Comparative Analysis on Unit Price based on Historical Cost Data Estimating for Large and Small-scale Civil Engineering Works

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** ⦽ǎ᜽ᖅᦩᱥŖ݉ ᩑǍ᭥ᬱ ([email protected])

Received May 6 2013, Revised May 17 2013, Accepted May 21 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͶǤͳ͹Ͳ͹

ǤǤǤ

กন෹ȵ਑சવȵ׌ఢ෈ȵଲܛ૵

Hong, Sung Ho, Shin, Juyeoul, Kim, Chang Hak, Lee, Dong Wook****

Comparative Analysis on Unit Price based on Historical Cost Data Estimating for Large and Small-scale Civil Engineering Works

ABSTRACT

Historical cost data estimating system has been introduced since 2004 in the construction industry. Based on contract prices of past projects, this estimating system estimates construction cost according to work types. The Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT) announces the historical cost data twice a year annually. The unit price of a small construction project is higher than large construction project due to the increase on production cost per work unit, equipment and labor cost, etc. However, the historical cost data estimating system is applied to project estimation uniformly regardless the construction project’s size. This study compared and analyzed the historical cost data of large and small construction project to indicate the problem of historical cost date estimating system.

The study derived that the unit price of a small construction project is 21.8% higher than that of large construction project.

Key words : Standard estimating, Historical cost data estimating, Civil engineering work

Ⅹಾ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱽࠥ۵2004֥ᇡ░᯦ࠥࡽᱽࠥಽᕽ, ŝÑ᮹ᮁᔍŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞݉aෝ☁ݡಽŖ᳦ᄥ݉aෝ❭ᦦ⦹ᩍᩩᱶaĊᮥđᱶ⦹۵ႊ᜾ᯕ

݅. ᯕ్⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉a۵ๅ֥2⫭⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᨱᕽၽ⢽⦹Łᯩ݅. ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹Ŗᔍእ݉a۵᯲ᨦ݉᭥ݚᔾᔑእᬊ᷾a, ᰆእ

ၰיྕእ॒ᔢ᜚ᮝಽᯙ⧕ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍᅕ݅׳ᮥᙹၷᨱᨧ۵äᯕÕᖅŖᔍ᮹✚ᖒᯕ݅. ə్ӹᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aaŖᔍ᮹Ƚ༉᪡ྕš⦹í

᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᗭȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእaݡȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍᨱእ⧕21.8% ׳ᮡđŝaࠥ⇽ࡹᨩ݅.

áᔪᨕ ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ, ☁༊Ŗᔍ

1. ᕽು

1.1 ઴֜ଭࢼլࢫࡧୡ

ᩩᱶaĊᔑᱶႊ᜾ᨱ۵ᩍ్aḡaᯩᮝӹ, ǎaෝݚᔍᯱಽ⦹۵ĥ᧞ᨱš⦽ჶශ(ᯕ⦹, ǎaĥ᧞ჶ)᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹

Ğᬑᨱ۵ Ñ௹ᝅಡaĊႊ᜾, ᬱaĥᔑaĊႊ᜾, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ႊ᜾ ၰ čᱢႊ᜾ᮝಽ bb Ǎᇥ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ ႊ᜾ ᵲ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ႊ᜾ᮡ ᜽ᵲÑ௹ aĊᮥ ၹᩢ⦹ᩍ ᩩᔑᱩqᮥ ༉ᔪ⦹Ł, ᬱa ᫵ᗭᄥ Ḳĥŝᱶ ၰ ɝÑᯱഭ ᔾఖᮥ

֨ėěν

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Fig. 1. Research flow chart

☖⦹ᩍᱢᔑᨦྕෝeᗭ⪵⦹ʑ᭥⧕2004֥1ᬵᨱ᯦ࠥࡽႊ᜾ᮝ ಽᕽ, ŝÑ᮹ᮁᔍŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞݉aෝ☁ݡಽŖ᳦ᄥᅖ⧊݉aෝ

❭ᦦ⦹ᩍ ᩩᱶaĊᮥ đᱶ⦽݅.

ᱶᇡ᮹ᱶ₦ᱢḡᬱᮥၼᮝ໑ᝅ᜽⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእႊ᜾ᮡฯᮡ

ᰆᱱᮥḡܭၹ໕, ᩍ్aḡྙᱽᱱᮥ⧉̹ḡܩŁᯩ݅. ݡ⢽ᱢᮝ ಽŖᔍȽ༉ᨱᔢšᨧᯕᱢᬊ⦹۵ᯝශᱢᯙ݉aෝॅᙹᯩ݅.

ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍᨱ እ⧕ ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗᔍእ ݉a۵ ᗭྜྷపᮝಽ

ᯙ⦽ ᯲ᨦ ݉᭥ݚ ᔾᔑእᬊ ᷾a, ᰆእ ၰ יྕእ ॒ ᔢ᜚ᮝಽ

ᯙ⧕׳ᮥᙹၷᨱᨧ݅. ŖᔍȽ༉ᨱ঑௝ᱢᬊ݉aaݍ௝ḡ۵

äᮡÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ݡ⢽ᱢᯙ✚ᖒᯥᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Ł, ᝅᱢŖᔍእႊ᜾

ᨱᕽ۵ ᯝශᱢᮝಽ ᱢᬊࡹŁ ᯩ݅.

ə్ӹᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱݡ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹⧊ญᱢᯙᅕᱶႊᦩᮥ

vǍ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ྕᨨᅕ݅ࠥ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽŖᔍෝᙹ⧪⦹

ʑ ⯹ु ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ƚ༉(ჵ᭥)ෝ ❭ᦦ⦹Ł, ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹

ᝅᱽᝅᱢ݉aෝᔑ⇽⦹ᩍ ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡᮹₉ᯕaၽᔾ⦽

Ğᬑ ə ᬱᯙᯕ ྕᨨᯙḡෝ ᔕ⠕ᅕ۵ äᯕ ɪᖁྕᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵☁༊Ŗᔍᨱݡ⧕ᕽݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹⩥⧪

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ᩍᯕॅ

Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ₉ᯕෝ ❭ᦦ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.

1.2 ઴֜ଭࢺ࣑

1 ŝzᮡᱩ₉ෝÑℱᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ℌṙ, 100ᨖᬱ᭥ᵝ᮹

ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱš⦽⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰʑᵡᮥ⦽ǎÕᖅ ʑᚁᩑǍᬱ᮹ݕݚᯱ᪡໕ݕᮥ☖⧕❭ᦦ⦽݅. ݡ·ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱ

ݡ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵࠺ᯝ⦽ᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰ

ʑᵡᮥ ᱢᬊ⧕᧝อ ⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

ࢹṙ, ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ ᔑ⇽⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ 2009֥

ၽᵝࡽ 10ᨖ ᬱ ၙอ᮹ ᗭȽ༉ ᬱࠥɪ ᱥྙŖᔍ᮹ ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ

ၰšಉᯱഭ(᜽ႊᕽ, ✚ᙹĥ᧞᳑Õ॒)ෝᙹḲ⦹Łᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱢᱶ ᖒᮥá☁⦽݅. ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ၽ⢽۵ๅ֥2⫭ᯕ൉ᨕḥ݅.

ᨕਁ⦽Ŗ᳦᮹݉aᨱݡ⧕ᕽ6}ᬵᯕԕᨱ3}ᯕᔢ᮹ᱶᔢߑᯕ

░

¹⁾

a ⪶ᅕࡹ໕ ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽ ᔑ⇽ᮥ ⦹í ࡹ໑, ݚ⧕ ၹʑ᮹

ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽၽ⢽ࡽ݅. ݅อᝁȽ⧎༊᮹Ğᬑᨱ⦽⧕ᕽᱶᔢߑᯕ

░᮹ᙹa3}ၙอᯙĞᬑᨱ۵⧕ݚ6}ᬵᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᯕᱥ18}ᬵʭ ḡ᳑ᔍࡽᱶᔢߑᯕ░ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ᳑ᔍၰᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ ᔑ⇽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ ᳑ᔍ

ၰᇥᕾʑeᮡᔍᝅᔢ18}ᬵᯕ௝⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ə్ӹݡᇡᇥ᮹

ᩢᖙᱥྙÕᖅᨦℕ۵Ŗᔍa᪥Ŗࡽᯕ⬥1֥ᯕḡӽŖᔍ᮹ᯱഭෝ

ᅕš⦹ʑᅕ݅۵ ⠱ʑ⦹۵ Ğ⨆ᯕ v⦹݅. ᯕಽ ᯙ⧕ ᅙ ᩑǍ۵

1) ⧕ݚŖ᳦᮹ᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉aa±25% ᯕԕᯙᯱഭᯕŁ, ⢽ᵡŖ

᳦᮹ ʑᵡ݉a ݡእ ᖅĥ݉aa ±15% ᯕԕᯙ ᯱഭෝ ั⦽݅.

እ᳑ᔍၰᇥᕾʑeᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩍᇥᕾᮥḥ⧪⦽݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵

᳑ݍℎ ӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)ෝ ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ 2009֥ ၽᵝࡽ ŖŖŖᔍ᮹

Ŗᔍɩᧂᯕ໦ʑࡽᖅĥԕᩎᕽၰšಉᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡

zᮡ ᱩ₉ෝ ☖⧕ ᙹḲࡽ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ᮹ ᱢᱶᖒᮥ ↽᳦ᱢᮝಽ

á☁⦹ᩍ ᯱഭ᮹ ᝁ഑ᖒᮥ ⪶ᅕ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᖬṙ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽ᮥ᭥⧕⦥᫵⦽⦥ᙹᯱഭᯙĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ

ᙹḲ⦽݅. ᯕෝ᭥⧕, ᳑ݍℎӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)ෝáᔪ⦹ᩍ2009֥

ŖŖᬱࠥɪŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ⧕ݚᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱॅಽᇡ░ᙹ Ḳ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵⧕ݚŖ᳦᮹ᖅĥ݉a

ݡእĥ᧞݉aa±25% ᯕԕᯕŁ, ⢽ᵡŖ᳦᮹ʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ

݉aa±15% ᯕԕᯙᱶᔢߑᯕ░a3}ᯕᔢ⦥᫵⦹݅. ə్အಽ

⧕ݚŖᔍෝᙹ⧪⦽ᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱ᮹ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ ᨧᯕ۵ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹۵äᮡᇩa܆⦹݅. ə్ӹĥ᧞ԕᩎ ᕽ۵ݚ⧕Ŗᔍ᮹᯦ₑ݉a(ĥ᧞݉a)a໦᜽ࡹᨕᯩᨕݡℕᱢᮝಽ

ᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱa᫙ᇡᨱŖ}⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕݡ᫙ᮁ⇽ᯕ

ᨥĊ⯩ᱽ⦽ࡹᨕᯩ۵ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝᙹḲ⦹ʑ۵ๅᬑ⯹ॅᙹၷᨱ

ᨧ݅. ঑௝ᕽĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝᙹḲ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽᱥྙÕᖅᨦℕ᮹ᱢɚ ᱢᯙ ⩲᳑a ⦥᫵⦹݅.

