Ecological Evaluation of Marine National Parks Based on Seaweed Community Index

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한수지 49(3), 385-392, 2016

385 Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(3),385-392,2016

Original Article

서 론

세계인구의

2/3

^이상이^해안에^살고^있으므로^연안역^개발

은불가피하며

,

^인간^활동에^기인한^{암반조간대}^생태계도^심각 한교란에직면해있다

.

이러한암반조간대에서식하는해조류 는연안생태계의 중요한일차생산자로서영양염과 탄소순환 에기여하고있으며

,

^어류^및^{무척추동물을}^포함한^다양한^해양 생물의은신처

,

^산란장^및^{먹이장으로서}^중요한^기능을^수행한 다

(Lindstrom, 2009; Wan et al., 2009; Whitaker et al., 2010;

Ja niak and Whitlatch, 2012; Perkol-Finkel et al., 2012; Sath- eesh and Wesley, 2012).

^이외에도

,

^해조류^군집은^해양에^유입 되는유기및무기오염물질을제거하는생물여과자

(bio filter)

로써역할을하지만

,

^반대로^서식지^환경

(

^교란

,

^혹은^오염

)

^의^변 화됨에따라군집구조가바뀌기때문에

(Lemieux and Cusson,

2014),

연안의환경상태의 안정도를 평가하는 생물지표자로

도이용된다

(Worm et al., 2000; Piazzi and Cinelli, 2001; Or-

fanidis et al., 2003; Rindi and Guiry, 2004; Wells et al., 2007;

Scherner et al., 2013).

연안생태계에서형태와구조적복잡성및종다양성을가진해 조류 군집은해양생물의 종다양성을증가시키는 생물공학자

(bioengineer)

의역할을하며

,

환경오염의경고자로서관심이 증대되고있다

(Feely et al., 2004; Pandolfi et al., 2011; Perkol- Finkel et al., 2012; Satheesh and Wesley, 2012).

^최근에^온실가 스인

CO

₂^의^증가로^인한^수온^상승과

CO

₂^농도^증가에^따른^해 양산성화

,

^그리고^{조식동물의}^증가로^인하여^연간

4

^억

6

^천만^톤 의탄소를흡수하는해중림이지속적으로감소되고있어

(Har- ley et al., 2012; Muraoka, 2004; Ordoñez et al., 2014),

^해중림 복원에대한연구가많이수행되고있다

(Whitaker et al., 2010;

Perkol-Finkel et al., 2012).

^따라서

,

^{지구온난화와}^연안의^환경 상태변화를반영하는지표생물인해조류의종다양성과군집구 조변화에대한자료축적이매우중요한시점이다

(Orfanidis et al., 2001; Diaz-Pulido et al., 2011; Roleda et al., 2012).

해조류 군집지수에 기초한 해양국립공원의 생태학적 평가

오지철·최한길

¹

·김철도·안중관*

국립공원관리공단 국립공원연구원 해양연구센터, ¹원광대학교 생명과학부/기초자연과학연구소

Ecological Evaluation of Marine National Parks Based on Seaweed Community Index

Ji Chul Oh, Han Gil Choi

¹

, Cheol Do Kim and Jung Kwan Ahn*

Marine Research Center, National Park Reserch Institute, Korea National Park Service, Yeosu 59769, Korea

1

Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea

Seasonal variability in the algal community structure of intertidal zones was examined at six study sites in Marine National Parks, on the western and southern coasts of Korea from March to November 2015. A total of 193 species of algae, comprising 27 green, 40 brown and 126 red algae, were identified. Algal biomass averaged 101.50 g dry wt./

m

²

with a maximal at Tonggae (168.12 g dry wt./m

²

) and minimum at Haseom (54.49 g dry wt./m

²

). The dominant seaweeds by biomass were Sargassum thunbergii at five sites (Tonggae, Haseom, Namdongri, Ando amd Sinjeonri), and S. fusiforme at Soando. Community indices measured as follows: dominance index (DI), 0.31–0.69; richness index (R), 7.30–11.43; evenness index (J'), 0.33–0.49; and diversity index (H'), 1.15–1.86. As evaluated using community indices and environmental states, the EEI (Ecological Evaluation Index) of the Marine National Park was

“normal”. The present results indicate that seaweed community structures and indices could be used to evaluate the environmental status of coastal ecosystems.

