒ jL' jò çßj Hf Rest IöBê L, M jò çËN~ çßj & . Ex IIöB ^ ~ Ã&f jÝ~&b¾ Ex I~ ê>¦¦ V H~ çËNf &Ë Ôf 8j ¾æÚV ·~ þ «ò6ræ L M Ôf 8j ¾æÚî . \* ê çËN~ ^ ÷* F~Nº ÷Ú~ ªÖ8 F~ N& ¾æ¾æ p~b *Ú þ~ *' vªö V ªÖ ªCf M H, L H*ö F~N& ¾æÒ. (pß0.001). Glickman-Weiss et al.(1999)f Ôf NêöB ÚæO ôf ÎWf ÚæO 'f ÎWö j ¦Nj ¸ ² Fæ~ ö.æ &ÒN z Ô² ¾æ¾, ÚæO ' f W ÎWö j ¦Nj Fæ~V £ º ' Vã öB ÚæO ôf ÚæO 'f ~ Wbþ¶ ö & 5 Cf 27 C~ ~ãöB N>w &Ò>wj Ò ~& . \öB ÚæO ôf f ÚæO 'f ö j çËNj ¸² Fæ®b ç*~ . ¸f © b ¾æÒ . ¾ ö.æ &ÒNöBº N6j BÒ~ æ á~&b, çËNj Fæ~V * ö.æ²jö & ÚW~ 'Ëf ÚæOïö V¢ $ Wêö V¢ ² ¾ 3.1.. re. Fig. 2. o. o. o. " 6' "' 6'f N6(+4 very hot/+3 hot/+2 warm/+1 slightly 2.8.. warm/0 neutral/-1 slightly cool/-2 cool/-3 cold/-4 very cold ;. ~ ¿ê) ÛJ6(+4 very wet/+3 wet/+2 slightly ¢ [È ¿ê), ²'6(4 very. ASHRAE. wet/+1 neutral;. uncomfortable/3. uncomfortable/2. slightly. uncomfortable/1. × ~ ¿ê)(ÂèÁçÀ, 1990)~ Ïb ï &~&b þ~ ' ê& Æ rî bþ¶ö² î^~ wj V~& . comfortable;. Ûê¾Ò \öB áf ¶òº SPSS Win 10.0 Ûê*Îj 2.9.. ß. Fig. 2. Rectal temperature in 3 groups of body fat. ***p 0.001.

(8) 518. ~~Öë²æ *6² *4^, 2004j. æ¾º ©b Öæî . Þ, º*f ÚæOï~ ê¢ \ Prisby et al. (1999)~ öB ÚæOf Ó~ãö Â>îj r ¦N j Fæ~º j ©b ¾æÒ . ¾ b¦N &, &ÒNöBº ÚæO ôf bþ¶f ÚæO ' f bþ¶ö²B jÝ Ö& ¾æÒ . \ ~ Öö B ÚæO ôf f Ó~ã~öB ¦Nj ¸² Fæ ©b ¾æÒb \öB~ H~ ç*~ . W Ã& B~ãöB H~ ¦N . Ô² ¾æÂ ©b 'B .. Nê& Ô~b, ÚæO~ 6²º ²'Nê¢ * Ï»>~ Nê¢ Ã&V º \Öf ¢~ . Ex I~ b¦N Ã&N Rest I~ b¦N ~;N~ æzNf H z ² ¾æ¾ b¦Rj Û N.>wf L, M HöB z Ò ¢ÚÂ ©b 6 > ® . º $ Budd et al.(1991)~ ÚæO Ö, O, ïb¦ N~ 6²f ç* .~ Ã&Î& ®î º \Öf ¢~~& . ©f zf z®Ú Î& >&>º Ö¢ .