֘ṙ, ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ, ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ, ĥ᧞᳑Õ॒ᙹḲࡽŖᔍእᯱഭ

ෝၵ┶ᮝಽ ၙญ ❭ᦦࡽ⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰ ʑᵡᨱ

঑௝ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᇥᕾ⦽݅. ੱ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉a Ḳᨱ໦᜽ࡽŖ᳦໦ŝ݉aᱶ᮹ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ᳦⧊ᱢᮝಽ❱݉⦹ᩍ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aḲᨱᙹಾࡹᨕᯩ۵Ŗ᳦ŝ࠺ᯝ᳑Õ᮹ᗭȽ༉

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ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእอᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩍᔢ⪙እƱ⦽݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕ

እ ₉ᯕᮁྕෝ ᇥᕾ⦹Ł əᬱᯙᮥ ݉a᪡ ᱢᬊŖ᳦⊂໕ᨱᕽ

ᔕ⠕ᅙ݅.

2. ᖁ⧪ᔍಡၰʑ᳕ᩑǍᇥᕾ

Kim et al. (2010)ᮡᝅᱢŖᔍእa10ᨖᬱᯕᔢ᮹ŖŖÕᖅŖ ᔍᨱᱢᬊࡹŁᯩᮝအಽ, 10ᨖᬱၙอ᮹ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ, ᱥྙŖᔍ, ᅕᙹၰᮁḡšญŖᔍ॒᮹ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦹ᩍ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽

ႊ᜾ᮥᱢᬊ⦹íࢁĞᬑ, Ŗᔍᝅ⧪ɩᧂᯕĥ᧞ɩᧂᯕᔢᮝಽ

᷾aࡹ۵Ğᬑaၽᔾ⧁ᙹၷᨱᨧᮭᮥḡᱢ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్အಽ

10 ᨖᬱၙอ᮹Ŗᔍᨱᕽ۵ᝅᱢ݉aᨱݡ⦽ᅕᱶᯕ⦥᫵⦹໑

ᯕෝᅕᱶ⧁ᙹᯩ۵݉aᅕᱶ༉ߙᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ə్ӹᔍᬊࡽ

ᩢ⨆ĥᙹॅᮡ ᝅᱽ sᮥ ᇥᕾ⦽äᯕᦥܩ௝ ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ ☖⦽

᮹čᨱ ݡ⦽ ⫭ȡᇥᕾsᮝಽ ᱶ⪶ࠥ ໕ᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ ਉᨕḥ݅Ł

ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵ ᙹฯᮡ Ŗ᳦ᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕᲙ ᯩᮝ໑, Ŗ᳦ bb᮹ ᖒĊ ੱ⦽ ࠺ᯝ⦹ḡ ᦫᦥ ᯝශᱢᯙ ᱢᬊᮥ ⦹۵

ߑ۵ ྕญa ᯩ݅.

Kang et al. (2006)ᮡᮁᔍȽ༉᮹Ŗ᳦ᮝಽǍᖒࡽᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ ᨱݡ⦽ᔍಡᯱഭෝᔑ⇽⦹ᩍ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩŝᝅᱢŖᔍእᱢᔑႊ᜾᮹

ŖᔍእእƱᇥᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕভ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮥᯕᬊ⦽Ŗᔍእᅕ

݅ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔍᬊ⦽ĞᬑŖᔍእa޵ᬒⓍíӹ᪅۵Ğᬑ᪡

ᱢíӹ᪅۵ Ğᬑෝ ӹ٥ᨕ ə ᬱᯙᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

KICT (1998) ᨱ঑෕໕ᝅᱢŖᔍእᅕᱶᨱ۵Ŗᔍ᜽ʑ, ḡᩎ₉, Ƚ༉₉ᨱ঑௝ᅕᱶᯕ⦥᫵⦹݅Ł⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹᅕᱶᮥ⧕᧝

⦹۵Ǎℕᱢᙹ⊹ၰႊჶᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᯱᖙ⯩ᨙɪ⦹ḡᦫŁᯩ݅.

Ha et al. (2008)ᮡᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵᫵ᗭෝ

Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍəᵲྜྷపᨱ঑ෙᅕᱶĥᙹᔑ⇽ᮥᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅. ☁༊ᇥ᧝

48}Ŗᱶᨱݡ⦽ᝅᱢ݉aᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹ᩍᯕᨱݡ⦽T-test᮹

☖ĥᇥᕾᮥḥ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. T-test ☖ĥᇥᕾđŝᮁ᮹ᖒᯕᯩ݅Ł

❱݉ࡽ10}Ŗ᳦ᨱݡ⦹ᩍྜྷపᨱ঑ෙᅕᱶĥᙹෝᔑ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.

ə్ӹᯕ్⦽ႊ᜾ᮡŖ᳦ᄥ✚ᖒၹᩢၰᱶ⪶ࠥ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᳬḡอ

ྜྷపᨱ঑ෙŖ᳦ᄥᅕᱶĥᙹ᮹ᔑ⇽ᯕ⯹ॅᐱอᦥܩ௝ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍᨱ ݡ⦽ ᱥၹᱢᯙ ✚ᖒᮥ ၹᩢ⦹ḡ ༜⦹۵ ྙᱽᱱᯕ ᯩ݅.

Jun and Choi (2005)ᮡŖᔍ᮹Ƚ༉ᨱ঑௝Ŗᔍእ᮹⠙₉ෝ

ᅕᱶ⦹۵ႊ᜾ᮝಽࠥɪɩᧂŝᝅ⧪ɩᧂᮥᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ₉ᯕၽᔾᮥ

ᮁၽ⦹۵ᄡᙹෝᇥᕾ⦹Łᯕෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍbŖ᳦ᄥŖᔍእᔑᱶ

༉⩶ᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. ə్ӹŖ᳦ᄥ⦹᭥ᇥඹŖ᳦ᮡๅᬑ݅᧲⦹í

ᇥඹa ࡹ໑ ᯕ ੱ⦽ b Ŗ᳦ᄥ ᖒĊᯕ ݅᧲⦹݅. ঑௝ᕽ ༉ु

Ŗ᳦᮹ᖒĊᮥ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ۵⯹ॅ໑, ᭥᮹ᩑǍ۵Ŗ࠺ᵝ┾ᮥၵ┶ᮝ ಽ ⦽ äᮝಽ ÕᖅŖᔍᨱ ᯝၹ⪵᜽┅ʑᨱ۵ ྕญa ᯩ݅.

᭥ᨱᕽᅕ۵ၵ᪡zᯕᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱݡ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᱢᬊᨱ

ݡ⦹ᩍᩍ్aḡᩑǍaᯩᨩᮝӹ, ݉a᪡۵Ḣᱲᱢᮝಽᩑšᖒᯕ

ᨧ۵ᖅྙ᳑ᔍႊ᜾, ੱ۵ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝၵ┶ᮝಽ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕

đŝsᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩍᅕᱶĥᙹෝᔑ⇽⦹۵ႊ᜾, ੱ۵⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩႊ᜾

ŝ᮹ እƱෝ ☖⦽ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ݉a᮹ ᳑ᱶ ॒ᯕ ݡᇡᇥᯕᨩ݅.

঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ᩍᯕॅŖᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ₉ᯕ

ෝ ❭ᦦ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.

3. ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱽࠥ⩥⫊

3.1 ਓୡվॷण୪ܑ෮จ

ŖŖŖᔍ᮹ᩩᱶaĊ᯲ᖒႊჶᮡⓍíᬱaĥᔑႊ᜾ŝᝅᱢŖ ᔍእႊ᜾ᮝಽǍᇥࡽ݅. ᬱaĥᔑႊ᜾ᮡᱶᇡၽe⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ

²⁾

ᮥ

aෝᔑ⇽⦽݅. ᯕ౨íᔑ⇽ࡽᯝ᭥ݡa᪡ŖᔍྜྷపᮥŒ⦹ᩍḢᱲ Ŗᔍእෝᔑᱶ⦹Ł, eᱲŖᔍእ, ᯝၹšญእ, ᯕᮅᮥᇡa⧉ᮝಽ៉

ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ ᩩᱶaĊᮥ ᯲ᖒ⦹۵ ႊ᜾ᯕ݅.

ၹ໕, ᝅᱢŖᔍእaĊႊ᜾ᮡᮁᔍᔍᨦᨱᕽ⇵⇽ࡽᝅᱢ݉a(ๅ

֥2⫭⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᨱᕽၽ⢽)ᨱŖᔍྜྷపᮥŒ⦹ᩍḢᱲ Ŗᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹Ł, eᱲŖᔍእ, ᯝၹšญእ, ᯕᮅᮥᇡa⧉ᮝಽ៉

ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ᩩᱶaĊᮥ᯲ᖒ⦹۵ႊ᜾ᯕ݅. ݅อ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱢᬊ ݡᔢŖᔍ௝⧁ḡ௝ࠥᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ, ᱥྙŖᔍ, ᅕᙹၰᮁḡšญ

Ŗᔍ, Õྜྷ᮹᷾⻰}⇶Ŗᔍ, ᅖ⧊Õ⇶᜽ᖅྜྷ॒ᮡၽᵝℎᯕ}ᄥᱢ ᮝಽ ᱢᬊᩍᇡෝ đᱶ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᯕ2004֥ᔢၹʑÕᖅŖᔍᝅᱢŖᔍእ

ᱢᬊŖ᳦ၰ݉aෝၽ⢽⦽ᯕ⬥, ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱢᬊŖ᳦᮹ᙹ۵

ๅ֥ḡᗮᱢᮝಽ⪶ݡࡹᨕ᪵݅. 2010֥⦹ၹʑʭḡ☁༊Ŗᔍ᮹

ᔍ᮹Ŗ᳦320}(18.5%), ⧎อŖᔍ᮹Ŗ᳦122}(7.1%)}ᨱݡ⦽

ᝅᱢŖᔍእaᔑ⇽ࡹᨕⅾ1,726}᮹Ŗ᳦ᯕᝅᱢŖᔍእᨱᱢᬊࡹ

Łᯩ݅. ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱢᬊŖ᳦ᵲ☁༊ŖᔍŖ᳦ᯕ݅ᙹෝᯕ൉Ł

ᯩᮝ໑, ᯕ᪡ zᮡ Ğ⨆ᮡ ๅ֥ ᮁḡࡹŁ ᯩ݅.

ᝅᱢ݉a᮹ ᄡ࠺ශᮥ ᳑ݍℎᯕ ၽ⢽⦹۵ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ḡᙹෝ

⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᔕ⠕ᅕ໕Table 1ŝz݅

³⁾

. 2004֥ᔢၹʑ↽Ⅹಽၽ⢽ࡽ

220 }Ŗ᳦ᵲ206}Ŗ᳦ᨱݡ⧕ᕽᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aෝ2010֥

2)⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮡŖ᳦ᄥಽ⢽ᵡᱢᯕŁᅕ⠙ᱢᯙŖჶᮝಽŖ᳦ᮥᙹ⧪⦹۵ ߑᗭ᫵ࡹ۵ᰍഭప, יྕప, ᰆእ᯲ᨦ܆ಆᮥᙹ⊹ಽ⢽⩥⦹Ł, ᔑ⇽᳑

Õ(᯲ᨦ᳑Õ)ᮥ ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅.

