Research on the Si ghtseeing System of the Ancient City Based on Virtual Tour Technology
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(2) Research on the Sightseeing System of the Ancient City Based on Virtual Tour Technology 가상투어기술을 기반으로 한 명소관광시스템 연구 LU JINGQI_GSAIM of Chung-Ang University / Kim, Hyung Gi_GSAIM of Chung-Ang University 노정기,중앙대학교 첨단영상대학원 / 김형기(교신저자),중앙대학교 첨단영상대학원. ABSTRACT Keyword Virtual Tour Pingyao Ancient City Virtual Sightseeing System MAYA Unity3D. 요약 중심어 가상투어 핑야오고성 가상명소관광 MAYA Unity3D. With the coming of information technology age in 21stcenturyand the rapid development of mobile internet, the connection between human and internet has become closer than ever. More importantly, the information technology also paved a way for virtual reality. As a major branch in virtual reality, virtual tour technology can stride over the restrict of time and space, and provide a new viewing experience. In this paper, the author first introduces virtual tour technology and industries related to virtual tour technology, which focuses on the relationship between virtual tour technology and tourism industry. Then, after analyzing three cases which used virtual tour technology, the author discusses related techniques and effects. Finally, the author makes a sightseeing system of ancient city based on virtual tour technology. What’s more, the author of this paper describes the process of individual work in detail and states some technological difficulties have met. In the conclusion part, the author comes up with the relationship between technique and arts in virtual tour system and states the advantages of virtual roaming in tourism industry. By selecting Pingyao ancient city in Shanxi Province, China as the research object, the author of this paper designed and implemented a set of the ancient city of virtual sightseeing system based on virtual tour technology. On the basis of respect for the original ancient city, the author selected some representative scenic spots in the virtual reconstruction of the ancient city and form relatively novel three-dimensional landscape system. First, the author makes use of three-dimensional modeling software MAYA to create 3D models of the City Wall, Gate Tower, Ri-Sheng-Chang, Flag Tower, Gate Archway and ten ancient folk houses. Then, by using Unity3D, the author carries out the virtual scene integration and interaction designing and add collision and environmental effects. After testing the system, it can be shown that the system has broken the limitations of traditional tourism advertise approaches and the alternatively designed system freely can help the customers to enjoy the charm of Pingyao ancient city without leaving their house, which can save the cost, speed up the publicity and increase a lot of fun to the experience. 21세기 전 세계가 정보 기술 시대에 들어서면서, 모바일 네트워크가 빠른 속도로 발전되었다. 이에 따라 사람과 네 트워크의 결합이 점점 더 밀접하도록 만들었고, 기술의 전파와 소통은 더욱 빨라짐과 동시에 효과적이게 되었다. 오 늘날 컴퓨터기술은 한 단계 더 높이 응용되고 발전할 수 있게 되었으며, 인류를 위해 또 다른 초현실 공간 — 가상 현실 공간을 개척해주었다. 가상투어 기술은 가상 현실 기술의 한 개 큰 줄기로서, 시간과 공간의 제한을 뛰어넘고, 인류의 시각적 체험에 새로운 방식을 제공해주었다. 본 논문은 우선 가상투어 기술에 관한 기본개론을 서술하고, 가 상투어 기술이 각 업계에서의 활용 방향성을 연구할 것이다. 그 중, 가상투어 기술과 관광업계의 관계를 중점적으로 연구하고자 한다. 가상투어 기술을 활용하여 제작한 명소 관광 로밍 시스템 사례 분석을 통해, 관련 기술과 내용을 구체적으로 분석하여, 이를 바탕으로 명소 관광시스템에 존재하는 부족한 점들을 찾아 가상투어 기술을 기반으로 한 고성 명소 관광시스템을 디자인 및 제작한 연구이다. 앞서, 제품 제작과정을 상세히 소개하고, 기술에서의 난이점들 을 종합하고, 결론에는 언급한 사례와 개인작품들을 전체적으로 비교 및 분석을 진행하고, 그 밖에 가상투어 시스템 제작과정에서 기술과 예술의 관계를 나타냄과 동시에 가상투어 기술이 관광업계에서 활용되는 장점을 언급하고, 마지 막으로 미래의 기술과 발전에 대해 견해를 정리하였다. 개인작품은 『중국 산서성 ‘핑야오고성’』을 연구대상으로 하였 고, 고성의 원모를 존중하는 차원에서 고성의 가장 대표적인 관광지를 선택하여 가상 재건을 하면서 새로운 3D 경관 시스템을 형성하여 최신 시각적 체험을 경험할 수 있게 표현하였다. 3D 모델링 프로그램 MAYA를 활용하여 성벽과 성문루, 일성창, 시루, 문패방 및 건물 10채(주민구)에 대해 3D 모델링을 진행하고, Unity 3D를 통해 가상 환경에 대하여 융합적이고 인터렉티브 맞춤 디자인을 진행하였다. 본 디자인 설계에 있어 충돌 발생 여부 및 환경효과 요소 를 추가하였다. 한 세트의 시스템에 대한 테스트를 통해, 이 투어시스템은 기존 전통적인 관광홍보방식의 국한성을 깨뜨리고, 자유로운 맞춤 디자인 시스템으로 탈바꿈하면서 사용자가 집을 나서지 않아도 ‘핑야오고성’의 매력을 온몸 으로 느낄 수 있게 하여, 홍보 예산을 줄일 수 있고, 빠르게 홍보할 수 있게 하며, 체험을 통한 재미를 더해 줄 수 있 다.. 156.