Key words: Biomass, Community structure, Seaweed, National Park

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0385 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(3) 385-392, June 2016

Received 2 May 2016; Revised 27 June 2016; Accepted 27 June 2016

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 61. 640. 2311 Fax: +82. 61. 640. 2399

E-mail address: [email protected]

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오지철

ㆍ

최한길

ㆍ

김철도

ㆍ

안중관

386

우리나라암반해안에서식하는해조상에대한연구는일본인

Okamura (1892)

에의해최초로시작되었으며

,

한국인으로서 는

Kang (1966)

^에^의해^지역별^출현종^연구를^근거로^지리학적 분포가구분되었다

.

이후

,

국내해조류연구는방형구를이용한 피도와빈도측정을통한우점종과수직분포를규명하였으며

,

계절별생물량의변동등에대한정성및정량평가가이루어졌 다

(Song, 1971; Lee et al., 1975; Kim, 1983; Sohn, 1987; Yoo and Kim, 1990).

또한

,

해조류의형태및생존전략에따라

6

개기능형그룹

(

엽 상형

,

^사상형

,

^{성긴분기형}

,

^다육질형

,

^{유절산호말형}

,

^각상형

)

^이 구분되었고

,

^그들의^{구성비율로}^연안역의^{환경상태가}^평가되 었다

(Littler and Littler, 1984; Steneck and Dethier, 1994; Pa- dilla and Allen, 2000).

^이외에도

, Orfanidis et al. (2003)

^은^해조 류출현종의외형

,

생장률

,

표현형의적응성

,

수명및천이속도 를고려하여

5

^개^{기능형으로}^구분된^후^{생태학적평가지수}

(EEI, ecological evaluation index)

^가^{제시되었다}

.

현재

,

해양국립공원은연안개발과관광객증가로유

·

무기오 염물의유입량이급증하고있으며

,

^심각한^{환경변화가}^일어나 고있다

(Choi, 2008; Ahn et al., 2013).

이러한해양국립공원 의연안생태계건강도에대한등급을판단하고지속가능하도 록유지하기위하여관리가매우필요한시점이다

.

^따라서

,

^본 연구는해양국립공원내서식하는해조류의군집구조의특성 과각국립공원의생태학적평가지수

(EEI)

^를^판단하고^관리하 고자수행하였다

.

재료 및 방법

해양국립공원내

6

개 정점

(

통개

-

태안

,

하섬

-

변산

,

남동리

-

진 도

,

^소안도

-

^완도

,

^안도

-

^여수

,

^신전리

-

^통영

)

^에서

2015

^년

3

^월부터

11

^월까지^계절별로^최^간조기에^해조류를^정량^및^정성^채집하

였다

(Fig. 1).

^{정량조사는}^조간대^상

·

^중

·

^하부에^각

2-3

^개의^방형 구

(50 cm × 50 cm)

^를^{무작위적으로}^놓고^방형구^내에^존재하 는해조류를전량채집하였으며

,

해조상을파악하기위하여다 양한기질과조위에서서식하는모든해조류를정성채집하였 다

.

^채집된^해조류는^포르말린

-

^해수^용액

(5-10%)

^으로^현장에 서고정시켜실험실로운반한후현미경을사용하여분류및동 정하였으며

,

^출현종^목록^및^국명은^국가^생물종^목록집

(Kim et al., 2013)

에따랐다

.

정량채집된해조류는담수로수회세척하

여모래와불순물을제거하고

,

^종별로^구분하여

105℃

^로^설정

된건조기에서

24 h

^동안^건조한^후^건중량을^{측정하였고}^단위 면적당생물량

(g dry wt./m

²

)

^으로^{환산하였다}

.