¾~&b 3~4^ &_(,µ)ö V¢ º*ö & 6'f b ¦vþ& 1 mm jæº © ? ~& .. >¦N(Skin Temperature, T ) Fig. 3f « 6j V&b ' ~ ïb¦N~ æz ¢ ¾æÞ ©b þ *V*öB L &Ë ¸~b H &Ë Ô~ ^ *öº F~N(pß0.001)¢ & . \*ê b¦N~ ^ ÷* F~Nº Pre f Ex IöBº * F~N& ¾æ¾æ p~b Rest Iê¦V L H *(pß0.05)ö F~N&, M H~ F~Nº Ex II ~ ê>¦ö ¾æÒ (pß0.05). *Ú þ~ *' vªö V ªÖªCf M H, L H*ö F~N& ¾æÒ (pß0.001). ïb¦Nf H * þV*ÿn L, M Ôf b¦Nj Fæ~& . º Petrofsky & Lind(1975)~ ÚæO ôf bþ¶º *j ²'~² ¶¢º. .{(Blood Pressure), ;(Pulse Rate). þ * \*öB G; .{ ;j Table 2ö ¾æÚî. . .{f * ;j Û HöB &Ë ¸f 8j ¾ æÚîb Rest IöB L H *ö F~ N¢ & . &.{f * ;j Û HöB &Ë ¸f 8j ¾æÚîb Ex I\*öB M H *ö F~ N¢ & . ;öBº þ * \*j Û HöB &Ë ¸ ² ¾æÒb¾ ' *ö F~ Nº ìî . jòöB~ .{ BV*f *Ú .~ï~ Ã&, Ë Úÿ ¦~~ Ã& 5 ö..~ &W Ã& ö ~~º ©¾ \öB~ Hf Bjòb jòÃö ³~æ pj ï>»V .{~º 107.80~111.20 mmHg, ï{ËV .{~ º 70.10~72.30 mmHg º* Îv ;çº*(;ç.{->»V .{ 130 mmHgò, {ËV .{ 85 mmHg ò, ]Ë ², .{ ÿ*ö² B 5N , 1992j)ö ³~& . fB ãÁf>&(1998) \~ jò`Ú~ ÚæO ª

(9) F; .{ * öº F~' N¢ æ p~ º \Öf ¢~ . ;f çËN~ Ã&f jÝ F;j çËN Ã&~ ;ê Ã&~& .. −. 3.2.. sk. 3.3.. BRï(Sweat Rate). þ *Áê~ Ú7Nö ~ Bïj C Bï FÎ Bï, ZÎBïb ¾*Ú Fig. 4ö ¾æÚî . þ*ê ~ Ú7Nö ~ C BïöB H M Òöº F~ N& ®î . C Bïf H 265 g, M 205 g, L 207 gb ·' öBº H &Ë ôf 3.4.. ß. Fig. 3. Skin temperature in 3 groups of body fat. ***p 0.001 Table 2. Blood pressure and pulse rate in 3 groups of body fat. Body fat Period. BP(Systolic). BP(Diastolic). Pulse Rate. L Group. M Group. H Group. L Group. M Group. H Group. L Group. M Group. H Group. Pre. 104.67. 105.67. 107.80. 70.25. 69.42. 70.80. 83.75. 82.75. 82.00. Exercise I. 108.25. 109.58. 112.70. 70.42ab. 69.83a. 72.30b. 84.17. 83.67. 89.10. a. b. ab. Rest I. 101.25. 111.70. 69.50. 70.33. 71.30. 86.25. 86.00. 88.50. Exercise II. 108.92. 105.08. 108.58. 111.90. 69.58. 70.33. 70.80. 84.58. 89.00. 89.70. Rest II. 103.67. 109.00. 111.20. 69.67. 69.25. 70.10. 84.67. 84.92. 85.80.