(3) 1. Introduction 1.1. Research Background and Research Objectives With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital media has became the main stream of mass media, then comes the virtual roaming. As a major branch of virtual reality, the features of virtual tour, which state immersion, interactivity and imagination made virtual roaming transcend other wandering technique and systems.1) The technology of virtual tour breaks through the limitations of traditional media with its three-dimensional visual effects, virtual lenses and dynamism, attracts public’s attention immediately and is widely used in medical, education, military, construction, and entertainment industries. As a major branch of the service industry, tourism also divert their attention to virtual tour in order to provide better services to customers and deliver more effective travel information in recent years. More and more tourism companies and departments have chosen to explore virtual online visits. By using the new technology to see the world, the visitors can enjoy the world wherever and whenever they like. The ancient city of Pingyao ( Shanxi Province, China) is a representative urban architecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. Pingyao urban architecture provides the most vivid and complete information on the study of Han people’s history, culture, society, economy and religion for later generations. In a sense, the later generations should pay respects to the ancient city of Pingyao. The author of this paper not only analyzes some successful virtual tour cases at home and abroad, but also tries to elaborate on individual work. Taking the ancient city of Pingyao ( Shanxi, China) as an example, the author states the shortcoming of the current publicity, which is still in media advertisements stage. Through media advertisements, but the audience can only absorb the given ads simply, they cannot interact with advertisements. In a word, traditional media advertisements lack immersion. In the individual work part, the author tries to present an improvement program, by using virtual tour technology to simulate real scenarios and then states the relationship between art and technology which states integrated and indispensable. 1.2. Research Methods Nowadays, virtualization has become one of the hottest IT technologies, especially in the background of advocating cloud computing, energy conservation, emission reduction and Green IT, which are all based on virtualization.2)First of all, a large number of case data are collected and analyzed, besides the author also chooses some representative cases for detailed analysis from the perspective of virtual roaming in scenic sightseeing. Secondly, as for individual designing work, in terms of art, the author discusses the scene design ideas combined with unique cultural background and adds a large number of elements with the characteristics of Shanxi folk customs in the production process. The author follows modem public aesthetic in the designing process of individual work, and focuses on the user's visual perception; in terms of technology, following the proportion of the ancient city architecture, the author uses MAYA modeling software to build a three-dimensional model and focuses on debugging the layout structure of the entire model, and then uses Adobe Photoshop, a graphics software, to complete the details of the mapping, and finally on Unity3D 1) https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8 2) Nelson Ruest&Danielle Ruest, 『虚拟化技术指南』, 机械工业出版社, 2011 Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 157.
(4) Platform, the author builds a virtual camera and completes the designing of the entire virtual tour system.. <Figure1>Research methods of individual designing work. 2. Overview of Virtual Tour 2.1. Introduction of Virtual Tour Technology The concept of Virtual Reality was first put forward by Stanley G. Weinbaum in his science fiction Pygmalion's Spectacles, which described a virtual reality system. Stanley’s virtual reality system included smell, touch and holographic helmet visor.3) Virtual tour is roaming in a virtual reality environment, which is based on real objects, adding some multimedia like images, audio, text etc. to provide an overall display of various scenes, including buildings, cities, scenic spots. Through virtual tour system, users can not only get an overall view of the scene, but also can watch the details if they like. All the roaming objects of virtual roaming is based on real data. This is the distinguishing feature of virtual tour. Objects that are roamed are all real existed objectives. The reason it is called virtual is because the tour form is virtual, which is a new virtual information environment based on the multidimensional information space. Early in 1993, Burdea G. and Philippe Coffet, scientists from the United States, have defined virtual reality technology in their article "Virtual Reality System and Applications."4) Burdea G. and Philippe Coffet firstly defines the characteristics of virtual. reality. technology. which. states. as. immersiveness,. interactivity,. and. conceivability. As an important branch of virtual reality technology, virtual tour technology also shared the three features mentioned above. Immersion or telepresence is the core feature of virtual roaming technology. By using hardware devices outside and body perception, users can obtain a real tour experience in the virtual environment constructed by computers.5)Interactivity, by using specialized input and output devices, users can percept the objects within the virtual environment and get feedback within.6) Conception is also known as imagination. Though the virtual environment are based on the real world, the virtual tour system are designed by the designer, and it contains the imagination and thoughts of the designer, through which users can acquire new knowledge, improve sensibility and rational knowledge and even sprout some new ideas in the process of virtual tour. So, conceivability is not only for designers, but also for. 3) https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E#cite_note4) Burdea G.&Philippe Coffet, 『Virtual Reality System and Applications』, 世界电子年会, 1993 5) 黄颖, 「基于Unity3D虚拟现实技术的岳麓书院3D漫游设计」, 湖南大学 硕士学位论文, 2016 6) 喻晓和, 『虚拟现实技术基础教程』, 北京清华大学出版社第一版，2015 158.