^해조류^종별^평 균생물량과단위면적당생물량구성비

(%)

^를^구하여^생물량^구 성비가

30%

이상인종은우점종으로

, 10-30%

인종은준우점 종으로구분하였다

(Kim et al., 1995; Kim et al., 1997).

^또한

,

정점별출현종과생물량자료를이용하여풍부도지수

(richness index, R),

^{다양도지수}

(diversity index, H')

^와^{균등도지수}

(evenness index, E)

^를^{계산하였다}

(Margalef, 1958; Fowler and Co-

hen, 1990).

^{우점도지수}

(dominance index, DI)

^는^군집^내에서 의 생물량순서에따라제

1, 2

우점종을 선택하고

2

종의생물 량 합에대한 총 생물량의비율로 산출하였다

(McNaughton, 1967; Lee et al., 1983).

해조류의기능형은출현종의외부형태

,

^내부구조

,

^{광합성효율} 등에따라엽상형

,

^사상형

,

^{성긴분기형}

,

^다육질형

,

^{유절산호말} 형

,

각상형의

6

개그룹으로구분하고

(Littler and Littler, 1984), Orfanidis et al. (2003)

^이^엽상체의^외형

,

^생장속도

,

^표현형의^적 응성

,

엽상체의수명및천이속도를고려하여제시한출현종을

5

^개^그룹

(ESG ⅠA=thick perennial; ESGⅠB= thick plastic;

ESGⅠC=shade-adapted plastic; ESGⅡA= fleshy opportunistic; ESGⅡB= filamentous sheet-like, opportunistic.)

으로 구분하고이를생태학적상태그룹

Ⅰ(ecological status group, ESG)

과

Ⅱ

로구분하였다

. Orfanidis et al. (2003)

의

ESG Ⅰ

과

Ⅱ

을이용하여

EEI

^등급을^구하는^공식은^다음과^같다

.

ESG Ⅰ(% coverage) = [(ⅠA1)+(ⅠB0.8)+(ⅠC0.6)] = x ESG Ⅱ(% coverage) = [(ⅡA0.8)+(ⅡB*1)] = y

EEI = a + b(x/100) + c(x/100)

²

+ d(y/100) + e(y/100)

²

+ f(x/100)(y/100)

a = 0.4680; b = 1.2088; c = -0.3583; d = -1.1289; e = 0.5129;

f = -0.1869

해조상의특성을파악하기위하여정성채집된해조류를분류

및동정한후출현종수로갈조류에대한녹조류의비

(C/P),

^갈

Fig. 1. A map of study sites and the location of Marine National Park, western-southern coasts of Korea.

50 100 km 0

38˚N N

36˚N

34˚N

130˚E

126˚E 128˚E

Korea

Tonggae ●

Haseom ●

Namdongri ● ● Soando

●Ando

● Sinjeonri

0 100 200 300 400

Tonggae Haseom Namdongri Soando Ando Sinjeonri

Biomass (g dry wt./m

2

)

Site

Winter Spring Summer Autumn

0 20 40 60 80 100

No. of species

Site

Sheet Filamentous Coarsely-branched Thick-leathery Jointed-calcareous Crustose 100

80 60 40

20

1 10 100

Species rank

Cumulative doninance (%)

▲Tonggae ▼Haseom ■ Namdongri

● Soando ○ Ando ◇Sinjeonri

(3)

해양국립공원의 생태학적 평가

387

조류에대한홍조류비

(R/P),

^갈조류에^대한^녹조류^및^홍조류

의비로

(R+C)/P

를구하였다

(Feldmann, 1937; Segawa, 1956;

Cheney, 1977).

^해조류의^{생물량으로}

K–dominance

^곡선을^그 렸으며

(Lambshead et al., 1983),

군집지수의산출및도식화 에는

PRIMER version 6 (Clarke and Gorley, 2006)

^을^사용하 였다

.