3) ᳑ݍℎᨱᕽ۵↽Ⅹᝅᱢ݉aᯙ2004֥ᔢၹʑⅾ220}Ŗ᳦ᨱݡ⦽

ᩑࠥᄥ⠪Ɂ݉a᪡əᯕ⬥ၽeࡽᩑࠥᄥᝅᱢ݉a᮹⠪Ɂ⊹ෝእƱ⦹

ᩍ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ḡᙹಽ ໦⋎⦹ᩍ ᱽŖ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

(4)

Table 1. Comparative analysis of historical unit price between first half of 2004yr. and latter of 2010yr

First half of 2004yr. Latter half of 2010yr. Variation rate Total items Items Total price Average price Total items Items Total price Average price (%)

Civil eng. work 111 111 5,332,476 48,040 834 111 5,754,491 51,842 7.91%

Architecture work 73 66 2,537,184 38,442 572 66 2,548,412 38,612 0.44%

Mechanical work 36 29 1,424,964 49,136 320 29 1,359,690 46,885 -4.58%

Total 220 206 9,294,624 45,120 1,726 206 9,662,593 46,906 3.96%

ᔢၹʑ݉a᪡እƱ⦽đŝᨱ঑෕໕, əᔍᯕ݉a᮹ᄡ࠺ᯕ݅ᙹ

ᯩᨩḡอđŝುᱢᮝಽ۵☁༊Ŗᔍ7.91% ᔢ᜚, Õ⇶Ŗᔍ0.44%

᷾a, ʑĥŖᔍ-4.58%ಽ⦹௞⦹ᩡ݅. 206}Ŗ᳦᮹⠪ɁᝅᱢŖᔍ እᄡ࠺ශᮡᇩŝ3.96%ಽᕽ2004֥ᔢၹʑ᪡ⓑ₉ᯕaᨧ۵

äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.

ੱ⦽ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ḢᱲŖᔍእ᮹aĊᄡ࠺ᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹۵ÕᖅŖᔍ እḡᙹ

⁴⁾

ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᝅᱢŖᔍእa↽Ⅹಽၽ⢽ࡽ2004֥ᇡ░᮹

ÕᖅŖᔍྜྷaᔢ᜚ශᮥᔕ⠕ᅕ໕, 2005֥7ᬵᮥ100ᮝಽ⧁ভ, 2004 ֥9ᬵ᮹ÕᖅŖᔍእḡᙹ۵99ᯕᨩ݅aๅ֥᷾a⦹ᩍ2010

֥9ᬵᨱ۵134.5ෝᅕᯕŁᯩ݅. 2010֥9ᬵ᮹ÕᖅŖᔍእḡᙹ۵

2004 ֥9ᬵᨱእ⧕ྕಅ35.5a᷾a⦹ᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽ206}Ŗ᳦᮹

ᝅᱢ݉a⠪Ɂᄡ࠺ශᯙ3.96%۵2004֥ᇡ░2010֥ʭḡ᮹ྜྷa ᔢ᜚ශᅕ݅ࠥ ᱢᮡ sᯕ௝ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

3.2 ֝ٛ૤ਓୡվॷण࣪୨ࢺਐ 3.2.1 ֝ٛਓୡվॷण࣪୨ࢺਐ

⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᨱᕽၽ⧪⦹۵ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aḲ᮹ⅾ⊺ᨱ

঑෕໕ ݅ᮭŝ zᮡ Ğᬑ ⧁᷾ᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ℌṙ, ɝಽ᜽eᮥჸᨕӽ᜽e᫙, ᧝eၰ⮕ᯝ᮹ɝྕaᇩa⦝

⦽Ğᬑᨱ۵יྕእᨱݡ⧕ᕽ⧁᷾ᮥᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ໦᜽⦹Ł

ᯩ݅. ɝಽ᜽e ᫙ ɝྕᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ ɝಽʑᵡჶ ᱽ50᳑, ᱽ56᳑,

ᮁ⧕᭥⨹᯲ᨦᯙĞᬑᔑᨦᦩᱥᅕÕჶᱽ46᳑ᨱᱶ⦹۵ၵᨱ঑௝

יྕእෝ ⧁᷾⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

ࢹṙ, ⩥ᰆᩍÕᨱ঑௝ᕽיྕእ᮹⧁᷾ᮥᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ

໦᜽⦹Łᯩ݅. Ǒ᯲ᱥḡǍԕᨱᕽ᯲ᨦ܆ශᨱ⩥ᱡ⦽ᱡ⦹ෝaᲙ

᪍ভ۵יྕእෝ20%ʭḡ⧁᷾⧁ᙹᯩᮝ໑, ࠥᕽḡǍ(ᅙ☁ᨱᕽ

ᯙಆ࠺ᬱ❭č᜽), Ŗ⧎(ʡ⡍, ʡ⧕, ᱽᵝŖ⧎॒ᨱᕽ1ᯝእ⧪ʑ

ᯕ₊ය⬀ᙹ20⫭ᯕᔢ) ၰࠥಽ}ᖅᯕᇩa܆⦽ᔑᦦḡᩎᨱᕽ۵

יྕእෝ 50%ʭḡ ⧁᷾⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

4) ÕᖅŖᔍᨱ⚍᯦ࡹ۵ᰍഭ, יྕ, ᰆእ॒᮹ᯱᬱ॒᮹ḢᱲŖᔍእෝ

ݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ǎᮡ⧪᮹ᔑᨦᩑš⢽᪡ᔾᔑᯱྜྷaḡᙹ, ݡ⦽Õᖅ⩲⫭᮹

Ŗᔍᇡྙ᜽ᵲיᯥᯱഭ॒ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᯲ᖒࡽaŖ☖ĥಽÕᖅŖᔍ

ḢᱲŖᔍእ᮹ aĊᄡ࠺ᮥ ⊂ᱶ⦹۵ ḡᙹᯕ݅.

ᖬṙ, Ŗᔍ᮹Ŗʑෝ฿⇵ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ⇵aᱢᮝಽၽᔾ⦹íࡹ۵

᯲ᨦᨱݡ⧕ᕽיྕእ᮹⧁᷾ᮥᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ໦᜽⦹Łᯩ݅.

PERT/CPM Ŗᱶĥ⫮ᨱ᮹⦽Ŗʑᔑ⇽đŝᱶᔢ᯲ᨦ(ᱶᔢŖʑ) ᮝಽ۵ᇩa܆⦹ᩍ᧝e᯲ᨦᮥ⧁ĞᬑӹŖᔍᖒḩᔢᇡाᯕ᧝e

᯲ᨦᮥ⦹ᩍ᧝⧁Ğᬑᨱ۵יྕእෝ25%ʭḡ⧁᷾⧁ᙹᯩ݅.

֘ṙ, Ŗᔍ⩥ᰆ᮹ḡᖙᨱ঑௝ᕽ᯲ᨦᨱݡ⦽ӽᯕࠥaݍ௝ḡʑ

ভྙᨱᯕᨱݡ⦹ᩍ᳑Õᨱ঑ෙיྕእ⧁᷾ᮥᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ

໦᜽⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

݅ᖐṙ, Ŗᔍaḥ⧪ࡹ۵׳ᯕᨱ঑௝ᕽ᯲ᨦ᮹ӽᯕࠥaݍ௝ḡ ໑᭥⨹ᖒࠥ᷾a⦹íࡽ݅. ə్အಽŁᗭ᯲ᨦᨱ঑௝יྕእෝ

⧁᷾⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ໦᜽⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑, ḡ⦹Ŗᔍ᮹ Ğᬑᨱࠥ ḡ⦹

4m ᯕ⦹ ᯲ᨦ᮹ Ğᬑ יྕእ᮹ 10%ෝ ⧁᷾⦹ࠥಾ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᯕ᫙ᨱᝅᱢ݉aŖ᳦ᄥಽᙹపᨱ᮹⦽Ğᬑ, ᰆᗭၰḡᖙᨱ

᮹⦽Ğᬑ॒݉aᱶ᮹ᨱᄥࠥ᮹⧁᷾ᯕʑᰍaࡹᨕᯩ݅໕ᱢᬊᮥ

⦹ࠥಾ⦹Łᯩ݅. ⦹ḡอǎԕᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᅕᱶႊ᜾ᮡᯝၹ⪵ࡽ

ᱢᬊ᜽ᜅ▽ᯕ ᦥܩ௝, Ŗ᳦ᄥಽ ✚ᱶ ᳑Õᨱ ⦽⦹ᩍ ᱢᬊ⧁ ᙹ

ᯩ۵ᱽ⦽ᱢᯙᅕᱶႊ᜾ᯕ݅. ᷪ, ᅕᱶ⧎༊ᯕᱶ᮹ࡹᨕᯩ۵Ŗ᳦ᨱ ᕽอᅕᱶᯕa܆⦹໑, ᅕᱶ⧎༊ᯕᱶ᮹ࡹḡᦫᦹᮝӹᅕᱶᯕ⦥᫵

⦽ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᱢᬊ᜽┍ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᅕᱶႊ᜾ᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵݅.

3.2.2 ֝૤ਓୡվॷण࣪୨ࢺਐ

ၙᮂǑ᮹ĞᬑMILCONᔍᨦᮥḥ⧪⦹۵ߑᯩᨕᕽʑ⫮ᨱᕽᇡ

░᜽Ŗ᜽᮹ᄡĞᮥ⡍⧉⦽༉ु݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹ᔍᨦŖᔍእᔑᱶ, á☁, ᜚ᯙ, ᯱྙᨦྕ۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽŖᄲݡᔑ⦹bḡᇡ⎵ᜅ✙

ᨵḡܩᨕยᇡᇥԕᨱᕽ᳦ᔍ⦹۵⎵ᜅ✙ᨵḡܩᨕᨱ᮹⧕ᙹ⧪ࡽ

݅. ᯕ్⦽Ŗᔍእ۵ᔍᨦⅩʑᨱ۵➉్ๅ✙ฎ(Parametric)

⁵⁾

༉ߙ ŝzᮡ}ᔑčᱢ(Preliminary Cost Estimating)ᯕᙹ⧪ࡹ໑, ᔍᨦ

ḥ⧪ᨱ঑௝ᖙᇡᱢᯙᖅĥᱶᅕੱ۵⧊ญᱢaᱶᯕ⪶ᅕaࢁ

Ğᬑᨱ۵ᔢᖙčᱢ(Detail Estimating) ႊ᜾ᮥᔍᬊ⦽݅. čᱢᮥ

ᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦽ߑᯕ░ᄁᯕᜅ᮹Ǎ⇶ᨱᯩᨕᕽǎaʑšᯕᔑᱶ⦹

5)➉్ๅ✙ฎčᱢᮡŝÑᝅᱢŖᔍእߑᯕ░ᄁᯕᜅ, ᜽ŖᝅྕĞ⨹, ᨵḡܩᨕยၰ᜽Ŗʑᚁ॒ᨱᕽ⇵⇽ࡽ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᔍᨦእđᱶᯙᯱ(➉

్ၙ░)ෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ᗱᛞí Ⅹʑ ᔍᨦᩩᔑ Ƚ༉ ᔑᱶᨱ ࠥᬡᯕ ࢁ

ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ⦽ ᯱ࠺⪵ࡽ ᱥᔑ čᱢ ႊ᜾ᯕ݅.