(5) users. According to the lectures given by Professor Kruij and Riecke at the IEEE VR conference, the roaming methods of virtual reality can be divided into three categories: full action cues, partial action cues, and no action cues.7)The "action clue" here refers to whether the user is actually performing physical movement during the roaming process. Full motion cues refer to one-to-one physical movement. If users want to complete an action in virtual environments, they also need to complete the same action in reality. In other words, if users take a step in real environment, they also need take a step in virtual environment; if users rotate 45 degrees in the real environment and they will rotate 45 degrees in virtual environment accordingly, such as the most common free-space walking VR application. Full motion cues is easy for the user to learn. Some physical & vestibular self-motion cues refer to the movement in situ. Users just need to complete some action in situ. Kitson and Hashemian at Simon Fraser University pointed out low cost "lean-based" roaming technology, in which users can move their body in virtual environment by sitting in a chair, moving their body forward, backward, left and right without moving "lean-based". roaming. technology,. there. is. another. their position. Except. interaction. method. called. "walk-in-place" (WIP) what belongs to partial action cues, which was proposed ten years ago. No/minimal physical & vestibular self-motion cues refer to virtual travel, which means that users is not actually performing the corresponding movement, they only operating the mouse or the gamepad. This type of roaming technology does not supports real physical exercise, although the users know they are in a virtual tour. Currently, two kinds roaming methods are popular: one-to-one movement, that is, a full movement cue and No/minimal physical & vestibular self-motion cues. In No/minimal physical & vestibular self-motion cues, users do not need large-scale professional equipment, they can complete roaming on the mobile, computers and other mobile devices. As for partial action cues, current technology is still not mature enough to support a stable partial action cues system with excellent tour experience. This paper will focus on No/minimal physical & vestibular self-motion cues and works without self-motion cues. Individual work will also based on No/minimal physical & vestibular self-motion cues. The methods of designing and implementing virtual touring system can be roughly divided into three types: Direct Modeling method, Scene Model Importing method and Image Rendering method.8) Direct modeling method is suitable for scenes with simple structures, few edges and standardized shapes, such as distant buildings, small buildings that are dotted in large-scale scenes. Scene Model Importing requires professional modeling software to build a 3D model manually, which requires a lot of time to build models and scenes. Besides, because the lighting effects of the roaming scene is generated by the numeric inputs and the position of the scene model which is inputted, the color gradation is weak relatively. The model cannot reappear the realistic world even texture rendering is used, which is still artificial looking. However, model making is more elaborate due to the rapid development of modeling software, and designers have rich model resources to use, which speed up the design process quickly. Therefore, Scene Model Import method has become the mainstream 7) http://www.cnblogs.com/mysunnytime/p/8181709.html 8) https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8 Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 159.
(6) technology in design field. Image Rendering method, first appeared in Quick Time system, which uses real-time image processing to generate 3D landscape effects, uses unconstrained images instead of movie fragments, and real-time images instead of movie playback. The scene effects are very real, but there exists jumping in the process of scene switching. Scene Model Import uses a 360-degree panoramic image which was captured at fixed point and uses real-time images which was scanned continuously the surrounding space by photographing devices. A laser scanner is necessary when accuracy is required, in order to obtain the real images’ data and display the corresponding part of the panoramic image. Because the panoramic image produced by Scene Model Import is stitched by a series of partial images, customers can get a full view of the scene. Compared with roaming in 3D model world, Scene Model Import is more suitable for complex landscape roaming which avoid complex 3D modeling work. Considering Scene Model Import method and Image Rendering method are widely used nowadays and the limited usage of direct modeling method in reality, the author of this paper will focus on the works based on the Scene Model Import method and Image Rendering method, and the individual work will adopt Scene Model Import method. 2.2. Industries Related to Virtual Tour Technology Virtual tour technology has been widely used in different industries recent years, such as urban planning, education, historic preservation, medical treatment, real estate, surveying and mapping, manufacturing, military and aerospace. Ivan Sutherland first mentioned the concept of virtual system in. The Ultimate Display 1965, which. stimulates the entire virtual industry technology and provides a direction for the information technology researchers in the 1970s. After more than 40 years, the application of virtual technology has finally entered the mass market industry from high-end industry. Virtual Mall. Through mall searching and panoramic navigation,. users can get product and mall. information quickly through roaming navigation. Through virtual roaming navigation in airport terminal buildings, traffic stations etc.,. Transportation Hub. passers can get valid geographical location information quickly through visualization facilities.. Public Security Fire Control. Factory Management. Providing three-dimensional panoramic information of important buildings. Users can obtain safety information quickly. Training employees through virtualization of production sites and equipment, which can be practiced repeatedly in virtual environments and save costs and resources. Through virtual self-service browsing in museums, science and technology museums,. Self-service Tour. art exhibitions, etc. users can know the terrain and exhibition hall information quickly and experience an immersive tour. Virtual tour system in tourism industries can achieve good advertising effects.. Virtual Exhibition Virtual Tour of Real Terrain. Virtual tour of various exhibitions which can preserve the original prototype completely Terrain virtual roaming with large view has become. an indispensable part in combat. preparing, driver training, and simulation. training.. Virtual Sightseeing of Scenic. Virtual roaming technology enables visitors to travel around the world without leaving. Spots and Historical Sites. their houses.. .... .... <Figure 2> Industries Related to Virtual Tour Technology 160.