결 과

종조성

본연구기간에해양국립공원내

6

^개^정점에서^출현한^해조류 는총

193

종

(

녹조류

27

종

,

갈조류

40

종

,

홍조류

126

종

)

이었으 며

,

^홍조류는^전체^출현종인

65.28%

^를^차지하여^녹조류와^갈조 류에비해출현빈도가높았다

.

정점별출현종수는하섬에서

72

종으로가장적었고신전리에서

104

^종으로^가장^많았다

(Table 1).

^{해양국립공원}

6

^개^정점에서^연중^관찰되는^해조류는^잎파 래

(Ulva linza),

구멍갈파래

(U. australis),

참깃털말

(Bryopsis plumose),

청각

(Codium fragile),

홋세가닥갯쇠털

(Sphacelaria rigidula),

개그물바탕말

(Rugulopteryx okamurae),

불레기말

(Colpomenia sinuosa),

톳

(Sargassum fusiforme),

지충이

(S.

thunbergii),

^김^류

(Porphyra sp.),

^참산호말

(Corallina officina- lis),

작은구슬산호말

(C. pilulifera),

모자반돌버짐

(Lithophyl- lum dispar),

우뭇가사리

(Gelidium amansii),

애기우뭇가사리

(G. divaricatum),

애기가시덤불

(Caulacanthus ustulatus),

참 풀가사리

(Gloiopeltis tenax),

돌가사리

(Chondracanthus tenellus),

^진두발

(Chondrus ocellatus),

^참까막살

(Polyopes affinis),

긴까막살

(Grateloupia elata),

연마디잘록이

(Lomentaria flacci- da),

비단풀사촌

(Ceramium japonicum),

비단풀

(C. kondoi),

가 는새빨간검둥이

(Neorhodomela munita),

모로우붉은실

(Poly- siphonia morrowii),

참보라색우무

(Symphyocladia latiuscula)

총

27

^종이었다

.

생물량 및 우점종

해양국립공원에서식하는해조류의연평균생물량

(g dry wt./

m

²

)

은

101.50 g dry wt./m

²이였고신전리에서

168.12 g dry wt./

m

²^로^최대였고^하섬에서

54.49 g dry wt./m

²^로^최소였다

. 6

^개의 연구정점에서계절별생물량은

97.03–106.45 g dry wt./m

²^로 추계에최소였고춘계에최대로확인되었다

.

정점별생물량을 보면

,

^태안군^통개에서

46.21–96.18 g dry wt./m

²^로^동계에^가

장낮았고하계에가장높은값을보였다

.

^하섬의^해조류^생물량 은계절별변동이거의없었으며

,

남동리에서는

72.62–176.96 g dry wt./m

²^로^춘계와^추계에^생물량이^높게^나타났다

.

^소안 도에서해조류생물량은동계에

99.07 g dry wt./m

²로최대값 을기록하였으며

,

^다른^계절에는^큰^변화가^없었다

.

^또한

,

^안도 의생물량은

111.41 g dry wt./m

²^으로^하계에^최소였고^동계에

150.36 g dry wt./m

²로최대로나타났다

.

신전리에서생물량은 동계에

130.58 g dry wt./m

²^로^최소였고^추계에

211.61 g dry wt./m

²으로최대로확인되었다

(Fig. 2).

해조류의 연평균 생물량의 구성비를 근거로 한 우점종

(>

30%)

^과 ^준우점종

(10-30%)

^을^살펴보면

,

^통개에서 ^지충이^생 물량은전체생물량

(65.44 g dry wt./m

²

)

의

41.12%

로우점하 였으며

,

^{하섬에서도}^지충이

(63.67%, 34.69 g dry wt./m

²

)

^가^우 점종이었으며

,

전체생물량

(54.49 g dry wt./m

²

)

의

10.74%

를 차지하는구멍갈파래가준우점종이었다

.