(5)

Fig. 2. Collection process for cost data

ʑࠥ ⦹ḡอRSMeans᪡zᯕၝeᔑᱶʑšᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹ᩍ⧊ญᱢ

Ŗᔍእ ᔑ⇽ᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ ᅕ݅ ~šᱢᯙ ᱶᅕෝ ᔑ⇽ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ŝᱶᮥ☖⧕ᕽŖᔍ᮹Ƚ༉, ᖒĊ, ✚ᖒ॒ᨱ঑ෙ⧊ญᱢ

Ŗᔍእෝ ᭥⦽ Ŗᔍእ ᅕᱶᯕ a܆⦹݅.

⋹ญ⡍ܩᦥࠥಽƱ☖ǎ᮹ĞᬑCALTRANS ᔍᨦᮥᙹ⧪⦹۵ ߑᯩᨕᕽᔍᨦḥ⧪༉ु⥥ಽᖙᜅᨱᯩᨕᕽ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᨵḡܩᨕෝ

ࢱᨕᔍᨦእෝḡᗮᱢᮝಽčᱢ⦹ࠥಾ⦹Łᯩ݅. ੱ⦽⥥ಽ᱾✙

ๅܩᱡෝࢱᨕb݉ĥᄥᔍᨦእෝá☁·᜚ᯙ⦹໑, PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)ʑჶᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᵝʑᱢᮝಽ

ĥ⫮ࡽᩩᔑᗭእ᪡ᝅᱽᗭእෝእƱ⦹ࠥಾ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹ

CALTRANS᮹Ğᬑᨵḡܩᨕčᱢ᮹ᇡᱶ⪶ᖒᮥḡᱢ⦹Łᯩᮝ ໑, b⥥ಽ᱾✙᮹Łᮁ✚ᖒᮥᱢɚၹᩢ⦹ࠥಾǭᰆ⦹Łᯩ݅.

ə௹ᕽ ྜྷaᄡ࠺, Ʊ☖ᔢ⫊, ᯲ᨦ᮹ Ƚ༉, ᱲɝᖒ, ḡญᱢ ᭥⊹

॒ ⧕ݚᄡᙹ᮹ Ǎℕᱢ sᮡᦥܩḡอ ᯦ₑaĊᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⋁

ᙹᯩ۵ᄡᙹॅᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩍ⎵ᜅ✙ᨵḡܩᨕಽ⦹ᩍɩᯕᨱݡ⦽

ᱢɚᱢᯙ Łಅ᪡ ᱢᬊᮥ ǭᰆ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᩢǎࠥಽŖᔍ(Highway Agency)ᨱᕽၽᵝ⦹۵ŖᔍॅᮡECC (Engineering and Construction Contract) ෝʑၹᮝಽⅩʑ݉ĥ ᇡ░᜽Ŗᔍaₙᩍ⦹۵ႊ᜾ᯕᱢᬊࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ɩᧂၰᖒĊᨱ

঑௝ᕽၽᵝ⩶᜾ᯕӹ٥ᨕḥ݅. bb᮹ၽᵝ⩶᜾ᨱ঑௝ᕽᖙᇡᱢ ᯙᔍᨦᩩᔑʑ⫮ၰᩩᱶaĊᔑ⇽ႊ᜾ᯕݍ௝ḡŁᯩᮝӹᯝၹᱢ ᮝಽࠥಽÕᖅŖᔍ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᨱᕽᔍᨦᩩᔑᮡ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᨱḡ໦ࡽ

ݡญᯙ(Employer’s Agent)

⁶⁾

ᨱ᮹⧕ᔑᱶࡹ໑ݡญᯙᯕᱽŖ⦽

ᩩᔑᮥࠥಽŖᔍԕ᮹QS❡ᨱᕽŝÑᙹ⧪ࡽ⥥ಽ᱾✙ၰᝅᱽŖᔍ እ ᯱഭෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ á☁⦹í ࡽ݅.

ᯝᅙ᮹Ğᬑ᜽ŖȽ༉, ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ, ྜྷaᄡ࠺, ᖅĥᄡĞ॒ᨱ঑ෙ

6) ᩢǎࠥಽŖᔍaݡญḲ⧪⦹Łᯩ۵ᔍᨦእ᮹ᩩᔑᮡԊᖙᯱॅᯕԊᇡ

⦽ᖙɩᯕအಽ, ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᩩᔑḲ⧪ၰᔍᨦᖅ໦ᮥ᭥⧕Public Inquiry (ݡᵲॅ᮹᮹čᙹಕŝᱶ)ෝ↽ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽÑ⊹íࡽ݅. ᯕᨱݡ⦽⪶ᱶ

ᮡ DfTa đᱶ⦹í ࡽ݅.

ᅕᱶᨱݡ⧕ᕽĥᙹੱ۵ḡ⋉ᮥᱶ⧕״Łᯩᮝ໑, ੱ⦽ḡᩎᄥ

ᅕᱶᮥ ᭥⧕ ⧪ᱶǍᩎ ᄥಽ ᄥࠥ᮹ ʑᵡ݉aෝ ᱽ᜽⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

᜽ŖȽ༉ᨱ঑ෙᅕᱶ᮹Ğᬑ, ᜽ᰆ݉a۵⧕ݚŖ᳦᮹⢽ᵡᱢᯙ

᜽ŖȽ༉ෝᱶ⦹ᩍ᜽ᰆ݉aෝᔑ⇽⦹ʑভྙᨱ ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹

ĞᬑŖ᳦ᨱ঑௝ᱶ⦽aᔑᮉᮥŒ⦹ᩍ݉aෝࠥ⇽⦽݅. ᜽ŖȽ༉

a᯲ᮥᙹಾ᯲ᨦᬱᯕ⩥ᰆ᯲ᨦᨱᯖᙺ⧕ḡʑᱥᨱ᯲ᨦᯕ᪥ഭࡹ

ʑভྙᨱ⬉ᮉᯕӹ዁ḡʑভྙᯕ݅. ၹ໕ŖᔍȽ༉ᨱ঑ෙྜྷప᮹

₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᇡᇥᮡŁಅ⦹Łᯩḡᦫ݅. ᯲ᨦ᳑Õᨱ঑ෙᅕᱶ᮹

Ğᬑ ᜽Ŗᯕ ᜽e᮹ ᱽ᧞ᮥ ၼ۵ Ğᬑ(᯲ᨦ᜽eᯕ Ṉᮡ Ğᬑ),

᧝e᯲ᨦ, ǖᮡ℁ɝᮥᔍᬊ⦹۵Ğᬑᅕᱶᯕa܆⦹݅Ł໦᜽⦹Ł

ᯩ݅. ə్ӹᖙᇡᱢᯙᅕᱶ⊹۵ᱶ⦹Łᯩḡᦫ݅. ྜྷaᄡ࠺ᨱ

঑ෙᅕᱶ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵᜽ᰆ݉aෝ3}ᬵษ݅᳑ᔍෝ⦹Łᯩᮝအಽ

ᯕᨱྜྷaᄡ࠺ᯕ⡍⧉ࡽäᮝಽ❱݉⦹ᩍᯕᨱݡ⦽ᄥࠥ᮹ᅕᱶᮥ

⦹ḡ۵ᦫ۵݅. ੱ⦽ᰍഭእaɪĊ⦹íᄡ⦹۵Ŗ᳦ᮡᰍഭእෝ

⡍⧉⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ יྕอᮥ ᜽ᰆ݉aಽ ᖅᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

4.1 վॷणୀ߹৤ுࢫंজ 4.1.1 վॷणୀ߹ଭ৤ுࢫ୨ࠤ

ḥ⧪ࡹᨩ݅.

ℌṙ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእᇥᕾᨱ⦥᫵⦽Ŗᔍእᯱഭෝၽᵝʑšੱ۵

Ŗᔍෝ ᙹ⧪⦽ ᨦℕಽᇡ░ ᙹḲ⦽݅.

ࢹṙ, ŖŖၽᵝʑšੱ۵Ŗᔍෝᙹ⧪⦽ᨦℕಽᇡ░ᙹḲ⦽

Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹ᱢᱶᖒᮥá☁⦽݅. ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ ۵ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ᪡ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽa࠺ᯝ⦽Ŗᔍ, ࠺ᯝ⦽᳑Õᯕᨕ᧝

a܆⦹݅. ə్အಽᙹḲࡽŖᔍእᯱഭᵲ࠺ᯝŖᔍ᮹ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ

᪡ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽaᦥܭĞᬑ, ᖅĥᄡĞ॒ᮝಽᯙ⧕ᖅĥԕᩎᕽᨱ

⡍⧉ࡹḡᦫ۵⧎༊ᯕĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽᨱ⇵aࡽĞᬑ, ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ᪡

(6)

Fig. 3. KICT's construction expenses index

ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ᮹Ŗ᳦, ᯲ᨦ᳑ÕၰȽĊᯕᔢᯕ⦽Ğᬑ, ԕᩎᕽ᮹

Ǎᖒŝ ᯲ᖒᯕᇩప⦽ Ğᬑ ॒ᱢᱶᖒᨱ ྙᱽa ᯩ۵ᯱഭॅᮡ

ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᨧᮝအಽ ⠱ʑ⦽݅.

ᖬṙ, Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹᧲᜾ᮥ☖ᯝ⦹ᩍᱥᔑ᯦ಆ⧉ᮝಽ៉ߑᯕ░

ᄁᯕᜅ⪵⦽݅. ǎԕᨱ۵ԕᩎᕽǍᖒŝ᯲ᖒʑᵡᯕᨧᨕၽᵝʑš ŝᨦℕษ᯲݅ᖒ⦹۵ԕᩎᕽ۵bʑᔢᯕ⦹໑ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ᪡ĥ᧞

ԕᩎᕽ ᧲᜾ᯕ ݅ෙ Ğᬑࠥ ฯ݅. ঑௝ᕽ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ ᵲ aᰆ

ᯩ݅. ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᯱഭ᮹ĞᬑᵝಽŖʑᨦ (☁ḡᵝ┾Ŗᔍ, ᙹᯱᬱŖᔍ, ࠥಽŖᔍ॒)ᨱᕽ᧲᜾ᯕᱶ⧕ḥŖᔍ እ ᯱഭෝ ᱽŖၼᮝအಽ, ߑᯕ░ᄁᯕᜅ⪵⦹۵ äᯕ ᬊᯕ⦹݅.

֘ṙ, Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹݉᭥₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݉aෝᅕᱶ⦽݅. Ŗᔍእ

ᯱഭ᮹ ݉᭥۵ ݡℕᱢᮝಽ Ŗ᳦᮹ ᖒĊᨱ ঑௝ ࠺ᯝ⦹ӹ bb

݅ෙŖᔍੱ۵ḡᩎᨱᕽ᯲ᖒࡽŖᔍእᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹ᩡᮝအಽ, Ŗ᳦᮹݉᭥a݅෕íᔍᬊࡽĞᬑ᳦᳦ࠥၽčࡽ݅. ঑௝ᕽŖᔍእ

ᯱഭ᮹݉᭥₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݉aෝᅕᱶ⧁⦥᫵aᯩ݅. ຝᱡ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ

ੱ۵ԕᩎᕽᔢᨱᕽ↽ኩsᮝಽᥑᯕ۵݉᭥ෝ⢽ᵡ݉᭥ಽ⦹ᩍ

Ŗ᳦᮹݉᭥ෝ☖ᯝ⦽݅. ᯕ⬥ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ᪡ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ᮹Ŗ᳦ᄥ

ᰍഭእ, יྕእ, Ğእ᮹ ݉aෝ ⢽ᵡ݉᭥ಽ ⪹ᔑ⦽݅.