(7) Except the above mentioned industries which related to virtual roaming technology, there are lots of other industries that are related with virtual roaming technology nowadays, and mass industries are bringing virtual technology into people’s daily life. As for the universality of virtual roaming technology, tourism industry do the best, because virtual tour has appeared outstanding effects in tourism. Building roaming is one of the most important manifestations in virtual roaming, which uses the multi-dimension of virtual roaming. Users can watch all the internal and external structures contained in virtual tour system by themselves and sense the differences between different cultures in different systems. In tourism, the virtual visiting of sightseeing just relies on virtual roaming technology, thus a new term “virtual travel” is appeared. Early in 2001, Chinese Dr. Xu Su-ning, who is engaged in the research of resource and management information systems and the development and management of tourism resources, have given the definition of virtual tourism in. Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Virtual Tourism, which states: to present landscapes dynamically to visitors by using Internet or other devices, through which visitors can choose routes, touring speeds and viewpoints by themselves and enjoy beautiful views without leaving their houses.9)Virtual roaming can reveal the essence of landscape and break through the limitations of time, space, and external conditions. Virtual roaming is a perfect way to advertise scenic spots and historic sites, which can provide virtual restorations of disappeared monuments. It is a perfect combination of technology, art and historical cultures.10)This paper will focus on the application of virtual roaming technology in tourism, that is, the production and application of sightseeing systems.. 3. Virtual Tour Technology and Sightseeing Systems 3.1. Busan Coast in South Korea Located in southeastern of the Korean peninsula, Busan is the second-largest city and the largest port city in South Korea. Busana is a modern metropolis with various marine scenic spot, historic sites, and bustling shopping districts.11) The geographical position of Busana is unique, where rivers, lakes, and seas gather together and mountains are also embedded in the city tightly. What’s more, by adding the clean and blue water, coastlines in various shape, beautiful beaches and fantastic cliffs, the entire coastline looks like a huge natural park. Strolling on the seaside of Busan, visitors can free from busy lives in noisy and congested cities and enjoy the pleasant view. The virtual tour system of Busan Coast, made by a Chinese team in 2003, is a panoramic virtual sightseeing system. This panoramic system uses image rendering method and panoramic shooting method. . First, they photographed with wide-angled cameras, and imported the pictures into PTGui, a panorama stitching software and combined a panoramic image after. repeated collaging and testing. Busan’s panoramic. system supports 720-degree visits, which can present distant scene before visitors’ eyes. Although the tour system of Busan was a very good virtual sightseeing system at that time, it was made in the early years of China, when the technology of China 9) 徐素宁, 韦中亚, 杨景春, 『虚拟现实技术在虚拟旅游中的应用』, 地理学与国土研究, 2001 10) 余雅师, 『浅谈虚拟古迹漫游动画在旅游业中的应用』, 论文发表向导网, 2014 11) http://chinese.visitkorea.or.kr/common_intl/mapInformation.kto?md=chs&func_name=main(韩国旅游发展局中文官网) Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 161.
(8) had not so developed. With the development of technology, the flaw of this system app eared, i.e. the perspective of the tour is fixed. In other words, visitors cannot walk, cannot move forward or backward in this system, which limits the visits area greatly.. <Figure 3> Virtual Tour of Busan Coast. 3.2. The Forbidden City in China The Forbidden City is a royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, which locates on the central axis of Beijing. It is a representative work of ancient Chinese palace architecture. The Forbidden City of Beijing is centered on three main temples: Taihe Temple, Zhonghe Temple, and Baohe Temple, covers 720,000 square meters and has 150,000 square meters construction area. There are about 70 palaces and 9,000 houses in the Forbidden City. It is one of the most complete and grandest wooden structures existed in the world. The Forbidden City was hailed as the first palace among the world’s top five palaces. Beijing Imperial Palace was listed as the first batch of nation-level preservation units of cultural relics in 1961. In 1987, The Forbidden City was listed as a world cultural heritage site. The Cultural Assets Institute of Forbidden City was established in October 2003, which was co-founded by National Palace Museum of China and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. of Japan. The Institute uses advanced digital technology to preserve, protect and display the precious human cultural heritage.12) In 2014, “The Forbidden City, the Emperor’s Palace” is officially met with visitors. By using scene model importing method and virtual 3D modeling, this system restores the real scene of the Forbidden City. Visitors can move freely in this virtual three-dimensional space, hovering in the air like a swallow, enlarging and appreciating the subtle details. This virtual roaming system not only displays the Taihe Temple, which located in the center of the Forbidden City in detail, but also includes the grand space of the entire Forbidden City, as well as the space between Tian’anmen, the imperial city's main gate and Taihe Temple. If visitors overlook the entire Forbidden City, they can enjoy the surrounding environment outside, the architectural structure, and even the paintings and cultural relics inside the palace. Compared to the virtual tour system of Busan, the technology used in the virtual tour system of the Forbidden City is more advanced, the operating system is more complete and the displayed landscape are also more abundant.. <Figure 4 > The Forbidden City - Emperor's Palace 12) http://www.dpm.org.cn/Home.html(故宫博物院官网) 162.
