Recent trends in OECD CO2

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DATA FROM CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (2015 preliminary edition) - 1

www.iea.org/statistics

Recent trends in OECD CO

2

emissions from fuel combustion

Overall emissions

Total OECD CO2 emissions from fuel combustion were broadly stable in 2013 (Figure 1) at 12 GtCO2. Across the OECD, increases in CO2 emissions from Coal (+1%) and Gas (+2%) were offset by a decrease in emissions from Oil (-1%).

Within the OECD regions, CO2 emissions in OECD Americas grew (+2%), in OECD Europe fell (-2%), while in OECD Asia Oceania, emissions remained approximately stable between 2012 and 2013.

2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2013

MtCO₂

Figure 1: OECD CO

₂

emissions from fuel combustion (1990-2013)

Other Gas Oil Coal

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Emissions by source

In the OECD as a whole, in 2013, Oil was responsible for the largest share of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (39%), followed by Coal (34%) and Gas (26%). Figure 2 shows how the sources of emissions vary for the top-ten emitting OECD countries.

0 2 4 6 8

United Kingdom Italy Germany France Korea Japan Australia United States Mexico Canada OECD Europe OECD Asia Oceania OECD Americas

GtCO₂

Figure 2: CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion by source in 2013 top-10 OECD emitting countries

Coal Oil Gas Other

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CO

2

emissions and drivers

In 2009, during the economic crisis, OECD CO2 emissions from fuel combustion declined to their lowest level since the mid-1990s. Although OECD emissions have rebounded since then, as of 2013, they remained below pre-crisis levels.

Between 2009 and 2013, CO₂ emissions increased by 2%, with a relatively stable carbon intensity of the mix (CO2/TPES), and an economic output increase (GDP/population: +5%) more than offset by a decline in the energy intensity of economic output (TPES/GDP: -6%)¹. Declines in energy intensity can be driven by improvements in efficiency, structural changes in the economy and variations in weather patterns, among other factors.

Over 1990-2013, effects of the increased economic output (GDP/population: +38%; and population +18%) were partly offset by significant decoupling of economic growth from energy consumption (TPES/GDP: -28%) and by a mild decline of the carbon intensity of the mix (CO2/TPES: -7%) – linked to a continuing reliance on fossil fuels as a source of energy.

Compared with their 1990 levels, OECD CO2 emissions from fuel combustion were 9%. higher in 2013.

1. CO2 emissions from fuel combustion can be broken down into the product of four driving factors: population, per-capita economic output (GDP/population), energy intensity of the economy (TPES/GDP) and carbon intensity of the energy mix (CO₂/TPES), through a decomposition known as the "Kaya identity":

CO2 = CO2/TPES x TPES/GDP x GDP/population x population.

70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013

index (1990=100)

Figure 3. CO

₂

emissions and drivers

CO₂ emissions Population GDP PPP/population

TPES/GDP PPP CO₂/TPES (ESCII)

-6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000

90-13

million tonnes of CO2

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Emissions by sector

In 2013, power generation was the largest emitting sector (40% in the region and above 45% in about ten countries), followed by transport (28%). Emissions from electricity and heat generation were driven almost equally by industry, residential and services. In 2013, the OECD produced 10 800 TWh of electricity (180% more than in 1971), of which 61% was derived from fossil fuels. OECD electricity generation produced 432 gCO2/kWh in 2013, just 76 gCO₂ less than in 1990.

* Other includes agriculture/forestry, fishing, energy industries other than electricity and heat generation, and other emissions not specified elsewhere.

Released in July 2015.

Source: IEA CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 2015 preliminary edition.

Further information on CO2 emissions statistics is available at:

www.iea.org/statistics/topics/CO2emissions

Queries should be addressed to: [email protected]

In addition, a wide range of free energy statistics can be accessed at:

www.iea.org/statistics

Please note that all IEA publications and data are subject to specific conditions that limit their use and distribution. These terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/.

Transport 28%

Industry 11%

Residential 8%

Services 5%

Other*

8%

Industry 13%

Residential 12%

Services 12%

Other * 3%

Electricity and heat 40%

Recent trends in OECD CO2