^{남동리에서는}^지충이

(65.14%, 84.84 g dry wt./m

²

)

^가^최대^생물량을^보였고

,

^소안도 에서는전체생물량의

30%

이상인종은없었으며

,

톳

(23.58%, 14.28 g dry wt./m

²

),

^잎파래

(18.04%, 1,093 g dry wt./m

²

)

^와^패

(14.54%, 8.81 g dry wt./m

²

)

가준우점종으로나타났다

.

안도에 서도지충이

(49.33%, 64.19 g dry wt./m

²

)

^가^{우점하였으며}

,

^돌 가사리

(12.98%, 16.89 g dry wt./m

²

)

^가^{준우점하였고}^신전리에 서는지충이

(31.98%, 53.77 g dry wt./m

²

)

가우점하는가운데 패

(21.32%),

^개서실

(14.74%),

^톳

(12.88%)

^그리고^{구멍갈파래}

(10.16%)

가준우점종으로분포하였다

(Table 2, Fig. 3).

Fig. 2. Seasonal variations in seaweed biomass (g dry wt./m²) at six study sites of Marine National Park, Korea from March to No- vember 2015. Bar show standard errors (n= 2-3 replicates).

50 100 km 0

38˚N N

36˚N

34˚N

130˚E

126˚E 128˚E

Korea

Tonggae ●

Haseom ●

●Ando

● Sinjeonri

0 100 200 300 400

Biomass (g dry wt./m

2

)

Site

0 20 40 60 80 100

No. of species

Site

80 60 40

20

1 10 100

Species rank

Cumulative doninance (%)

Table 1. The number of macroalgal species observed at Marine National Park, western-southern coasts of Korea

Taxon Tonggae Haseom Namdongri Soando Ando Sinjeonri Total

Chlorophyta 9 13 11 9 15 17 27

Phaeophyta 18 15 16 18 15 25 40

Rhodophyta 51 44 70 50 66 62 126

Total 78 72 97 77 96 104 193

(4)

오지철

ㆍ

최한길

ㆍ

김철도

ㆍ

안중관

388 군집지수

해조류생물량과출현종수로계산된군집지수를살펴보면

,

^해 양국립공원의정점별평균우점도지수

(DI)

^는

0.55

^였고^신전리

에서

0.31

^으로^최소였고^{소안도에서}

0.69

^로^가장^높았다

.

^풍부 도지수

(R)

는평균

8.63

으로나타났으며하섬

(7.30)

에서최소였 고남동리

(10.06)

^에서^최대였다

.

^{출현종수와}^생물량에^따라^변 화하는균등도지수

(J')

는정점별평균

0.40

을보였으며하섬과 남동리에서

0.33

^으로^최소였고^통개에서

0.49

^로^최대를^보였 다

.

^{출현종수와}^종간의^풍부도^데이터

(

^생물량

)

^의^분포인^균등 도지수에의해결정되는다양도지수

(H')

는하섬

(1.15)

에서최 소

,

^통개

(1.86)

^에서^최대값을^나타냈다

.

^해조상의^지역적^특성 을나타내는

C/P, R/P, (R+C)/P

값은각각

0.50-1.00, 2.52-4.38,

3.20-5.40

^의^범위로^{해상해안국립공원은}^온대^및^열대^사이의

혼합형해조상을나타냈다

(Table 3).

기능형 및 연안환경 상태 평가

해양국립공원

6

^개^정점에서^출현한^해조류를^기능형^그룹을 보면

,

엽상형은

10-18

종으로하섬에서최소

,

신전리에서최대 를보였고

,

^사상형은

11-22

^종으로^통개에서^최소

,

^안도에서^최 대를보였다

.

^{성긴분기형은}

36-48

^종으로^{소안도에서}^최소였고 신전리에서최대였으며

,

다육질형은

1-7

종으로하섬에서최소 였고신전리에서최대로확인되었다

.