(9) 3.3. Pont du Gard in France Pont du Gard which located in the heart of Provence is a great water conservancy project in ancient Rome and one of the most beautiful ancient Roman buildings in the world. Pont du Gard is an historical heritage that cannot be missed. In 1985, UNESCO declared Pont du Gard as the World Heritage Site. In 2004 and 2010, it was awarded the Grand Site de France for its natural surroundings by French Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.13) The virtual tour of Pont du Gard was selected from official website, providing visitors far away in other countries an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of Pont du Gard. Lots of scenic spots were included in the virtual roaming system: waterway bridge, buildings around it, through which visitors can enjoy beautiful scenery. Like the virtual tour of Busan, this system also takes image rendering method, picturing on-site and image synthesizing afterwards. While the virtual tour system of Pont du Gard covers richer landscape, which includs 7 architectural landscapes around. Visitors can not only appreciate the scenery of the bridge itself, but also realize the beauty of the surrounding environments. Besides, in terms of technology realization methods, Pont du Gard’s. are different from the Forbidden City used, but it also achieves good visual. effects.. <Figure 5 > Virtual Tour of Pont du Garde. 4. Virtual Tour and the Designing of Sightseeing System of the Ancient City The ancient city of Pingyao is located in Pingyao County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China. In 1997, UNESCO declared the ancient city of Pingyao as the World Heritage Site. In 2011, New York Times listed 41 most of the tourist spots in the world, in which Pingyao ranked 37 for the preservation of “old tradition”. Pingyao has a complete ancient county structure so far in China, and was the financial center of China in late Qing Dynasty. At that time, more than 20 draft banks headquartered in Pingyao, which accounted more than half of the whole country. Among these ancient banks, Risheng Chang was the largest and can be used nationwide. There are various sites inside and outside the Pingyao ancient city, including more than 300 ancient buildings, nearly 4,000 well-preserved houses in the Ming and Qing dynasties and numerous street shops. So, Pingyao the ancient city of China, is known as a live sample of ancient Chinese cities.14) Frank Shaw, a futurist research scholar once predicted that people will simplify their vacations in the future and travel agencies will improve the services they provided. Visitors can experience scenes before they decide where they really want to go. This tourism form is very mature.15)The predictions one made are coming true slowly with 13) http://pontdugard.com/cn(德嘉水道桥官方网站) 14) https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%A5%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 163.
(10) the rapid development of science and technology nowadays. Taking the ancient city of Pingyao in Shanxi Province as example, the author of this paper tries to design a virtual tour system by using model import method. 4.1. Designing of Scene Structure The designing of scene structure will affect the visual effects of the entire system directly. The virtual system depends on technical, but the art design determines whether the system can be widely accepted or not. Therefore, technology and art are two indispensable parts in the process. In this section, the author tries to explain the layout of the entire scene by combining cultural background. 4.1.1. Layout of Scene The layout of the entire scene follows the real layout of Pingyao ancient city strictly. A. few. representative. landscapes. are. selected because the real scene is too large. The whole layout is centered on Flag Tower. Ri-Sheng-Chang is designed 68㎜(본문의 1/2). as an accessible quadrangle courtyard, where tourists can walk into the courtyard and enjoy the details. Various dwellings are distributed on both sides of the road. The entire system is surrounded by city walls and gate towers and the walls are. <Figure 6>Panoramic view of Pingyao Ancient City. decorated with lanterns and military flags.. 4.1.2. Design of Scene Model The regularized city wall is a basic manifestation and one of a distinguished features of ancient building. Gate towers are added in the virtual tour system in order to avoid visual monotony. What’s more, lanterns and military flags are added around the city walls and gate towers in the designing process according to the real environment of ancient city, which can not only enhance the visual effects, but also reflect the details of the design.. <Figure 7> City Walls and Gate Towers. As the prototype of bank in the history of China, Ri-Sheng-Changcameintobeinginthe Jiaqing Period of the Qing Dynasty. Ri-Sheng-Chang not only promoted the currency circulation and economic development at that time, but also showed the wisdom and talents of Shanxi merchants. The architecture layout of Ri-Sheng-Chang is rigorous, which emphasizes symmetry and the old tradition of China, respect for hierarchy and the older. Therefore, red color and gold color were heavily used in the mapping 15) https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8 164.
(11) process to convey the historic value of Ri-Sheng-Chang accurately and reappear the glorious days. Besides, the water tank which placed in the middle of the courtyard was preserved in the interior layout of the courtyard in designing process. Because according to Shanxi Merchants culture, putting a water tank in the middle of the courtyard has the intention of gathering money. Besides, if a courtyard was surrounded by single slope roofs , it also means “collecting wealth” because all the rainwater will flow directly to the courtyard. What’s more, the "Gold Ingots " decorations hanging at the entrance of the courtyard are also preserved to reflect the reality of the model and show the original details to visitors.. 33㎜. <Figure 8> Layout and Details of Ri-Sheng-Chang. <Figure 9> Flag Tower. Flag Tower is one of the most representative buildings of Pingyao, which is located in the center of the ancient city and ran through north and south. The building images of flag tower are beautiful, with a square plane, containing four floors, is 18.5 meters high. Flag tower also linked residential houses. Visitors can enjoy the entire city of Pingyao when they standing on the flag tower. The blue-green glazed tiles are the most attractive feature of the flag tower. But after years of erosion, the glazed tiles of today have lost rich and soft colors hundreds years ago. So bright blue was used in mapping process in order to reappear the past glorious days. Various folk houses in different structures can reveal folk customs best. These folk houses are brick walls and tile-roofs, with exquisite brick carvings, vivid wood carvings, lifelike stone carvings, and rustic hollow windows. These ancient folk houses can show the unique style of the ancient city Pingyao. Ten folk houses of three social class are chosen in model making process, which state simpleness, well-to-do, and luxury. By designing the model like this, the architecture structure and folk features contained in the building fully.. <Figure 10 > Folk Houses. The gate archway is a special architecture form of the Han. 33㎜. nationality in China. As a representative of the Han architectural buildings, gate archway is an indispensable part in Pingyao ancient city. The author simplifies the model in order to eliminate complex visual effects and adopts golden tiles in mapping.. <Figure 11> Gate Archway. Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 165.