(10) ÚæO *~ã~~ NÒ>wö ~º Î. ß. 519. ß. Fig. 4. Type of sweat rate in 3 groups of body fat. *p 0.05 **p 0.01. ©bR æò ¢ Ú7ö & 6²ïjNR ÚÚ H 0.405%, M 0.408%, L 0.466%R ¾æ¾ H &Ë Ôf jNj ¾æÚî . Þ Bïj FÎBï ZÎBïbR \ª~ ' êR jL~&j r FÎB ïf H 253.30 g, M 148.42 g, L 195.83 g, ZÎ Bïf H 12.00 g, M 56.25 g, L 11.25gîb FÎBïöBº H M *ö, L M * ö F~ N¢ ¾æÚî . *Ú Bï 7 FÎBï N æ~º jNj ÚÚ HöBº 95.48%, MöB 72.52%, LöB 94.57%R ¾æ¾ H &Ë ¸f FÎ Bï jNj & . Glickman-Weiss et al.(1999)~ \ö B ÚæO ôf Ò²f ÚæO 'f Ò²ö j º*ö z ¾ 'w~º Ö¢ " > ®îº \~ B~ã öB H~ FÎBï &Ë ô~b º ÚæO ôf Ò² z*ö 'w~V * ÚN.j &Ë ô ~º ©bR ' > ® . $ þ;öB Bï ôröê ®\~ Ex IÚÿV ê ¦N &Ë Ô f ©f ÚæObR .W Ã&~ 'Ë¢ " > ®. . ~Ú 8ê(Clothing Microclimate). þ * \*ÿn ~ Ú[öB G; ~Ú Vê¢ G ;~ ~Ú Nêº Fig. 5ö, ~Ú Ûêº Fig. 6ö ¾æ Úî . ~Ú Nêf Ûêº Îv ' *ö F~ N¢ &b ~Ú Nêº Ex IV êR L &Ë ¸² H &Ë Ôf Nê¢ ¾æî (Fig. 5). Hf Úÿ· *¦V ö j Ôf ~Ú Nê¢ &b¾ Nê~ çß ~£ ~Ú Nê æz& &Ë ô ¢ÚÒ . º H~ Bï &Ë ô~V r^¢ '> Ex IöB ~ ~Ú Nê& çß~ & ê³ Úÿ7ªöê ê>¦ö ~ £~º ©f BbR ~ Ûê& Ã&>B Nê& Ôj æº ©bR 'B . ~Ú Nê& 33 C¢ >b Úº NW Bj ¢bÊ² > r ~ Ú[ ~~ [ Û >Ú ®²6j FBÎ . ~Ú Ûêº M. Fig. 5. Change of temperature in clothes during the experiment. ***p 0.001. ß. öB &Ë ¸² ¾zb, LöB &Ë Ô² ¾æÒb¾ Ã&Nf HöB &Ë Ôf Ö¢(Fig. 6) & . FÎB ïf H, L, M BbR ·jrb¾ ~Ú Ûê & Öf ¢~~æ pº ©f ~Ú VÛ V~ 'Ë j AV ÖæR \~ >:æf T-shirtsê V~ 'Ë j Af ©bR ê . Ex IVræ Lf Ôf ~Ú Ûê¢ ¾æÚ & Ã&¢ ¾æÚîb Rest I öB¦V º Î ~Ú Ûê 65%çj ¾æÚî . ö.æ ÒN(Metabolic Rate) * þ \* 7 Ex I Ex II~ ö.æ &ÒNj Fig. 7 ö ¾æÚî . ö.æ&ÒNf Ex I, II Îv H &Ë ¸f 8j, L &Ë Ôf 8j ¾æÚîb ^ * öº F~' N¢ ¾æÚî . ö.æ &ÒNf Ú& ö .æ¢ ÒÏ~º ³ê¢ ö~ R' 9j> b¦¢ Û ~ ¶ ôjæ ©f ö.æ &ÒNj z Ã&Ê º ÚNj Fæ~V * z ôf ö.æ& jº~V r^. (;W , 2002). æ Ex \*öB H~ ö.æ 3.6.. 3.5.. o. ß. Fig. 6. Change of humidity in clothes during the experiment. ***p 0.001.