^{유절산호말형은}

2-10

^종 으로하섬에서최소

,

남동리에서최대였고

,

각상형은소안도에 서

3

^종으로^최소

,

^{남동리에서}

7

^종으로^최대를^보였다

.

^또한

,

^생 태그룹

ESGⅡ

^의^출현종^비율을^살펴보면

,

^통개에서

28.21%

^로 최소

,

소안도에서

40.26%

로최대를보였다

(Fig. 4).

연구정점

6

^곳의^해조류^출현종을

Orfanidis et al. (2011)

^가 제안한

5

개기능형으로구분한후종별연평균피도를이용하 여 생태학적상태등급을구분한결과

EEI

^값은^하섬에서^최소

(5.15)

^였고^안도에서 ^최대

(6.38)

^로 ^{확인되었으며}

,

^{해양국립공} 원조사정점의평균값은

5.82

로보통

(normal)

으로확인되었다

(Table 4)

고 찰

해양국립공원내

6

^개^정점에서^출현한^해조류는^총

193

^종

(

^녹

Table 3. Average biomass (g dry wt./m²) and various community indices of seaweeds at the six study sites in Marine National Park, western- southern coasts of Korea

Community indices Tonggae Haseom Namdongri Soando Ando Sinjeonri

Biomass (g/m²) 65.44 54.49 130.25 60.57 130.12 168.12

Dominance index (DI) 0.50 0.68 0.66 0.69 0.48 0.31

Richness index (R) 7.44 7.30 11.43 7.64 9.19 10.06

Evenness index (J') 0.49 0.33 0.38 0.44 0.42 0.39

Diversity index (H') 1.86 1.15 1.51 1.50 1.59 1.54

C/P 0.50 0.87 0.69 0.50 1.00 0.68

R/P 2.83 2.93 4.38 2.78 4.40 2.48

(R+C)/P 3.33 3.80 5.06 3.28 5.40 3.16

C, Chlorophyta; P, Phaeophyta; R, Rhodophyta

Table 2. Dominant (≥ 30%) and subdominant (10-30%) species in terms of average biomass percentage (%) at six study sties in Marine National Park, western-southern coasts of Korea

Site Dominant and subdominant species Tonggae Sargassum thunbergii (41.12)

Haseom S. thunbergii (63.67), Ulva australis (10.74) Namdongri S. thunbergii (65.14)

Soando S. fusiforme (23.58), U. linza(18.04), Ishige okamurae (14.54)

Ando S. thunbergii (49.33),

Chondracanthus tenellus (12.98)

Sinjeonri S. thunbergii (31.38), I. okamurae (21.32), Chondria crassicaulis (14.74),

S. fusiforme (12.88), U. australis (10.16)

Fig. 3. K–dominance curves (X-axis logged) for average seaweed biomass at Marine National Park, western-southern coasts of Ko- rea.

50 100 km 0

38˚N N

36˚N

34˚N

130˚E

126˚E 128˚E

Korea

Tonggae ●

Haseom ●

●Ando

● Sinjeonri

0 100 200 300 400

Biomass (g dry wt./m

2

)

Site

0 20 40 60 80 100

No. of species

Site

80 60 40

20

1 10 100

Species rank

Cumulative doninance (%)

(5)

389

조

27

^종

,

^갈조

40

^종

,

^홍조

126

^종

)

^이었으며

,

^정점별로

72-104

^종 으로확인되었다

.

인근해역의해조류출현종수는서해안에위 치한태안군학암포에서

2007-2010

^년까지

58-65

^종이^확인되 었으며

(Heo et al., 2015),

변산

5

개정점에서

68

종

(Han et al., 2014),

^{고군산군도}

7

^개^정점에서

58

^종

(Kim et al., 2011)

^으로 서

,

^본^연구^정점에서^출현한^해조류^종수

(

^통개

78

^종

,

^하섬

73

종

)

는인근해역에비해높은수준이었다

.