(12) Besides, hand-painted textures are used at detail place, so that the visual effect is not so boring and the tour system looks more tasteful. 4.2. Technical Implementation Virtual architecture scene roaming is a representative tour in virtual roaming, which is a combination of modeling technology and virtual roaming technology. And modeling technology is the foundation of the tour system and virtual roaming technology operating methods.16) In terms of technology implementation, two applications are used in this paper, MAYA and Unity3D. In this section, the author will briefly describe the entire production process by combining the skills and problems have met in the designing process. 4.2.1. Three-dimensional Modeling MAYA, Autodesk's modeling software, is compatible with Unity. Building models which are made. in MAYA can be imported into Unity and reappear directly.17)Generally. speaking, there are three modeling methods: subdivision curve modeling, polygon modeling, and NURBS modeling. Subdivision curve modeling and polygonal modeling are used because the architectural shape structure is not complicated except the tile parts. The appearance of the tour model affects visitors’ visual experience directly. A detailed modeling can achieve good visual effects, but excessive details will cause data burden and slow the system. To ensure the speed and interface the virtual system, there are two methods to optimize the model, simplifying modeling and naming conventions. Simplify modeling can quicken the modeling speed and ensure the authenticity of the model meanwhile. The system designed in this paper is too large scene, so the most important thing the author need to do is to control the titles’ number strictly. Because the chance of fragmentation will increase with the titles’ number when the engine is imported later. Therefore, the author simplifies the processing of complex internal structures and distant areas visitors cannot see, which are demonstrated by texture mapping. Naming conventions are designed to avoid unnecessary problems and inconveniences, which can also save time and resources. Firstly, because some modules use the same materials in the modeling process, in order to avoid repeatedly creating and avoid wasting resources, it is necessary to reuse these materials. Therefore, when naming materials, it is necessary to unify the name of materials and the names of models. And since Unity3D does not support Chinese format, English names are necessary for this virtual tour system. Second, system cannot recognize if the same name is used in different materials, and cross color will appear. Therefore, different material must named uniquely. 4.2.2. UV Mapping UV exhibition needs uvlayout software, which has the function of automatic flattening. Firstly, the author selects models that need to show UV from MAYA, exports the selecting models into obj format, and then opens these models in uvlayout. Then in uvlayout, the author cuts the models, expands them, saves the expanding images, and 16) https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8 17) 安葳鹏, 孟卫娟, 屈星龙, 『基于虚拟现实的煤矿大型设备培训系统研究』, 测控技术, 2016 166.
(13) returns to the MAYA scene. The UV texture editor in MAYA is used in the process to ensure the inosculation between UV and modules. UV exhibition are much easier by using uvlayout software. It is worth to mention that not all objects in the scene needs UV exhibition. There is no need to do UV exhibition to objects with simple morphological structure and few lines, such as walls and steps. Objects like this can map in MAYA directly. In the following part, the author will introduce model mapping. 4.2.3. Model Mapping There are two mapping modeling methods in the scene. First, the author saves the UV snapshoot in MAYA, exports UV edges, imports the edges into Adobe Photoshop and maps according to the UV exhibitions. Exquisite details and material’s concave-convex can be demonstrated by using this method. The visual effects can be abundant. The second method is to create mental ray in MAYA, attach appropriate images to mental ray directly, and then attach mental ray directly to the model. When the textures and the models are different in size slightly, the author adjusts the map size by modulating the X, Y, and Z axes of planar mapping so that the map can fit in with the model. The second method is simpler and quicker than the first one, but the texture is weaker and the content is limited. Different mapping methods are selected for different models. In the detail parts of construction structure, such as the sparrow brace, the author uses the first method. To ensure the details of construction, the. author draws first and then mapping. As for. the large textures such as walls and doors, the second method is used. The author directly do the mapping work in MAYA, which can saves time and increases work efficiency. 4.2.4. Virtual roaming The author selects Unity3D to do the interactive production of the roaming system. The Unity Engine is a comprehensive game engine developed by Unity Technologies of the Netherlands, which allows users to create 3D video effects, 3D video games, real-time 3D animations, architectural visualizations, etc, characterized by interactive content, multi-platform and commercialization. 18). There are two types of roaming perspectives: first-person perspective and third-person perspective. The author of this paper takes first person perspective, so that the users can have a more immersive experience. In the process, the author saves the big scene in MAYA as an fbx file, and groups all the textures into Unity3D’s assets folder, then imports the fbx file into Unity3D, meanwhile the map can match automatically. And then the author uses the Unity3D plugin to add ground, sky and trees in order to make the scene looks more complete. Finally, through physics in the component menu, the author uses Box Collider adding collisions to the walls and ground, makes the ground and wall become the tools of normative roaming path, by doing this visitors’ virtual perspective can be maintained in normal place.. 18) 林深华, 范志尚, 蒋建兵等, 『基于Android平台Unity3D游戏设计与实现』, 企业科技与发展, 2013 Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 167.