݅ᖐṙ, Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹ĥ᧞᜽ᱱ₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݉aෝᅕᱶ⦽݅.

Ŗᔍእᯱഭ۵ᕽಽ݅ෙ᜽ᱱᨱbbĥ᧞ࡽŖᔍእᯱഭᯕအಽ, ᯕෝ☁ݡಽᝅᱢŖᔍእᇥᕾᮥḥ⧪⦹íࡹ໕ə݉a᮹᪅₉a

ᝅᱽᅕ݅Ⓧíၽᔾ⦽݅. ঑௝ᕽᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᇥᕾᮥ᭥⧕Ŗᔍእ

ᯱഭ᮹݉aෝ࠺ᯝ᜽ᱱ(ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᇥᕾ᜽ᱱ: 2ᬵ, 8ᬵ)ᮝಽ

יྕእ, Ğእ᮹ĥ᧞᜽ᱱ݉aෝᇥᕾ᜽ᱱ᮹݉aಽྜྷaᔢ᜚ශᮥ

Łಅ⦹ᩍ⪹ᔑ⦽݅. ᯕভ, ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ྜྷaᔢ᜚ශᮡFig. 3ŝzᯕ

⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᯕๅᬵၽ⢽⦹Łᯩ۵ÕᖅŖᔍእḡᙹෝ

ᔍᬊ⦽݅.

ᩍᖐṙ, ݉᭥₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݉aᅕᱶ, ĥ᧞᜽ᱱ₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݉a ᅕᱶᯕ᪥ഭࡽᯕ⬥ᨱ۵ŖᔍእᯱഭෝŖ᳦໦(ȽĊ), ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ, ᖅĥ݉a, ĥ᧞݉a॒ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍ݉aᇥᕾᮥ⦹ʑ᭥⦽⩶┽ಽ

ᰍᱶญ⦽݅.

4.1.2 վॷणୀ߹ଭंজ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᔑ⇽ᮥ᭥⧕⦥᫵⦽⩶┽ಽᯱഭෝอॅÑӹᝁȽಽ

ᔾᖒ⦹۵ŝᱶᮝಽ, Ŗ᳦᮹ᖒĊŝ᯲ᨦ᳑Õᮥᇥඹ⦹ᩍ⧕ݚŖ᳦

᮹ݡ⢽᳑Õᮥᖅᱶ⦹Ł, ᯕᨱᵡ⦹ᩍᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽᜽ᵲ᫵⦽

ʑᵡ ᵲ᮹ ⦹ӹᯙ ʑᵡ݉aෝ ᔑ⇽⦹۵ äᮥ ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ᮹ ᇥᕾᮡ Fig. 4᪡ zᮡ ᱩ₉ಽ ḥ⧪ࡹᨩ݅.

ℌṙ, ᝅᱢ݉aෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽᱶญࡽᯱഭෝ࠺ᯝ⦽Ŗᔍ

᳑Õᮝಽӹ٥۵ᱩ₉a⦥᫵⦹݅. ݅ᮭŝzᮡᩍ్aḡ᳑Õᨱ

᮹⧕ ⧕ݚ ԕᩎᕽ᮹ Ŗ᳦ᮥ 1₉ᱢᮝಽ ☁༊·Õ⇶·⧎อ·ʑĥᖅእ

Ŗᔍ᮹ ᳑Õᮝಽ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭෝ ᇥඹ⦽݅.

ࢹṙ, ᇥඹࡽŖᔍᇥ᧝ᄥŖ᳦ᯱഭෝၵ┶ᮝಽၽᵝᯱ᮹ᖅĥ⎵

ऽ, ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ᮹Ŗ᳦໦, ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ॒ᮥₙ᳑⦹ᩍŖᔍእᯱഭෝ

ᇥᕾ⦽݅. ݉, ၽᵝᯱ᮹ᖅĥ⎵ऽӹ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᨱ⧕ݚࡹ۵Ŗ᳦໦ᯕ

⦹ᩍᇥඹ⦹ʑࠥ⦽໑, ࠺ᯝ⦽Ŗ᳦ᯕ௝⧁ḡ௝ࠥ݅᧲⦽᯲ᨦ᳑Õ ᯕ ᯩᮥ ᙹ ᯩʑ ভྙᨱ Ŗ᳦ᄥಽ ࠥ⇽ࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᯲ᨦ᳑Õࠥ

ᮁ⩶⪵⦹Ł ᱶญ⦽݅.

(7)

Fig. 4. Analysis process for cost data

Fig. 5. Analysis process for historical unit cost

ᖬṙ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aḲᨱ໦᜽ࡽ݉aᱶ᮹ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᙹḲࡽ

ၰ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ(ʑᱥ⪹⧎༊)ŝ᮹ᯝ⊹ᩍᇡෝá☁⦽݅. ᯕ᪡zᮡ

ᱩ₉a⦥᫵⦽ᯕᮁ۵Ŗᔍእᯱഭᵲʑᱥ⪹⧎༊ŝᯝ⊹⦹۵

Ŗ᳦ၰ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ᮹Ŗᔍእᯱഭ۵⬥ᗮ᯲ᨦᯙݡ⢽Ŗ᳦ᖁᱶᯕӹ

ʑᵡ݉a ᔑ⇽ŝ zᮡ ᯲ᨦᯕ ᇩ⦥᫵⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

֘ṙ, ᝁȽᱥ⪹⧎༊ᨱ⧕ݚࡹ۵Ŗ᳦᮹᯲ᨦ᳑Õᄥኩࠥෝ

ᵲ↽ኩsᮥw۵Ŗ᳦ᮥݡ⢽Ŗ᳦ᮝಽđᱶ⦽݅. ↽ኩsᮥw۵

᯲ᨦ᳑Õᯕၵಽ⧕ݚŖ᳦᮹ݡ⢽ᱢᯕŁᅕ⠙ᱢᯙ᯲ᨦ᳑Õᯕʑ

(8)

ভྙᯕ݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕ↽ኩsᮥʑᵡᮝಽݡ⢽Ŗ᳦ᮥᖁᱶ⦹۵ႊჶ

ᯕ᫙ᨱࠥ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᨱ໦ʑࡽŖ᳦᮹᯲ᨦ᳑Õᮥݡ⢽Ŗ᳦ᮝಽđ ᱶ⦹ʑࠥ ⦹໑ ᯕ۵ ᇥᕾᯱ᮹ ❱݉ᨱ ঑ෙ݅.

ෝᔑᱶ⦽݅. ݡ⢽Ŗ᳦᮹ʑᵡ݉aෝᔑᱶ⦹۵ᯕᮁ۵⬥ᗮ݉ĥᯙ

“ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽”ᨱᕽᮁ⬉ߑᯕ░ෝ⇵⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦽ʑᵡᮥษಉ

⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽᯕ݅.

4.1.3 ਓୡվॷणଭॺౢ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᔑ⇽ᮡŖᔍእᯱഭ᮹ᇥᕾ݉ĥෝ☖⧕ࠥ⇽ࡽ

Ŗᔍእᯱഭᵲᮁ⬉⦽Ŗᔍእᯱഭෝᖁᄥ⦹Ł, ᯕෝɝeᮝಽ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹۵ŝᱶᮝಽ, Fig. 5᪡zᯕᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭ

ෝᖁᄥ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ŝᱶŝᯕෝၵ┶ᮝಽᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹۵

ŝᱶᮝಽ Ǎᇥࡽ݅.

ⴗ ᯱഭᖁᄥŝᱶ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእᇥᕾᨱᯕᬊࡹ۵ᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭ۵ᮂᦩ᳑ᔍၰ

ᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉a᮹ᱢᱶᖒ, ᖅĥ݉aݡእʑᵡ݉a᮹ᱢᱶ ᖒ 2aḡ᮹ ʑᵡᮥ อ᳒⦹۵ ߑᯕ░ෝ ั⦽݅.

ຝᱡ, ᮂᦩ᳑ᔍᨱ᮹⧕ᱢᱶ⦹íŖ᳦ၰ᯲ᨦ᳑Õ᮹ᇥඹa

ੱ۵ĥ᧞݉aaᯝၹᱢᯙsᅕ݅⩥ᱡ⯩₉ᯕaӹ۵Ğᬑ, יྕእ ᮉᯕ⩥ᱡ⯩₉ᯕaӹ۵Ğᬑ, ᖅĥྜྷపŝĥ᧞ྜྷపᯕ₉ᯕӹ۵

Ğᬑ॒ᮥ ᵲᱱᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᱢᱶᖒ ᩍᇡෝ❱݉⦽݅. อᯝ,

ᮂᦩ᳑ᔍෝ☖⧕ᇡᱢᱶ⦽äᮝಽ❱݉ࡹ໕⧕ݚŖᔍእᯱഭᯙ

ᮥ ⇵aᱢᮝಽ á☁⦹ᩍ ᱢᱶᖒ ᩍᇡෝ ⪶ᯙ⦽݅.

ᮂᦩ᳑ᔍaҾӽᯱഭᨱݡ⧕ᕽᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉aෝʑᵡ ᮝಽᱢᱶᖒᩍᇡෝ❱݉⦽݅. ᖅĥ݉aᨱእ⧕⩥ᱡ⯩ԏᮡĥ᧞݉

a۵ Ŗᔍᙹᵝෝ ᭥⦽ ᨦℕ᮹ ᱡa᯦ₑ ⩥ᔢᮥ ၹᩢ⦽ äᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽᯕ᪡zᮡŖᔍእᯱഭෝᖁᄥ⧕᧝อᝅᱢŖᔍእaÕᖅ᜽

ᰆ᮹ᔢ⫊ᮥᱶ⪶⯩ၹᩢ⧁ᙹᯩíࡽ݅. ⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᮡ

Ŗ᳦ᄥӺₑශ(ᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉a᮹እᮉ)ᯕ±25% ᯕԕ᮹

ჵ᭥ᨱᯩ۵Ŗᔍእᯱഭอᮥᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭಽᖁᄥ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᯕ᫙᮹ ჵ᭥ᨱ ᯩ۵ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ۵ ᇡᱢᱶ ᯱഭಽ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ

ᇥᕾᮥ ᭥⦽ ݡᔢᨱᕽ ᱽ᫙⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

əญŁᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉aෝʑᵡᮝಽᱢᱶᖒᩍᇡෝ❱݉

⦽⬥ᱢᱶ⦹݅Ł❱݉ࡽᯱഭᨱݡ⧕ᕽʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ݉a᮹

ᱢᱶᖒᩍᇡෝ❱݉⦽݅. ʑᵡ݉aᨱእ⧕⩥ᱡ⯩ԏᮡᖅĥ݉a۵

ݡ⢽ᱢᯕŁᅕ⠙ᱢᯙŖ᳦ŝ᯲ᨦ᳑ÕᮥaḥŖᔍእᯱഭaᦥܩ Ñӹ࠺ᯝ⦽Ŗ᳦ᯕᦥܱĞᬑaฯᮝ໑, ᯕෝəݡಽᔍᬊ⧁Ğᬑ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ ᪅₉ෝ ᮁၽ᜽┅۵ ᬱᯙᮝಽ ᯲ᬊ⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ᯕᮁᨱᕽ⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᮡʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ݉a᮹

ჵ᭥a±15% ჵ᭥ᯕԕ᮹Ŗᔍእᯱഭอᮥᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭಽ

ᖁᄥ⦹Ł, ᯕ᫙᮹ ჵ᭥ᨱ ᯩ۵ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭෝ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᇥᕾ

ݡᔢᨱᕽ ᱽ᫙⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ⴘ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑ⇽ŝᱶ

ᮁ⬉ Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹ᖁᄥᯕ⬥ᨱᙹ⧪ࡹ۵ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑ⇽

ŝᱶᮡᝁȽ ᱥ⪹⧎༊ŝʑᱥ⪹⧎༊ᨱ঑௝ʑeᄥᯱഭÕᙹ

ෝ ʑᵡᮝಽ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔾᖒᩍᇡ ❱݉, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑ⇽ಽ

ḥ⧪ࡽ݅.

