8.1
Application of Geographic Information System to Transportation Planning
GIS를 이용한 도로계획 수립 연구 (국가지리정보체계 구축 지원연구 16)(RR97-32) Jeong-Ho Kim, Young-Kyun Lee, and Dong-Bin Shin
1997. 12․95 pages․Korean
In the developed countries, research on ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems), which allows the maximum utilization of the existing transportation facilities in order to mitigate traffic congestion, has been actively going on for the last decade. Korea has begun to notice the importance of ITS and started to put serious efforts into the ITS-related studies. However, the promised potential of ITS can be fully achieved only when both static and dynamic information is utilized simultaneously.
GIS (Geographic Information System), which provides excellent spatial representation and analysis functions for spatial data, is a particularly well-suited tool for transportation-related analyses and planning. GIS-T (GIS for Transportation), which is the application of GIS to transportation studies is an ideal system for transportation planning due to its visual representation capabilities and spatial analytical functions. Even though GIS can handle both static and dynamic information, GIS is known for handling static information.
Studies on the application of GIS technology to transportation in Korean context, however, are hard to find.
The present study focuses on examining the current status of the GIS applications to transportation in Korea and identifying the requirements for the implementation of such system. Based on these requirements, this study suggests the guidelines for building a transportation-related database which can be used for various transportation planning purposes.
Furthermore, this study provides a method of applying GIS to transportation demand forecasting and alternative routes selection process. Cheju Island was selected as the case study area. To demonstrate the routing alternative selection process, this study considered the process to determine the number of lanes for a planned route.
Case study for demand forecasting is conducted with the TransCAD which is a product of Caliper Corporation. The last task for this study is to determine the desirable number of lanes for the beltway bypassing the city of Sogwipo.
The result shows the number of lanes should be 4.
The survey of the current status of the GIS application to transportation planning and subsequent study on the user requirements for transportation data in the context of road planning resulted in the following:
1) Sixty-two percent of respondents answered that they are planning to use GIS in transportation-related tasks.
2) The preferred scale of digital map is ordered as 1/5,000, 1/25,000, and 1/50,000.
3) Seventy-six percent of respondents think that GIS will have a significant impact on road planning process.
4) The common attributes for digital road map are identified as distance, the number of lanes, traffic volume, and slope.
5) It is also identified that the consistent updates as well as provision of the easy access to the database is one of the critical elements in building the useful database.
Based on these findings, traffic analysis zone (TAZ) boundaries, administrative boundaries, road network information, and land use information are required for the transportation planning database. Road network information data should be composed of nodes and links, while the rest needs to be constructed as polygons. Under the GIS environment, road network should be constructed to have geometric accuracy and topology.
Socioeconomic attributes minimally required for the TAZ and administrative boundary data are population, car ownership, and gross regional product. If available, income per household is preferred to gross regional product.