(14) <Figure 12> Importing scenes in engine. 4.2.5. Lighting Test Three different weather conditions are produced in this system, namely daylight, evening and night. Besides the atmosphere created by light, the author also adds different light effects in different sky environments to make the visual effects more attractive. Since Pingyao ancient city is an outdoor building, natural light is mainly used. When creating daytime effects, the author uses Directional Light, adds two directions, and changes one light source to light yellow, the other to orange, in order to soft the visual effects. And Point Light is used in the architectural details. Natural soft is the main light of this system. In the production of evening and night, the author uses a different sky environment plug-in, and adds Point Light with different intensities to the windows of folk houses, in order to create a warm effect with lights on.. <Figure 13 > Lighting debugging of the scene. 4.3. Summary of Technical Difficulties The application of virtual reality technology are widely used. in China recent years,. especially in tourism. However, there still exist defects in virtual tour system, such as the shortage of immersion and the unlifelike images.19) The author tries to summarize some technical difficulties have met in the designing process. the effect of the screen is not realistic enough. First, contradiction between the model’s verisimilitude and instantaneity of computer graphics is the biggest difficulty in current virtual roaming in building scenes. Because the distance between visitors and buildings are very close in building virtual system, the visual effects should be subtle enough. It takes more time to achieve a perfect fineness of the model. Besides, constrained by the performance of computer, the more complex the model is, the effects of the instantaneity of computer is relatively poor when drawing, so the visual experience will be relatively poor. This contradiction is universal in virtual reality system. In this case, it is necessary to select a compromise point between accuracy and drawing speed, so that model authenticity can be achieved in certain degree and instantaneity cannot be affected. Second, the engine’s tolerance for the models’ number is limited when receiving model 19) 黄筱佟, 『Shader技术在优化自然景观效果方面的研究』, 科技风, 2017 168.
(15) group, which affects the fineness of the model in a certain degree. This problem has happened in the designing process. When modeling in MAYA, the tiles on houses are modeled one by one and combined together then. And the visual effects presented is perfect aesthetically. However, when the building model was imported into the engine, there comes a problem. Because the number of the tiles has exceed the engine's tolerance range, the original neat construction has broken tiles and missing walls in the engine. Finally, after repeated trials, the previous tile was dismantled. The author uses polygon modeling method to model the entire roof, adds the mental ray and makes the overall mapping. Although problem has been solved finally, it still cannot make up for the insufficient of visual effect. A better visual tour experience is waiting for more advanced technology in the future.. 5. Conclusion After a period of more than 2,700 years, the ancient city of Pingyao, with the pride and regret of the ancients, showed the glorious magnificence in that era, providing a realistic background for the posterity. In terms of individual work, in order to transfer the cultural charm of Pingyao the ancient city to more people, modeling in MAYA, the author builds a virtual tour system of Pingyao the ancient city on Unity3D platform. This deigning opens up a new way for virtual sightseeing system. The interactive system can make visitors’ tour experience more immersive, and makes the publicity of scenic spot more vivid and effective. The individual work of this paper is a research based on new technologies and social development trends. Given the limited capacity of individual, the research have done is far from enough. There is still a lot to be improved, such as a better system, a more natural rendering environment, a easier operating software, etc. After comparing and analyzing the four works that appeared in this paper, the author draws the following chart. Landscape’s. Time. costs. Visual effects. system. popularity. enjoyment. extension. ×. △. △. ○. ○. ○. △. △. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. △. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. △. ○. ×. ○. △. ×. ○. △. number Busan Coast in South Korea The Forbidden City in China Pont du Gard in France Pingyao the ancient city. <Figure 14> Analysis of Different Visual Systems. From the chart, it easy to find out the landscape’s number of Busan Beach in South Korea is limited, which shorten the production time and cut the cost, and the enjoyment and the promotion value is general. But the virtual tour system of Busan Beach is a highly improved with a good visual effect. It has been used on the website and has achieved good effect on publicity. The Forbidden City’s virtual system was created by professional teams, with numerous landscapes, richness contents and good visual effects. Although cost of human and financial resources are very high, the entire system is perfect.. And this system has promoted very well and has achieved good. publicity in the world. Although the number of landscapes of Pont du Gard is not as Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 169.
(16) many as that of the Forbidden City, the scenic spots are complete and rich. The production time is long, the cost are also very high, the visual effects are outstanding and the system is also improved. And the promotion and publicity value of Pont du Gard is also very high. As for Pingyao Ancient City’s virtual tour system, the author has add as many landscapes to the virtual system as possible. But given the limited capacity of individuals, the number of landscape is not as large as the Forbidden City’s. Because the author makes the whole virtual tour system on personal computer, so the cost of designing is zero. Although much time and energy has spent, the system of personal work is not perfect compared with the team works, which will result an insufficient promotion. But the system is interesting and has good visual effects. After comparison with other virtual tour system, the author thinks that besides interesting, the individual work also has good visual effects, which need to be continued in the future designing. Limited by personal technical ability the virtual system is not well-developed, which can only presented in personal computer and cannot broadcast on the web page. So, the popularity of the individual work is very limited. The author thinks that cooperation with technical talents and artistic talents are necessary in the future designing. Technical problems can be solved by cooperating with technical talents, and the system can be further improved. In cooperation with artistic talents, we can increase The number of landscapes can be increased and the scenic spots can be more elegant by cooperating with artistic talents. By cooperation, more and more people can see and enjoy increasingly better virtual tour experience. After reviewing these virtual tour systems using virtual roaming technology and personally trying, the author argues that technology is the footstone of virtual tour system and art is a final presentation. And art design can affect the visual experience directly. A technical design without artistic aesthetic sense cannot do well in promotion process. Using the same technology, works with outstanding artistic design will be more popular. Virtual roaming system is a combination of technology and art, but. the. current. market. values. technology. over. art,. which. disorders. the. three-dimensional art design market. So compound talents with art and technical knowledge are necessary for a better development and promotion of virtual tour system. Based on the rapid economic development, the tourism industry, as an emerging field of the tertiary industry, has attracted more and more people into the industry. As competition heats up, online virtual roaming system is the key to success for tourism. The author argues that online virtual tour system can stimulate the interest of visitors from the perspective marketing strategy and bring more tourists to the scenic spots. Moreover, a well-designed and beautifully designed virtual tour system can advertise the scenic spots. From the perspective of protecting historical sites and monuments, a virtual tour system can preserve the original features of historical sites for its digitization and informatization. The publicity of traditional industries meet a challenge in China's "Internet Plus" strategy background, because customers expect they can sense the marketing environment and atmosphere without leaving home.20) By using virtual roaming technology, customers can enjoy the view, explore the unknown environment before they decide where they really want to travel. The virtual sightseeing system based on 20) 纪连恩, 张凤军, 付永刚等, 『虚拟环境下基于语义的三维交互技术』, 软件学报, 2006 170.