(11) 520. ~~Öë²æ *6² *4^, 2004j. &ÒN &Ë ¸² ¾æÂ ©f H~ ¶ &Ë . º ©j ~ . º ~ ÖöBf ? b¦N~ & ~, Bï~ Ã& b ÚNj FæÊV * ö.æ & Ò& &Ë B®V r^¢ 'B . Öº Prisby et al.(1999)~ 17 C~ Rbö 120ª ÿn Â>îj r~ ö.æ &Òïj Ò \öB High Fat Low Fat ~ ö.æ&Òï jÝ~ Öfº N¢ º \fº ~ãN Úÿö V Ö ê .. ~ N&, Ex IIöBº M L *ö, M H *ö F~ N& ®î . ÛJ6öBê MöB &Ë ¸f 8j ¾æÚîb Ex .öB ^ *ö F~ N& ®î . "' 6'~ ï&öB H~ wÖ& M ö j ±² ¾æÒº H N~ã Â ö j ÚN.j * Ú~ N>wj B® ~z¢ê N~ãö & "' ï&º z ±² ~º ©j r > ® î .. o. 4.. " $(Subjective Sensation) * þV* ÿn bþ¶ ï& "' 6'(N6, ² '6, ÛJ6)f Table 3 ö ¾æÚî . "' 6'b N 6f MöB * \*j Û &Ë ¸² ¾æÒb, H f Ex I, Ex IIöB B¢ Ôf 8j, Lf Rest I, Rest IIöB B¢ Ôf 8j ¾æÚî . PreVöB L M *ö F~ N& ®îb Ex I, Ex II, Rest IIöB M H *ö F~ N& ®î . ²'6öBê MöB * \*j Û &Ë ®²~² ¶¦ ©b ¾æÒb H Ex I êö * \*j Û &Ë ®²~² ¶¦ ©b ¾æÒ . Pre VöB L MÒöB F~ N& ®îb Ex I, Rest I\*öBº M H ÒöB F 3.7.. ß. Ö V. \º _[ö j Îö ôf & j &çb ÚæOö V¢ bþ¶`j & ÚæO (Low body fat , L), 7* ÚæO (Medium body fat , M), ÚæO (High body fat`, H)b \ª~ ê 5~ bþ¶ö & ~~ B~ãöB ~ NÒ' >wö & Ò¢ ~& . 32 C, 60%~ ~ãöB Z Úÿj >®j r~ çËN, b¦N, .{, Bï, ~Ú Vê, ö.æ&ÒN, N6, ²'6 ?f NÒ.>wö & Ò~& . 1. ¦Nb G; çËN~ æz¢ ÚÚ, Úÿ· ê M Lf çËN~ çßê& Hö j ¸² ¾æÒ . 2. ïb¦Nf HöB &Ë Ô² ¾æÒb¾, æz NöBº HöB z ² ¾æ¾ b¦Rj Û N .>w HöB z Ò ¾æÒ . 3. .{f .{, & .{ Îv H öB &Ë ¸² ¾æÒb LöB &Ë Ôf 8j ¾æî . Þ ;ö Bº þ * \*j Û HöB &Ë ¸² ¾æÒb¾ Exercise I Rest I öBº L M z ¸² ¾ æÒ . 4. þ*ê~ Ú7Nö ~ Bïj HöB 265 g, MöB 205 g, LöB 207 gb ¾æÒb ¢ Ú7ö & 6²ïjN ~j r H öB &Ë Ô f jNj & . *Ú Bï7 FÎï Næ~º jNj ÚÚ HöBº 95.48%, MöB 72.52 %, Lö o. ß. Fig. 7. Metabolic rate in 3 groups of body fat. **p 0.01 ***p 0.001. Table 3. Subjective sensation in 3 groups of body fat Body fat Period. Temperature sensation L Group. Pre Ex I Rest I Ex II Rest II Duncan-test a>b>c. 0.4. b. 1.9. M Group. Wet sensation. Thermal comfort. H Group. L Group. M Group. H Group. L Group. a. 1.1. 1.3. 1.6. 1.5. 1.3. a. b. 1.6 2.8. 1.7. 2.3. 2.8. 2.1. b. 2.3. M Group. H Group. a. 1.4. a. 2.1b. a. 1.5b. 1.7 2.7. 1.0. 2.0. 1.4. 1.8. 2.1. 1.8. 1.7. 2.5. a. 2.3. b. 2.5. c. 3.8. a. b. 2.8. 2.5. b. a. 3.7. 2.5b. 1.5. b. 1.8. 2.8. 1.9. 1.9. 2.4. 1.8. 1.4. 3.3. a. 2.3. 2.3.

