The ARF perspective on TCBMs: Future work
Mr. Kwon Haeryong
Ambassador
to the Conference on Disarmament Permanent Mission
of the Republic of Korea
Contents
1. ARF seminars on Cyberspace
2. ARF Seminar on CBMs in cyberspace
– Session I : Threats
– Session II : Confidence-Building Measures – Session III: Norms
– Session IV: National capacity-building
3. 2013 Conference on Cyberspace in Korea
ARF * seminars on Cyberspace
* ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) : ASEAN Countries (10) + Dialogue Partners (10)
+ Others (7)
Since 2004, 8 seminars/workshops on cyberspace in the ARF
Primarily focused on terrorism, capacity-building, and response - cyber terrorism (4) ; capacity building (1) ; proxy actor (1) ;
and cyber security response (1)
Recent seminar on CBM in Cyberspace (Seoul, Sep. 2012)
ROK, US, Japan, China, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, EU Chair, Russia, India
DPRK, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, PNG, Timor Leste
ARF Seminar on CBMs in cyberspace
(Seoul, Sep. 11-12, 2012)
• Participants: 22 ARF countries government officials, OSCE, UNGGE, CSIS, GCSP
• Theme : Confidence Building Measures in cyberspace Session I: Existing and potential threats in cyberspace Session II: CBMs in the context of cyber security
Session III: Norms of acceptable behavior Session IV: Capacity building
ASEAN countries, ROK, US, China, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, EU Chair, Russia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Timor Leste (22) Japan, India, Bangladesh, DPRK, PNG (5)
Fraud
Defamation
Infringement of privacy, etc.
State’s cyber attacks using proxy actors Attacks on critical infrastructure
Disturbance of social norms Cyber espionage and sabotage Cyber war, etc.
Session I.
Existing and Potential Threats in Cyber Space ᆼ Content-related crimes
ᆼ Cyber terror or attacks
Information
Sharing Capacity Building for
Developing States Establishing
a network among Policy POCs
ᆼ ARF needs to focus on implementation of practical measures.
HOW?
☞ ASEAN countries share the view that regional CBMs should take into consideration the characteristics of the region.
Session II.
Confidence-Building Measures in Cyberspace
ᆼ We need to establish acceptable norms of state behavior in cyberspace. HOW?
A new Code of Conduct in the UN framework ?
Extending International Law
to Cyberspace ?
☞ ASEAN countries remain rather unengaged in the political and military aspects of cyber security.
Session III.
Norms in Cyberspace
How to develop best practices in National Capacity building?
Monitoring &
Management
Cooperation on …
Digital Forensics Training
National capacity
← a precondition for confidence-building among states
☞ ASEAN countries showed keen interest in technical co- operation in the ARF framework.
Session IV.
Capacity-Building Measures in Cyberspace
ARF Statement on Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security (2012)
• Promote further consideration of strategies to address threats consistent with international law and principles
• Promote dialogue on confidence-building, stability, and risk reduction measures to address the implications of ARF participants' use of ICTs
• Encourage and enhance cooperation in bringing about culture of cyber security
• Develop an ARF work plan on security in the use of ICTs
Review a possibility to elaborate common terms and definitions
ARF Seminar on CBMs in cyberspace
(Seoul, Sep. 11-12, 2012)
• First meeting in Asia, focused on CBMs in cyberspace ASEAN countries were primarily focused on;
- (threats) cyber crimes and content-related issues, - (CBMs) considering regional characteristics,
- (norms) rather unengaged in the issue,
- (capacity-building) international cooperation.
Two ARF Foreign Ministers’ statements in 2006 and 2012 already identified many of the possible CBMs.
“ARF Statement on Cooperation in Fighting Cyber Attack and Terrorist Misuse of Cyberspace (2006)”
2013 Conference on Cyberspace
(Seoul, Oct. 17-18, 2013)
• The 1st Conference on Cyberspace (London, Nov. 1-2, 2011) set forth a comprehensive discussion on cyberspace.
• The 2nd Conference on Cyberspace (Budapest, Oct. 4-5, 2012) added to the momentum of the London Conference.
• The 3rd Conference on Cyberspace (Seoul, Oct. 17-18, 2013) will discuss cyberspace in the context of international security as one of the main topics,
- with wider participation of countries, and
- with sub-agenda items that encompass the interests of all.