ℌṙ, ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ↽ɝ6}ᬵᝁȽᱥ⪹⧎༊Ŗᔍእᯱഭᵲ

ᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉aa±25% ᯕԕᯕŁ, ʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ݉

aa±15% ᯕԕᯙᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭa3Õᯕᔢᯙḡෝá☁⦽݅.

ࢹṙ, ʑᱥ⪹⧎༊Ŗᔍእᯱഭᵲᖅĥ݉aݡእĥ᧞݉aa

±25% ᯕԕᯕŁ, ʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ݉aa±15% ᯕԕᯙ↽ɝ

6}ᬵ᮹ᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭa3Õᯕᔢᯙḡෝá☁⦽݅. ၹ໕, ʑ

ᱥ⪹⧎༊᮹ĞᬑᝁȽᱥ⪹⧎༊ŝ۵ݍญ↽ɝ6}ᬵʑᱥ⪹

⧎༊ᮁ⬉Ŗᔍእᯱഭ᮹Õᙹa3Õၙอᯕ௝⧁ḡ௝ࠥᇥᕾ᜽ᱱᮥ

ʑᵡᮝಽ ᯕᱥ 18}ᬵʭḡ ⪶ݡ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵݅. ᯕভ۵ Ḣᱥ ⧕ݚ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእsᨱÕᖅŖᔍእḡᙹෝᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᔑ⇽⦽sᮥᝅᱢŖ ᔍእಽᕽ ၽ⢽⦽݅.

ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ĞᬑᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᇥᕾ⦹۵ߑᯩᨕ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖ ᔍእᇥᕾ⥥ಽᖙᜅ᪡݅ෙႊ᜾ᮥ₥┾⦹ḡ۵ᦫ۵݅. ᪽Ա⦹໕

۵⩥⧪⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱ᮹Ŗᔍእᯱഭ ᇥᕾᱩ₉᪡ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ ᇥᕾᱩ₉a ࠺ᯝ⧕᧝ ⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

ə్အಽ ⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑᱶᱩ₉ ၰ ʑᵡᨱ ঑௝ ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ ᵲ 10ᨖ ᬱ ၙอ ᬱࠥɪ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ(ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ, ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ, ᜽ႊᕽ, ĥ᧞᳑Õ॒)ෝᙹḲ⦹Łᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ

☖⦹ᩍ ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ ᔢ⪙ እƱ a܆⦽ ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗ᳦ᮥ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.

4.2.1 ীָࡦվॷणୀ߹ंজ෮จ

ŖᔍእᯱഭෝᙹḲ⧉ᨱᯩᨕᕽ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹Ğᬑ⦽ǎÕᖅ ʑᚁᩑǍᬱᨱᕽ۵ᨦྕ⩲॒᳑ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᯱഭ᮹ᙹḲᯕᬊᯕ⦹ӹ, 10ᨖᬱၙอᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⧉ᨱᯩᨕᕽŖŖ

ၽᵝʑš᮹⩲᳑ෝၼᮥᙹᨧᮝအಽ, ᄥࠥ᮹ŖᔍእᯱഭᙹḲᱩ₉ a᫵Ǎࡽ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵᳑ݍℎӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B, Government e-Procurement System of Public Procurement Service) ෝáᔪ

⦹ᩍᖅĥԕᩎᕽ॒ၽᵝʑš᮹ᗭȽ༉ŖᔍŖᔍእᖅĥᯱഭෝ

(9)

Table 2. Collected cost data of small-scale project through Government e-Procurement System

Under 100,000,000 won 100,000,000 300,000,000 won

300,000,000 500,000,000 won

500,000,000

1,000,000,000won Total

No. of collected items 99 63 23 15 200

Proportion 49.5% 31.5% 11.5% 7.5% 100.0%

Table 3. Cost data completed by adequacy in small-scale project

Under 100,000,000 won 100,000,000G300,000,000 won

300,000,000G500,000,000 won

500,000,000

1,000,000,000won Total

Proportion 49.0% 25.0% 15.4% 10.6% 100.0%

Table 4. Cost data collected by contract document in small-scale project

Under 100,000,000 won 100,000,000G300,000,000 won

300,000,000G500,000,000 won

500,000,000

1,000,000,000won Total

Proportion 41.6% 32.5% 10.4% 15.6% 100.0%

Table 5. Comparative analysis of historical unit price between small and large-scale civil eng. work

Code of work

type Title of work type Size

Large-scale project Small-scale project Proportion of small by large-scale Data

condition

Comparat ive object Historical

unit price

Proportion of labor cost

Historical unit price

AA220.50000 Water drain - 4,189 41.00% 4,789 48.91% 114.3% 119.3% Latter half.

more than 3

First half of 2010yr.

AA310.01100 Steel pipe scaffold legs below 3 months 27,981 79.00% 28,113 80.00% 100.5% 101.3% Latter half.

more than 3

AA310.10000 Steel pipe scaffold below 3 months 9,564 89.00% 11,884 89.06% 124.3% 100.1% Latter half.

more than 3

AE110.10800 H-pile driving h=300*300, 8m 49,311 51.00% 60,879 43.91% 123.5% 86.1% Total.

under 3

AE110.20800 H-pile extraction h=300*300, 8m 34,104 42.00% 31,488 43.90% 92.3% 104.5% Total.

under 3

AE160.00080 H-beam installation and

removal (H=300-500) 6-8m 154,315 60.00% 182,863 64.60% 118.5% 107.7% First half.

under 3

Latter half of 2009yr.

DC110.10000 Reinforced concrete

breaking (machine) T30cm 28,236 59.00% 41,490 55.97% 146.9% 94.9% Latter half.

more than 3

DC110.20000 Reinforced concrete

breaking (machine) T30cm 34,576 56.00% 44,186 51.20% 127.8% 91.4% Latter half.

more than 3

DC120.10000 Plain concrete breaking

(machine) T30cm 15,219 47.00% 17,500 47.65% 115.0% 101.4% Latter half.

more than 3

DC120.20000 Plain concrete breaking

(machine) T30cm 19,962 46.00% 19,096 53.19% 95.7% 115.6% First half.

under 3

Latter half of 2009yr.

Note : Data are effective data using in analyzing historical unit price and are compared with KICT's is compared with 'Works and Unit Prices for Application of Historical Cost Data Estimating System in Construction Projects'.

⫮ा⦹Ł, ᔍᨦᯱ݉ℕ(ݡ⦽Õᖅ⩲⫭, ݡ⦽ᱥྙÕᖅ⩲⫭)᮹ᱢɚ ᱢᯙ ⩲᳑ෝၼᦥ ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ ᙹḲ⧁ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᱩ₉᪡ℕĥෝ

ษಉ⧁ ⦥᫵a ᯩ݅.

᭥᪡zᮡᩍÕ⦹ᨱᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵2010֥1ᬵᇡ░3ᬵʭḡ

(10)

(a) Historical unit price (b) Proportion of labor cost

Fig. 6. Comparative analysis of historical unit price and proportion of labor cost between small and large-scale civil eng. work

Table 6. Difference of historical unit price between small and large-scale civil eng. work Large-scale project Small-scale project

Difference of historical unit price (c-a)

Difference considering subcontract price proportion (c-a)-(d-b) Historical unit

price (a)

Average proportion of subcontract price (b)

Historical unit price (c)

Average proportion of subcontract price (d)

Civil eng. work 100.0% 83.0% 121.8% 89.8% 21.8% 15.0%

Table 7. Difference of historical unit price by labor cost

Difference of historical unit price (a) Average proportion of labor cost (b) Difference by labor cost (c) Remarks

Civil eng. work 21.8% 69.1% 15.1% (a)×(b)

Note : Average proportion of labor cost is that of 58 comparative work type in small-scale project

᳑ݍℎ ӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)ᨱ íᰍࡽ 2009֥ ၽᵝ 10ᨖ ᬱ ၙอ᮹

ᗭȽ༉ᬱࠥɪᱥྙŖᔍ᧞4อÕᮥáᔪ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕Table 2 ᪡zᯕⅾ200ÕŖᔍ᮹Ŗᔍእᖅĥᯱഭ(ᖅĥ݉aa໦ʑࡽ

ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ, ᯦ₑŖŁྙ, ᜽ႊᕽ, ĥ᧞✚ᙹ᳑Õ॒)ෝᙹḲ⦹ᩡᮝ ໑ⅾ200ÕŖᔍᵲ1ᨖᬱၙอŖᔍa99Õ(49.5%)ಽ݅ᙹෝ

₉ḡ⦹ᩡᮝӹ, 3ᨖᬱၙอ, 5ᨖᬱၙอ, 10ᨖᬱၙอŖᔍࠥ

ᯝᱶᙹᵡᯕᔢ᮹Ǎᖒእᮉᮥ₉ḡ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕ۵ᱥྙÕᖅᨦ

ᬱࠥɪŖᔍ᮹ŖᔍȽ༉ᄥၽᵝ⩥⫊ŝᮁᔍ⦹အಽ, ᯱഭ᮹⢽ᅙ

⇵⇽ᯕ ᱢᱩ⦹í ᯕ൉ᨕᲭ݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

200Õ᮹ᯱഭᵲᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ᔑ⇽᜽ᔢᖙ⦽᯲ᨦ᳑Õ⪶ᯙᮥ

᭥⧕ᕽ۵݉aᔑ⇽ᕽੱ۵ᯝ᭥ݡa⢽a⦥ᙹᱢᯕӹ, ᯝᇡᖅĥԕ ᩎᕽᨱ݉aᔑ⇽ᕽၰᯝ᭥ݡa⢽a٥௞ࡹ۵Ğᬑa᳦᳦ᯩ۵

äᮝಽ❭ᦦࡹᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ݉aᔑ⇽ᕽᮁྕෝʑᵡᮝಽ᳑ݍℎ

ӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)᮹áᔪᮥ☖⧕ᙹḲࡽ200ÕŖᔍ᮹Ŗᔍእᖅĥ

ᯱഭ᮹ᱢᱶᖒᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅. Ŗᔍእᖅĥᯱഭ᮹ᱢᱶᖒá☁đŝ,

ⅾ96ÕŖᔍ᮹Ŗᔍእᯱഭᨱᕽ݉aᔑ⇽ᕽaၙ℉ᇡࡹᨕᯩ۵

äᮥၽč⦹ᩡŁ, Table 3ŝzᯕ104Õ᮹Ŗᔍᨱݡ⧕ᕽอᱥྙÕ ᖅᨦᯱ᮹ ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ ᙹḲᮥ ḥ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.