(12) ÚæO *~ã~~ NÒ>wö ~º Î. B 94.57%bR ¾æ¾ H &Ë ¸f FÎï jNj & . 5. ~ Ú[öB G; ~Ú VêöB ~Ú Nêº LöB &Ë ¸² ¾æÒb, HöB &Ë Ô² ¾æ Ò . ~Ú Ûêº MöB &Ë ¸² ¾zb, Lö B &Ë Ô² ¾æÒb¾ Ã&Nf HöB &Ë Ôf Ö¢ & . 6. Ö²²jïj Û ö.æ²jïê HöB &Ë ¸f Ö¢ & . ©f ÚNj FæÊV * ö.æ &Ò& &Ë B~ ¶ &Ë rj r > ® . 7. "' 6'~ ï&öB H~ wÖ& Mö j Ô² ¾æÒ . H N~ã Â ö j ÚN.j * Ú~ N>wj z B® ~z¢ê N ~ãö & "' ï&º ±² ~º ©bR ¾æÒ . $Ò~ : \º ]Ò Ï'V.\(R05æöbR >¯>îr.. 2000-000-00394-0). ^^ò ;\9ÁB8êÁBÚÁB;[ÁËãÁ*«æÁ*Æ (2002) “Úÿ" Ê

(13) . Ò”. &:Ú, BÞ, pp.132-135. fBãÁf>& (1998) jò Î¶&~ jòF;ö V .7 æ î, ¶Ö ³ê 5 '·² Sï jL \. ]·²æ, 31(1), 72-79. f·ö (1997) ÚæO O~ï Úêö 'Ë. ;²æ, 35(4), 139-147. f'J (1990) jòÃ~ ª~ 5 ï&. ]·²æ, 23(5), 337240. ^>ÒÁf;*ÁnãÁfB'ÁfçVÁf>nÁ* (1997) (-)-Hydroxycitrate ¢ Ï jò W~ Ú7. *RÎ. 5 Î ï&ö \(I). ]·²æ, 30(2), 155-169. ;7FÁ'F (1990) &\Ú j2Þ " "¦ ~ jò f jòºö \. ]·²æ, 23(3), 170-178. W"; (2000) &~ Ú;ª~f Ú;æê. ã§&L &ö CÒ*¢^. ÷BÁ'¶Áß" (1997) Ú;ª~¢ * BMI, Broca, Rohrer O»~ êRªC. ]·²æ, 30(2), 195-200.. 521. ;²'Á;V (1985) ÏÎ&L ~ jò6;ê> 5 Rohrer æ>~ G~f ç~~ jL \. ÏÎL ÚG\ æ, 3(1), 41-51. ;ÚF (2000) º*ö "6 Ò²~ ÚN.>w ~F¯ÿ. ]~~²æ, 24(2), 199-204. ZSÁ¶ (1996) ¶&~ ÚæO º;ö \. ]ÚG²æ, 35(1), 202-209. bñ+ÁÀÂ-°BÁßHãÁÂ§¦ï#Á×ÎRÁ (1991) ¬ #9¨êU/+»3"19tî}è»3m¼ì¼» 9¬. ;TêeÁ¦ì ], 6, 23-29. ÀÂ-°BÁö÷ÁßHãÁÂ§¦ï#ÁËgðÁ°Ànz (1990) ¨êU/+6Vm¼ì¼»9¬3¹¹ 9ãÝ. 1¦ì¥], 7, 939-945. ÂèáÁçÀì (1990) “"¢ú"”. _¦, pp.31-40. Baecke J.A., Burema J. and Deurenberg P. (1982) Body fatness, relative weight and frame size in young adults. Br. J. Nutr., 48(1), 1-6. Bray B.A. (1987) Overweight is risking fate: definition, classification, prevalence and risks. Ann. Ny. Acad. Sci., 499, 14-28. Budd G.M., Brotherhood J.R., Hendrie A.L. and Jeffery S.E. (1991) Effects of fitness, fatness, and age on men's responses to whole body cooling in air. J. Appl. Physiol., 71(6), 2387-2393. Eto C., Komiya S., Nakao T. and Kikkawa K. (2004) Validity of the body mass index and fat mass index as an indicator of obesity in chidren aged 3~5 year. J. Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci., 23, 25-30. Glickman-Weiss E.L., Nelson A.G., Hearon C.M., Prisby R. and Caine N. (1999) Thermal and metabolic responses of women with high o o fat versus low fat body composition during to 5 C and 27 C for 120min. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 70(3), 284-288. Petrofsky J.S. and Lind, A.R. (1975) Insulative power of body fat on deep muscle temperatures and isometric endurance. J. Appl. Physiol., 39(4), 639-642. Prisby R., Glickman-Weiss E.L., Nelson A.G. and Caine N. (1999) Thermal and metabolic responses of high and low fat women to cold water immersion. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 70(9), 887891. Takasaki Y., Loy S.F. and Juergens H.W. (2003) Ethnic differences in the relationship between bioelectrical impedance and body size. J. Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci., 22, 233-235. (2004 4 28 ). j ú ¢ %>.

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