Elementary Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions on Mass and Problems of Teaching Mass

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Elementary Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions on Mass and Problems of Teaching Mass

Sunggi Kwon

^∗

Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu 42411, Korea (Received 8 July 2015 : revised 4 August 2015 : accepted 20 August 2015)

The purpose of this study is to examine the profiles of understanding the concept of mass by student teachers. The elementary science curriculum does not require that the concept of mass be taught, but rather requires that of weight to be taught. However, how to teach the concept of weight without a valid and credible understanding of mass is a question that many elementary student teachers have. Only when teaching related courses can elementary pre-service teachers could be expected to learn the scientific units of mass and weight. The subjects for this study were 79 student teachers with a science major selected from a University of Education in a local city. Questionnaires on the concept of mass were developed so as to match those for the concept of weight in previous research. After the pre-service teachers’ choices and written responses had been analyzed, we are able to get some profiles for the concept of mass and to discuss the problems associated with teaching the concept of mass combined with units of measuring weight in the elementary textbooks. We will suggest ways to develop new effective tips for teaching the concept of mass to elementary students and pre-service teachers.

PACS numbers: 01.40.jc, 01.40.-d

Keywords: Mass conception, Teaching, Weight, Association

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PACS numbers: 01.40.jc, 01.40.-d

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∗E-mail: [email protected]

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Table 1. Subjects of preservice teachers.

Grades Gender

Total

Male Female

3^rd grade 16 36 52

4^thgrade 7 20 27

Ages 22.4 21.7 27

Table 2. Questionnaires for mass concepts.

Subcategories Items of questions No. of items Words being associated to mass 1

Mass Units of mass 4

concept Measuring mass 7

Meaning of mass 9

◦ Which is more difficult to teach 11 Teaching mass or weight

mass ◦ Is it needed to teach mass? 12

◦ Teaching methods to teach mass 13 concept

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Table 3. Frameworks for classifying of understanding mass questionnaires.

Levels of understanding Criteria Scores

Complete Understanding (CU) ◦ correct answer to a simple and an written question 3-4 points In-Complete Understanding (IU) ◦ correct choice only in a simple question 1-2 points

◦ correct either only in simple choice or in an written question

Non-Understanding (NU) ◦ not correct neither in simple choice nor in an written question 0 point

◦ not answered

Table 4. Distribution of associated words and its ranks.

Words / Weight unique (spring, balancing) Gravity invariant kg Moon absolute Mass Mass Volume

group scale conservation

Frequencies 28 26 18 15 12 10 8 7 7 7 6

of words

percent 35% 33% 23% 19% 15% 13% 10% 9% 9% 9% 8%

(n = 79)

Ranks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8 11

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Table 5. Mass can be measured? (n = 79).

Group (grade) 3^rd grade 4^thgrade Total (n = 52) (n = 27) (percent) measured 34 (65%) 18 (67%) 52 (66%) not-measured 13 (25%) 7 (26%) 20 (25%) no answer 5 (10%) 2 (7%) 7 (9%)

Table 6. How mass can be measured?

Group (grade) 3^rd grade 4^thgrade Total (n = 52) (n = 27) (percent) Contrasting

15 (29%) 6 (22%) 21 (27%) weight (gravity)

Lever scale 6 (12%) 6 (22%) 12 (15%) Balanced scale 4 (8%) 5 (19%) 9 (11%) A weight of scale

2 (4%) 4 (15%) 6 (8%) others (omitted)

Partial sum. 27 (52%) 21 (78%) 48 (61%)

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Table 7. Levels of Understanding of the SI unit of mass.

Group

Levels of Understanding

Total Non Under- Partial Under- Complete Un-

standing standing derstanding 3^rd grade 16 (31%) 15 (29%) 21 (40%) 52 4^th grade 4 (15%) 7 (26%) 16 (60%) 27 Total (%) 20 (25%) 22 (28%) 37 (47%) 79

Table 8. Is needed to teach mass? (n = 79).

Group (grade) 3^rd grade 4^th grade Total (n = 52) (n = 27) (percent) Yes 34 (65%) 7 (26%) 41 (52%) No 18 (35%) 20 (74%) 38 (48%)

Table 9. Which is difficult to teach mass or weight? (n

= 79)

Group (grade) 3^rd grade 4^th grade Total (n = 52) (n = 27) (percent) Mass 44 (85%) 22 (81%) 66 (84%) Weight 7 (13%) 4 (15%) 11 (14%)

Same 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%)

No answer 0 (0%) 1 (4%) 1 (1%)

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Elementary Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions on Mass and Problems of Teaching Mass