Ŗᔍእᖅĥᯱഭ᮹ᱢᱶᖒá☁a᪥ഭࡽ104ÕŖᔍᨱݡ⦹ᩍ

⧕ݚᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱ᮹ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝᙹḲ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ↽᳦ᱢᮝಽ77 Õ ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭෝ ⪶ᅕ⦹ᩡ݅(Table 4).

4.2.2 ഠࡧվॷվஂଭਓୡվॷणण֗

ⅾ58}Ŗ᳦ᯕࠥ⇽ࡹᨩᮝ໑, ḡ໕ᔢ10}᮹ᵝ᫵Ŗ᳦ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ እƱ⧕ ᅕ໕ Table 5᪡ z݅.

ᇥᕾđŝ, ݡȽ༉☁༊ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ100%ಽʑᵡ

⦹ᩡᮥĞᬑ᮹ᗭȽ༉ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵⠪Ɂ121.8%ᯙ

äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ⦽⠙, ݡȽ༉ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹יྕእᮉᮥ100%ಽ

ʑᵡ⦹ᩡᮥĞᬑᗭȽ༉ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹יྕእᮉᮡ⠪Ɂ112.1%ᯙ

äᮝಽ❭ᦦࡹᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽݡȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍᨱእ⧕ᗭȽ༉☁༊Ŗ ᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡יྕእᮉᯕbb⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ21.8%᪡12.1%

ಽ ༉ࢱ ׳ᮭᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅(Fig. 6).

₉ᯕෝ❭ᦦ⦽äᯕ݅. ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍෝ

100%ಽʑᵡ⦹ᩡᮥভ, ᗭȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍ121.8%, Ŗ᳦ᄥ⠪Ɂ

Ӻₑශᮡ bb 89.8%ᯕ݅(ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑ⇽ᨱ ⪽ᬊࡹ۵ ݡȽ༉

(11)

Ŗᔍ Ŗ᳦᮹ ⠪Ɂ Ӻₑශᮡ 83%ᯥ).

₉ᯕ۵15.0%ಽ❭ᦦࡹᨩ݅. ᷪ, 10ᨖᬱᯕᔢݡȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍ (100ᨖ ᯕᔢ ᭥ᵝ)᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእᨱ እ⧕ 10ᨖ ᬱ ၙอ ᗭȽ༉

☁༊ŖᔍᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ21.8%a׳݅۵äᯕ໑, ⠪Ɂ

Ŗ᳦ᄥӺₑශᮡŁಅ⦽݅Ł⧕ࠥ15.0%a׳݅۵đŝaࠥ⇽ࡹ

ᨩ݅.

☁༊ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹ᇥ᧝ᄥᝅᱢŖᔍእᝅᱽ₉ᯕ۵21.8%ᯕ໑, ᯕভ

እƱŖ᳦58}᮹ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍיྕእᮉ⠪Ɂᮡ69.1%ᯕ݅. יྕእ ᨱ ᮹⦽ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ₉ᯕ۵ 15.1%ಽ ӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᯕෝ ☖⦹ᩍ

₉ᯕᨱ ᮹⧕ ᮁၽࡹᨩᮭᮥ ᦭ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

5. đು

⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵ 10ᨖ ᬱ ᯕᔢ(100ᨖ ᬱ ᯕᔢ Ŗᔍ ᭥ᵝ) ݡȽ༉ŖᔍᨱᕽᙹḲࡽŖᔍእᯱഭ᭥ᵝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍၽ⢽ࡹŁ

ᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᯝᇡၽᵝʑš(ᯝᖁ

⫮ᯝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕಽᯙ⦹ᩍᗭȽ༉ÕᖅŖᔍᩩᱶaĊ

ᔑᱶ᮹ᇡᱶ⪶ᖒŝᩢᖙ⦽Õᖅ⫭ᔍ᮹ᱢᱶŖᔍእᇡ᳒ᯕⅩ௹ࢁ

ᗭḡa׳݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᵲ10ᨖᬱၙอ᮹

əđŝ, ᗭȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹

⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦽đŝ, ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ۵

ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱእ⧕⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ21.8%a׳ᮭᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩᨩ݅

( ӺₑᮉᮥŁಅ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ₉ᯕ۵15.0%). ⦽⠙, יྕእᨱ᮹⦽

ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᮁၽࡹᨩᮭᮥ ᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

ྜྷು, ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹⩥⧪

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹₉ᯕ۵ᇩญ⦽ḡᖙ, ḡ⩶, ⩲ᗭ⦽᯲ᨦᰆᗭ॒ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍอᯕw۵✚ᖒŝᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᱢᮡྜྷపᨱʑᯙ⦹۵ၵࠥ

Ⓧ݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ੱ⦽ ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍᨱ እ⧕ ᱢᮡ Ŗᔍྜྷపᮡ

Õᖅɝಽᯱ᮹ԏᮡ⦺᜖⬉ŝಽᯙ⦽י࠺ᔾᔑᖒᱡ⦹, ᩕᦦ⦽י࠺

⩲ᔢಆᮥᮁၽ᜽⍽ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍᅕ݅׳ᮡĥ᧞݉aෝ⩶ᖒ⦹۵

ᱱࠥᯝ᳑⧁äᮝಽᔍഭࡽ݅. ⨆⬥ᯕᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᅕ݅ᰆʑᱢᯕŁ

ᝍࠥʫᮡ ⬥ᗮᩑǍa ⦥᫵⧁ äᮝಽ ᔍഭࡽ݅.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᯕםྙᮡ2012֥ࠥᱽᵝݡ⦺Ʊ⦺ᚁᩑǍḡᬱᔍᨦᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ

ᩑǍࡹᨩᮭ

References

Ahn, J.-S., Lee, J.-H., Kim, Y.-S., Tea, Y.-H. and Lim, H.-S. (2009).

“A study on the improvement of revision process and depreciation method of the construction standard estimating system.” Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea(Structure), Vol. 25, No. 8, pp.

195-204 (in Korean).

CAK(Construction Association of Korea). (2009a). Statistics yearbook of construction industry (in Korean).

CAK(Construction Association of Korea). (2009b). Analyses of cost items in complete works (in Korean).

CAK(Construction Association of Korea). (2010). Historical cost data estimating system, What is problems and How can improve?, CAK's internal materials (in Korean).

Choi, S.-I, Lee, B. N., Lee, S.-W. and Choi, M.-S. (2006). An as- sessment and improvement scheme of a new cost estimation sys- tem in Korean public construction industry( Ⳓ ), CERIK (Construction and Economy Research Institute of Korea) (in Korean).

Choi, S.-I, Song, B.-K. and Kim, Y.-J. (2004). An assessment and improvement scheme of a new cost estimation system in Korean public construction industry, CERIK(Construction and Economy Research Institute of Korea) (in Korean).

Ha, G.-J., Choi, M.-K, Yi, D.-Y., Lee, Y.-S., Kang, T.-K. and Ha, M.-S. (2008). “A study on the application methods of historical data cost method by historical data analysis in construction cost.”

Proceedings of AIK Branch Federation Conference, pp. 531-534 (in Korean).

Jeon, S.-H. and Koo, K.-J. (2008). “Comparison of labor input from standard quantities per unit and actual quantities in apartment re- inforced concrete work.” Journal of Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 182-189 (in Korean).

Jun, S.-H. and Choi, I.-S. (2005). “A study on the construction cost estimating system based on historical data in apartment housing.”

Journal of Korea Institute of Building Construction, Vol. 5, No.

1, pp. 111-122 (in Korean).

Kang, L. S., Jeong, H. W., Kwon, J. H. and Youn, S. M. (2006).

“Improvement method of cost estimating based on actual unit price for small size construction.” Proceedings of KSCE Conference, pp. 1060-1063 (in Korean).

KICT (Korea Institute of Construction Technology). (1998). Research report for accumulation and implementation of historical unit price, 2nd Report (in Korean).

KICT (Korea Institute of Construction Technology). (2008). Current

situation of cost estimate system for public construction project in

Korea, KICT's internal materials (in Korean).

(12)

Kim, G. H. (2008). A compensation method of historical unit price for public construction projects, Chung-Ang University, Master's Thesis (in Korean).

Kim, K.-S., Hyun, C.-T., Hong, T.-H., Jo, S.-M. and Mun, H.-S.

(2010). “Development of an unit cost modification model for proper actual cost data in small building construction projects.”

Journal of Korea Institute of Building Construction, Vol. 10, No.

1, pp. 81-89 (in Korean).

Kim, W .T., Choi, S.-I. and Lee, B. N. (2010). Improvement schemes on cost estimates of the public construction projects, CERIK (Construction and Economy Research Institute of Korea) (in Korean).

Kim, W. T. and Yoon, C. H. (2006). Inspection of cost mana-ge- ment of foreign public project and implementation of historical cost data estimating system - USA and UK, CERIK (Construction and Economy Research Institute of Korea) Working Paper (in Korean).

KOSCA. (2009). Statistics yearbook of special construction industry (in Korean).

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and KICT (Korea Institute of Construction Technology). (2004-2011). Works and unit prices for application of historical cost data estimating system in construction projects (in Korean).

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology). (2010). Conference proceedings of committee for improvement of for historical cost data estimat- ing system (in Korean).

Park, U.-Y. (2006). Inspection of cost management of Japan public project and implementation of historical cost data estimating sys- tem, CERIK (Construction and Economy Research Institute of Korea) Working Paper (in Korean).

Comparative Analysis on Unit Price based on Historical Cost Data Estimating for Large and Small-scale Civil Engineering Works

Ǥ ǤǤ

กন෹ ȵ਑சવ ȵ׌ఢ෈ ȵଲܛ૵

Hong, Sung Ho*, Shin, Juyeoul**, Kim, Chang Hak***, Lee, Dong Wook****

Comparative Analysis on Unit Price based on Historical Cost Data Estimating for Large and Small-scale Civil Engineering Works

ABSTRACT

The study derived that the unit price of a small construction project is 21.8% higher than that of large construction project.

Key words : Standard estimating, Historical cost data estimating, Civil engineering work

Ⅹಾ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእᱽࠥ۵2004֥ᇡ░᯦ࠥࡽᱽࠥಽᕽ, ŝÑ᮹ᮁᔍŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞݉aෝ☁ݡಽŖ᳦ᄥ݉aෝ❭ᦦ⦹ᩍᩩᱶaĊᮥđᱶ⦹۵ႊ᜾ᯕ

݅. ᯕ్⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉a۵ๅ֥2⫭⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱᨱᕽၽ⢽⦹Łᯩ݅. ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹Ŗᔍእ݉a۵᯲ᨦ݉᭥ݚᔾᔑእᬊ᷾a, ᰆእ

ၰיྕእ॒ᔢ᜚ᮝಽᯙ⧕ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍᅕ݅׳ᮥᙹၷᨱᨧ۵äᯕÕᖅŖᔍ᮹✚ᖒᯕ݅. ə్ӹᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aaŖᔍ᮹Ƚ༉᪡ྕš⦹í

᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᗭȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእaݡȽ༉☁༊Ŗᔍᨱእ⧕21.8% ׳ᮡđŝaࠥ⇽ࡹᨩ݅.