이외에도서남해안 에위치한해남에서

87

^종

(Oh et al., 2002),

^진도^금갑에서

56

종

(Yoo et al., 2015),

고흥군무인도서에서

80

종

(Song et al., 2011),

^관매도와^{영산도에서}

89

^종

(Han et al., 2016),

^완도^정자 도에서

112

^종

(Yoo et al., 2014)

^이^서식하는^것으로^{확인되었다}

.

남해동부에위치한통영에서

82

종

(Park et al., 2011),

남해고 성에서

102

^종

(Kang and Nam, 2015),

^{한려해상국립공원}^해역 에서

145

종

(Oh et al., 2015)

으로나타났다

.

따라서

, 2015

년도 에채집된해양국립공원해역에서식하는해조류의종수는선 행연구결과에비해많은것으로확인됨으로써국립공원이타 해역에비해청정한곳으로판단된다

.

이에따라해양국립공원

내해역은해조류서식지로적합한환경이라고할수있으며

,

청 정해역인해양국립공원을보전하기위하여좀더지속적인모니 터링으로자료를축적하고해조류의종다양성을확보하기위한 관리방안을마련해야할것으로사료된다

.

본 연구에서 해양국립공원 내 해조류의 연평균 생물량은

101.50 g dry wt./m

²로변산하섬에서최소

(54.49 g dry wt./

m

²

)

^였고^통영^{신전리에서}

168.12 g dry wt./m

²^로^최대였다

.

해조류생물량은태안학암포에서

88.78 g dry wt./m

²였으며

(Heo et al., 2015),

^변산에서

91.45 g dry wt./m

²

(Han et al., 2014),

^관매도와^{영산도에서}

115.89 g dry wt./m

²

(Han et al., 2016),

완도정자도에서

154.78 g dry wt./m

²를보였다

(Yoo et al., 2014).

^또한

,

^고흥군

4

^개의^{무인도서의}^하계^생물량은^평균

50.85 g dry wt./m

²를보였다

(Song et al., 2011).

통영에서생 물량은

622.61 g wet wt./m

²^를^보였다

(Park et al., 2011).

^이외 에도한려해상국립공원내

9

^개^정점에서

358.00 g dry wt./m

²

(Oh et al., 2015),

경남욕지도인근해역의생물량은

235.30 g wet wt./m

²^였다

(Choi et al., 2008).

^본^연구에서^해조류^생 물량은건중량으로측정하여습중량으로측정한결과와의직 접적인비교는어렵지만

,

^건중량

(

^습중량의

1/5)

^으로^환산하면

(Tanigychi, 1998),

^진도^금갑의^연평균^생물량

109.79 g dry wt./m

²

(Yoo et al., 2015),

남해고성에서

263.12 g dry wt./m

²

(Kang and Nam, 2015),

^통영에서^생물량은

124.52 g dry wt./

m

²

(Park et al., 2011)

으로추정할수있다

.

금번에조사된해양 국립공원해역의해조류생물량은국립공원외해에위치한정 점보다내해에서높은생물량을보여해조류가살기에적합한 환경으로판단되어진다

.

해조류는형태및생태학적특성에따라비교적안정된해역 에서서식하는다육질형

,

성긴분기형

,

유절산호말형

,

각상형해

조류

(ESGⅠ)

^와^교란이나^환경오염^해역에서^빠른^생장을^보이

는엽상형과사상형해조류

(ESGⅡ)

^로^구분되고^기능형군^구

성비율은해조류서식환경상태와밀접한관련을보인다고알 려져있다

(Arévalo et al., 2007; Littler and Littler, 1984; Or-

Table 4. Evaluation of ecological status classes and community stability using ESG based on seaweed coverage as modified by Orfanidis et al. (2003)