(17) virtual roaming technology can change people’s traditional life-style and has great market potential. In the future, the usage of virtual roaming technology in tourism industry will become more and more common and the author believes virtual roaming technology will become more mature and customers can get more realistic experience.. 참고문헌 김우상, 나건,『몰입형 가상현실의 아바타 디자인 특성에 관한 연구--소셜네트위크 기반의 가상현실 콘텐츠를 중심으로—』, 한국디자인문화학회, 24권 1호, 2018 김정환,『가상현실형 사이버사격장 개념 연구』, 한국영상미디어협회 예술과 미디어 8권 2호, 2009 김정환,『가상현실형 사이버공간속의 체험형 3D모델하우스 구축기술에 관한 연구』, 한국영상미디어협회 예술과 미디어 10권 1호, 2011 김종국,『디지털 건축 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘에 대한 고찰』, 한국산학기술학회 논문지, 2018 윤재은, 이준규,『가상현실 모델하우스 활용특 성에 관한 연구』, 한국실내디자인학회논문집 33호, 2002, 임장훈,『3차원가상미술관 프레임워크디자인 - 국립현대미술관의 증강현실 창작모듈설계』, 한국영상미디어협회, 예술과 미디어 9권 1호, 2010 安葳鹏, 孟卫娟, 屈星龙,『基于虚拟现实的煤矿大型设备培训系统研究』, 测控技术, 2016 黄心渊,『3d Max2012标准教程』, 北京清华大学出版社, 2012 黄筱佟,『Shader技术在优化自然景观效果方面的研究』, 科技风, 2017 纪连恩, 张凤军, 付永刚等,『虚拟环境下基于语义的三维交互技术』, 软件学报, 2006 林深华, 范志尚, 蒋建兵等,『基于Android平台Unity3D游戏设计与实现』, 企业科技与发展, 2013 马潇灵,『场景设定艺术』, 北京人民邮电出版社, 2013 裴琴梅,『天雨罡风平遥城』, 山西人民出版社, 2014 徐素宁, 韦中亚, 杨景春,『虚拟现实技术在虚拟旅游中的应用』, 地理学与国土研究, 2001 余雅师,『浅谈虚拟古迹漫游动画在旅游业中的应用』, 论文发表向导网, 2014 喻晓和,『虚拟现实技术基础教程』, 北京清华大学出版社第一版，2015 张凡,『Maya+Photoshop三维场景设计』, 北京机械工业出版社, 2013 Burdea G.&Philippe Coffet,『Virtual Reality System and Applications』, 世界电子年会, 1993 Han Byul Moon&Geonsang Jo& Amaury Solignac&Vincent Rieuf&Jieun Kim,『가상현실 공간에서의 패시브 햅틱 요소에 대한 연구』, 한국HCI학회 학술대회 발표 논문집, 2018 Nelson Ruest&Danielle Ruest,『虚拟化技术指南』, 机械工业出版社, 2011 Sandu Cultural Media Ltd,『2010上海世博会建筑与空间设计』, 北京电子工业出版社, 2013 陈星宇,「虚拟工程博物馆系统设计研究」, 合肥工业大学 硕士学位论文，2016 贺苗元,「基于Unity3D引擎的虚拟室内漫游的研究设计与应用实现」, 内蒙古大学 硕士学位论文, 2015 黄颖,「基于Unity3D虚拟现实技术的岳麓书院3D漫游设计」, 湖南大学 硕士学位论文, 2016 甘晨,「基于Unity的虚拟智能家居系统设计与实现」, 大连理工大学 硕士学位论文，2015 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8 http://chinese.visitkorea.or.kr/common_intl/mapInformation.kto?md=chs&func_name=main(韩国旅 游发展局中文官网) http://pontdugard.com/cn(德嘉水道桥官方网站) http://www.cnblogs.com/mysunnytime/p/8181709.html http://www.dpm.org.cn/Home.html(故宫博物院官网)] https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%A5%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E#cite_note-gut enberg.org-6. Journal of Basic Design & Art Vol.19 No.3. 171.
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관련 문서