áᔪᨕ ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ, ☁༊Ŗᔍ

1. ᕽು

1.1 ઴֜ଭࢼլࢫࡧୡ

ᩩᱶaĊᔑᱶႊ᜾ᨱ۵ᩍ్aḡaᯩᮝӹ, ǎaෝݚᔍᯱಽ⦹۵ĥ᧞ᨱš⦽ჶශ(ᯕ⦹, ǎaĥ᧞ჶ)᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹

Ğᬑᨱ۵ Ñ௹ᝅಡaĊႊ᜾, ᬱaĥᔑaĊႊ᜾, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ႊ᜾ ၰ čᱢႊ᜾ᮝಽ bb Ǎᇥ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽ ႊ᜾ ᵲ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ႊ᜾ᮡ ᜽ᵲÑ௹ aĊᮥ ၹᩢ⦹ᩍ ᩩᔑᱩqᮥ ༉ᔪ⦹Ł, ᬱa ᫵ᗭᄥ Ḳĥŝᱶ ၰ ɝÑᯱഭ ᔾఖᮥ

☖⦹ᩍᱢᔑᨦྕෝeᗭ⪵⦹ʑ᭥⧕2004֥1ᬵᨱ᯦ࠥࡽႊ᜾ᮝ ಽᕽ, ŝÑ᮹ᮁᔍŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞݉aෝ☁ݡಽŖ᳦ᄥᅖ⧊݉aෝ

❭ᦦ⦹ᩍ ᩩᱶaĊᮥ đᱶ⦽݅.

ᱶᇡ᮹ᱶ₦ᱢḡᬱᮥၼᮝ໑ᝅ᜽⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእႊ᜾ᮡฯᮡ

ᰆᱱᮥḡܭၹ໕, ᩍ్aḡྙᱽᱱᮥ⧉̹ḡܩŁᯩ݅. ݡ⢽ᱢᮝ ಽŖᔍȽ༉ᨱᔢšᨧᯕᱢᬊ⦹۵ᯝශᱢᯙ݉aෝॅᙹᯩ݅.

ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍᨱ እ⧕ ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ŗᔍእ ݉a۵ ᗭྜྷపᮝಽ

ᯙ⦽ ᯲ᨦ ݉᭥ݚ ᔾᔑእᬊ ᷾a, ᰆእ ၰ יྕእ ॒ ᔢ᜚ᮝಽ

ᯙ⧕׳ᮥᙹၷᨱᨧ݅. ŖᔍȽ༉ᨱ঑௝ᱢᬊ݉aaݍ௝ḡ۵

äᮡÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ݡ⢽ᱢᯙ✚ᖒᯥᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Ł, ᝅᱢŖᔍእႊ᜾

ᨱᕽ۵ ᯝශᱢᮝಽ ᱢᬊࡹŁ ᯩ݅.

ə్ӹᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱݡ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹⧊ญᱢᯙᅕᱶႊᦩᮥ

vǍ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ྕᨨᅕ݅ࠥ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽŖᔍෝᙹ⧪⦹

ʑ ⯹ु ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ Ƚ༉(ჵ᭥)ෝ ❭ᦦ⦹Ł, ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹

ᝅᱽᝅᱢ݉aෝᔑ⇽⦹ᩍ ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡᮹₉ᯕaၽᔾ⦽

Ğᬑ ə ᬱᯙᯕ ྕᨨᯙḡෝ ᔕ⠕ᅕ۵ äᯕ ɪᖁྕᯕ݅.

঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵☁༊Ŗᔍᨱݡ⧕ᕽݡȽ༉Ŗᔍ᭥ᵝ᮹⩥⧪

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᪡ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ᩍᯕॅ

Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ₉ᯕෝ ❭ᦦ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.

1.2 ઴֜ଭࢺ࣑

1 ŝzᮡᱩ₉ෝÑℱᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ℌṙ, 100ᨖᬱ᭥ᵝ᮹

ݡȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱš⦽⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰʑᵡᮥ⦽ǎÕᖅ ʑᚁᩑǍᬱ᮹ݕݚᯱ᪡໕ݕᮥ☖⧕❭ᦦ⦽݅. ݡ·ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍᨱ

ݡ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵࠺ᯝ⦽ᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰ

ʑᵡᮥ ᱢᬊ⧕᧝อ ⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.

ࢹṙ, ᗭȽ༉ Ŗᔍ᮹ ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ ᔑ⇽⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ 2009֥

ၽᵝࡽ 10ᨖ ᬱ ၙอ᮹ ᗭȽ༉ ᬱࠥɪ ᱥྙŖᔍ᮹ ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ

ၰšಉᯱഭ(᜽ႊᕽ, ✚ᙹĥ᧞᳑Õ॒)ෝᙹḲ⦹Łᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱢᱶ ᖒᮥá☁⦽݅. ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ၽ⢽۵ๅ֥2⫭ᯕ൉ᨕḥ݅.

ᨕਁ⦽Ŗ᳦᮹݉aᨱݡ⧕ᕽ6}ᬵᯕԕᨱ3}ᯕᔢ᮹ᱶᔢߑᯕ

░

a ⪶ᅕࡹ໕ ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽ ᔑ⇽ᮥ ⦹í ࡹ໑, ݚ⧕ ၹʑ᮹

ᝅᱢŖᔍእಽၽ⢽ࡽ݅. ݅อᝁȽ⧎༊᮹Ğᬑᨱ⦽⧕ᕽᱶᔢߑᯕ

░᮹ᙹa3}ၙอᯙĞᬑᨱ۵⧕ݚ6}ᬵᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᯕᱥ18}ᬵʭ ḡ᳑ᔍࡽᱶᔢߑᯕ░ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ᳑ᔍၰᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝ ᔑ⇽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ᮹ ᳑ᔍ

ၰᇥᕾʑeᮡᔍᝅᔢ18}ᬵᯕ௝⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ə్ӹݡᇡᇥ᮹

ᩢᖙᱥྙÕᖅᨦℕ۵Ŗᔍa᪥Ŗࡽᯕ⬥1֥ᯕḡӽŖᔍ᮹ᯱഭෝ

ᅕš⦹ʑᅕ݅۵ ⠱ʑ⦹۵ Ğ⨆ᯕ v⦹݅. ᯕಽ ᯙ⧕ ᅙ ᩑǍ۵

እ᳑ᔍၰᇥᕾʑeᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩍᇥᕾᮥḥ⧪⦽݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵

᳑ݍℎ ӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)ෝ ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ 2009֥ ၽᵝࡽ ŖŖŖᔍ᮹

Ŗᔍɩᧂᯕ໦ʑࡽᖅĥԕᩎᕽၰšಉᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡

zᮡ ᱩ₉ෝ ☖⧕ ᙹḲࡽ Ŗᔍእ ᯱഭ᮹ ᱢᱶᖒᮥ ↽᳦ᱢᮝಽ

á☁⦹ᩍ ᯱഭ᮹ ᝁ഑ᖒᮥ ⪶ᅕ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᖬṙ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽ᮥ᭥⧕⦥᫵⦽⦥ᙹᯱഭᯙĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ

ᙹḲ⦽݅. ᯕෝ᭥⧕, ᳑ݍℎӹ௝ᰆ░(G2B)ෝáᔪ⦹ᩍ2009֥

ŖŖᬱࠥɪŖᔍ᮹ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝ⧕ݚᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱॅಽᇡ░ᙹ Ḳ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵⧕ݚŖ᳦᮹ᖅĥ݉a

ݡእĥ᧞݉aa±25% ᯕԕᯕŁ, ⢽ᵡŖ᳦᮹ʑᵡ݉aݡእᖅĥ

݉aa±15% ᯕԕᯙᱶᔢߑᯕ░a3}ᯕᔢ⦥᫵⦹݅. ə్အಽ

⧕ݚŖᔍෝᙹ⧪⦽ᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱ᮹ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ ᨧᯕ۵ᗭȽ༉

Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᔑ⇽⦹۵äᮡᇩa܆⦹݅. ə్ӹĥ᧞ԕᩎ ᕽ۵ݚ⧕Ŗᔍ᮹᯦ₑ݉a(ĥ᧞݉a)a໦᜽ࡹᨕᯩᨕݡℕᱢᮝಽ

ᱥྙÕᖅᨦᯱa᫙ᇡᨱŖ}⦹ḡᦫ۵݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕݡ᫙ᮁ⇽ᯕ

ᨥĊ⯩ᱽ⦽ࡹᨕᯩ۵ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝᙹḲ⦹ʑ۵ๅᬑ⯹ॅᙹၷᨱ

ᨧ݅. ঑௝ᕽĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽෝᙹḲ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽᱥྙÕᖅᨦℕ᮹ᱢɚ ᱢᯙ ⩲᳑a ⦥᫵⦹݅.

֘ṙ, ᖅĥԕᩎᕽ, ĥ᧞ԕᩎᕽ, ĥ᧞᳑Õ॒ᙹḲࡽŖᔍእᯱഭ

ෝၵ┶ᮝಽ ၙญ ❭ᦦࡽ⩥⧪ ᝅᱢŖᔍእ ᔑᱶᱩ₉ၰ ʑᵡᨱ

঑௝ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእෝᇥᕾ⦽݅. ੱ⦽ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉a Ḳᨱ໦᜽ࡽŖ᳦໦ŝ݉aᱶ᮹ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ᳦⧊ᱢᮝಽ❱݉⦹ᩍ

ᝅᱢŖᔍእ݉aḲᨱᙹಾࡹᨕᯩ۵Ŗ᳦ŝ࠺ᯝ᳑Õ᮹ᗭȽ༉

ŖᔍŖ᳦᮹ᝅᱢŖᔍእอᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩍᔢ⪙እƱ⦽݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕ

እ ₉ᯕᮁྕෝ ᇥᕾ⦹Ł əᬱᯙᮥ ݉a᪡ ᱢᬊŖ᳦⊂໕ᨱᕽ

ᔕ⠕ᅙ݅.

2. ᖁ⧪ᔍಡၰʑ᳕ᩑǍᇥᕾ

Kim et al. (2010)ᮡᝅᱢŖᔍእa10ᨖᬱᯕᔢ᮹ŖŖÕᖅŖ ᔍᨱᱢᬊࡹŁᯩᮝအಽ, 10ᨖᬱၙอ᮹ᗭȽ༉Ŗᔍ, ᱥྙŖᔍ, ᅕᙹၰᮁḡšญŖᔍ॒᮹ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦹ᩍ⩥⧪ᝅᱢŖᔍእᔑ⇽

ႊ᜾ᮥᱢᬊ⦹íࢁĞᬑ, Ŗᔍᝅ⧪ɩᧂᯕĥ᧞ɩᧂᯕᔢᮝಽ

᷾aࡹ۵Ğᬑaၽᔾ⧁ᙹၷᨱᨧᮭᮥḡᱢ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్အಽ

10 ᨖᬱၙอ᮹Ŗᔍᨱᕽ۵ᝅᱢ݉aᨱݡ⦽ᅕᱶᯕ⦥᫵⦹໑

ǤǤǤ

กন෹ȵ਑சવȵ׌ఢ෈ȵଲܛ૵

Hong, Sung Ho, Shin, Juyeoul, Kim, Chang Hak, Lee, Dong Wook****

áᔪᨕ ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ, ᝅᱢŖᔍእ, ☁༊Ŗᔍ