Lecture 10
Container Terminals
Section 1 Introduction & Development Section 2 Container Ships & Terminals Section 3 Terminal Equipment
CONTAINER TERMINALS
LECTURE STRUCTURE
Slewing cranes allowing rotation of loads appeared as early as 1340
Treadmill vertical lift Bruges 1765
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
HISTORIC GENERAL CARGO OPERATIONS
Details 22m beam LOA 168m Gross 12,037 Built 1950
Demolished 1975
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL CARGO SHIP 1950s
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
HISTORIC GENERAL CARGO OPERATIONS
The act of placing cargo in an aircraft or ship in a manner that provides for the safety of the vessel and the cargo, optimises available space and allows easy access to the cargo at the place of discharge
May be used for any form of cargo – bulk, container, breakbulk etc
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL CARGO – STOWAGE
Origin Port
Destination Port
Export Import
DIRECT PORT CALL
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
PORT TO PORT SHIPMENTS
Sailed Port Newark, New Jersey, on April 26, 1956 Adapted T-2 tanker deck
Platform with slots for bodies for 58 trailer units Units detached from running gear on pier
The first “containers”
Arrived in Houston 6 days later
Units were hoisted off and attached to fresh running No intermediate handling by longshoremen.
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
IDEAL X
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISATION
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
INTERMODAL TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
EARLY CONTAINER SHIPS
Origin Port
Destination Port
Export Import
DIRECT PORT CALL
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
PORT CALL TYPES
Port
Port Hub Port
Port
Port Port Port
M ain Line Service Feeder
Service
Feeder Service
Feeder
Service Feeder
Service
Hub Port
Direct Port Calls
Hub Port Calls
Feeder Port Calls
Main Line – ship sailing deep-sea leg of container service
Feeder - ship sailing short-sea leg at either end of container service.
Transhipment – transfer of container between main line and feeder ships
INTRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
TRANSHIPMENT
Section 1 Introduction & Development Section 2 Container Ships & Terminals Section 3 Terminal Equipment
CONTAINER TERMINALS
LECTURE STRUCTURE
Details
Total 2,500 TEU 960 TEU under deck 1536 TEU on deck 350 Reefer points 29.8 beam
12m draught LOA 212m Built 2002
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
SHIP – GEARED CONTAINER SHIP
Details
Total 13,344 TEU 800 Reefer points 51.2 m beam 15.5 m draught 366 m LOA Built 2009
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
FULLY CELLULAR
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
FULLY CELLULAR
Multipurpose Semi container
Geared cellular
3rdGeneration Fully Cellular
4thGeneration Fully Cellular
5thGeneration+++
Fully Cellular
Conbulker
Open Bulk Container
ConRo - geared
RoRo RoLo LoLo RoRo Passenger Container
OPERATIONS
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS SHIP TYPES
Barge
Hatchless Container
LASH ConRo - Cellular Reefer
High handling rates Highly capital intensive
Relatively low cost operations High vessel productivity
Low freight rates Fast delivery times
Good cargo quality control Encourages trade
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINERSHIPS
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS TERMINAL FLOW – IMPORTS
IMPORT CONTAINERS
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS TERMINAL FLOW – EXPORTS
EXPORT CONTAINERS
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS TERMINAL FLOW – TRANSHIPMENTS
IMPORT CONTAINERS
TRANSHIPMENT CONTAINERS
CFS = Container freight station where containers are stuffed and unstuffed MT Depot = area for storing empty containers
M&R = maintenance and repair of containers that are damaged Gate Complex = trucks deliver and collect containers
Railhead = containers are loaded and unloaded on rail wagons
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINER TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
CFS = Container freight station where containers are stuffed and unstuffed MT Depot = area for storing empty containers
M&R = maintenance and repair of containers that are damaged Gate Complex = trucks deliver and collect containers
Railhead = containers are loaded and unloaded on rail wagons
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINER TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
CFS = Container freight station where containers are stuffed and unstuffed MT Depot = area for storing empty containers
M&R = maintenance and repair of containers that are damaged Gate Complex = trucks deliver and collect containers
Railhead = containers are loaded and unloaded on rail wagons
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINER TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
CFS = Container freight station where containers are stuffed and unstuffed MT Depot = area for storing empty containers
M&R = maintenance and repair of containers that are damaged Gate Complex = trucks deliver and collect containers
Railhead = containers are loaded and unloaded on rail wagons
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINER TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
CFS = Container freight station where containers are stuffed and unstuffed MT Depot = area for storing empty containers
M&R = maintenance and repair of containers that are damaged Gate Complex = trucks deliver and collect containers
Railhead = containers are loaded and unloaded on rail wagons
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
CONTAINER TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
For armements, explosives, certain dangerous goods For high-value cargoes
For fast-track containers
For large, awkward or heavy loads
For road vehicles travelling on RoRo vessels
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
DIRECT DELIVERIES
AGAINST
Rapid movement of containers through the Reduces risk of cargo damage
FOR
Possible delays to vessels, vehicles Quay blocked by vehicles, containers.
Delays to ship operation (Un)Loading order sequence
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
DIRECT DELIVERIES
CONTAINER SHIPS & TERMINALS
COMPLEXITY OF YARD MOVES
Section 1 Introduction & Development Section 2 Container Ships & Terminals Section 3 Terminal Equipment
CONTAINER TERMINALS
LECTURE STRUCTURE
Container crane loading ship – 2 mins 30s
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
SHIP-TO-SHORE GANTRY CRANE
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
MOBILE HARBOUR CRANE
BBC Three - The Worlds Toughest Driv ing Tests 4:30 to 10:00 and 49:40 to 54:00
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
STRADDLE CARRIER
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
STRADDLE CARRIER TERMINAL SYSTEM
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
RUBBER TYRED GANTRY – RTG
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY – RMG
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
REACH STACKER
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
FORK LIFT TRUCK
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
TRACTOR TRAILER
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
TRAILER (CHASSIS) TERMINAL SYSTEM
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
AUTOMATIC RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY - ARMG
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
AUTO GUIDED VEHICLE – AGV
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
AUTOMATED TERMINAL SYSTEM
Chassis System RTG System
ASC System Straddle Carrier System