ESG Tonggae Haseom Namdongri Soando Ando Sinjeonri

ESG IA 2.43 1.38 1.60 2.53 0.70 19.90

ESG IB 5.95 12.35 26.50 4.25 23.23 16.90

ESG IC 5.13 2.90 4.35 0.00 14.43 2.73

ESG IIA 3.88 13.88 16.30 0.80 26.70 20.23

ESG IIB 8.43 10.55 9.45 10.13 0.13 14.95

ESG I 10.26 13.00 25.41 5.93 27.94 35.06

ESG II 11.53 21.65 22.49 10.77 21.49 31.13

EEI/ESC 5.70/normal 5.15/normal 6.11/normal 5.37/normal 6.38/normal 6.20/normal IA, comprises thick perennial; IB, thick plastic; IC, shade-adapted plastic; IIA, comprises fleshy opportunistic; IIB, filamentous sheet-like opportunistic

Fig. 4. Number of seaweed species in functional form groups collected at the six study sites of Marine National Park, western- southern coasts of Korea during the study period.

50 100 km 0

38˚N N

36˚N

34˚N

130˚E

126˚E 128˚E

Korea

Tonggae ●

Haseom ●

●Ando

● Sinjeonri

0 100 200 300 400

Biomass (g dry wt./m

2

)

Site

0 20 40 60 80 100

No. of species

Site

80 60 40

20

1 10 100

Species rank

Cumulative doninance (%)

(6)

오지철

ㆍ

최한길

ㆍ

김철도

ㆍ

안중관

390 fanidis et al., 2001; Pinedo et al., 2007; Wells et al., 2007).

^본 연구에서는

ESGⅡ

의비율이

36.92%

로나타났으며

,

태안학 암포에서

34.65% (Heo et al., 2015),

^{고군산군도}

44.8% (Kim et al., 2011),

진도금갑

32.14% (Yoo et al., 2015)

고흥군

4

개정점에서

33.96%

^로^나타났다

(Song et al., 2011).

^본^연구

해역은

ESGⅡ

^의^비율이^다른^해역과^유사하여^{아직까지는}^해

조류가서식하기에안정된환경으로판단된다

.

또한

,

생태학적

상태지수

(EEI)

^값이

6

^보다^높으면^안정된^영안^생태계로^생태

학적상태등급을양호

(good)

또는매우양호

(very good)

로판 단하고

6

^보다^낮을^경우^생태계의^복원이^{필요하다고}^평가하 였다

(Orfanidis et al., 2001, 2003; Ponti et al., 2009).

^본^연구

에서는사상형및엽상형해조류가우점하는하섬에서

5.15

로

가장낮은

EEI

^값을^보였고

,

^안도에서

6.38

^로^가장^높은

EEI

^값 을보였다

.

그리고해양국립공원평균

EEI

값은

5.82

로서보통

(normal)

^등급으로^{확인되었다}

.

^국내의^대부분^{연구에서는}

Lit- tler and Littler (1984)

^의^{분류방식으로}^환경영향^평가를^함으로 써

Orfanidis et al. (2011)

의

EEI

값과직접적인비교가힘들어 국내연안의생태학적상태등급을알기위해서는학자들의보다 많은연구가필요할것이다

.

현재

,

^{해양국립공원은}^화려한^경관과^{해수욕장이}^잘^발달되어 다양한해안레저와관광을위해방문객이증가하면서방문객 에의한환경변화가심할것으로예측되는지역이나국립공원 외부에위치한정점들보다높은종조성

,

^생물량^등을^보이고^있 어양호한환경상태로판단되어진다

.

그러나해양국립공원내 해조류에대한연구와모니터링은지속적으로이루어지지않 아국립공원내해양서식지를관리하기위한기초자료가부족 한실정이다

.

이에따라해양국립공원내의해양서식지보전및 가치증대를위해서는생태계의기초생산자이자서식지역할 을하는해조류를지속적인모니터링을통하여자료를축적하 고이를통하여관리방안마련에기초자료로서사용되어야될 것이다

.

사 사

이논문은국립공원관리공단국립공원연구원의

“2015

^국립 공원해양생태축기본조사

”

지원에의해수행되었습니다

.

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