※ 밑줄 친 단어의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오. (문 1~4)
1. The publication of a manifesto that described Dada in a rambling, nonsensical stream of consciousness was one such step.
① tedious ② coherent
③ termagant ④ simultaneous
2. Prior to winter, when fall arrives, cold-blooded creatures begin feeding at prodigious rates and try to gain as much fat as possible so that they can survive the coming weather.
① rapid ② exclusive
③ lascivious ④ phenomenal
3. Sometimes using desiccated garlic is more convenient when cooking at home.
① dried ② peeled
③ sliced ④ chopped
4. It was patented as a medicine which, as its creator claimed, cured addiction to morphine and impotence.
① sold ② traced
③ spread ④ registered
※ 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. (문 5~8)
5. Many fledgling writers have been taught the _____ KISS: Keep it simple, stupid.
① deep ② mnemonic
③ salient ④ egalitarian
6. Such module helps people get in touch with _____ and with you or the people managing your web-site.
① another ② one another
③ other ④ the other
7. They proved me wrong, I had to __________.
① dawn on ② eat crow
8. Only limited items will be supplied for sale through _____ outlets including the Eurosports.
① select ② selection
③ selecting ④ selectively
9. 빈칸에 가장 알맞은 것을 순서대로 나열한 것을 고르시오.
㉠ The murderers remained __________.
㉡ Edgar Stevens is 80 years old, but he still steps along with the __________
air he had at 40.
㉢ __________ predictions about hurricane Helena led everyone to leave the island.
① dire - at large - Jaunty ② dire - jaunty - At large
③ at large - dire - Jaunty ④ at large - jaunty - Dire
10. 다음 대화가 완성되도록 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
A : ___________________________
B : No, Thanks. I can manage it, I think.
① Need a hand?
② Can you give me a hand?
③ Can you help me with this?
④ Are you kind enough to help me with this?
11. 다음 중 어법상 가장 잘못된 문장을 고르시오.
① The moon goes round the earth.
② I got up at seven every morning.
③ The first bus comes at 6:30 a.m.
④ Time and tide wait for no man.
12. 다음 밑줄 친 표현 중 어법상 가장 옳지 않은 것을 고르시오.
We try to support the present with the future and ① think of arranging things we cannot control, for a time we have no ② certainty of reaching. ③ Examine your thoughts, and you will find them wholly ④ to occupy with the past or
※ 다음 중 어법상 옳은 문장은 모두 몇 개인지 고르시오. (문 13~16)
13.
㉠ If he had not died in the war, he would have been forty now.
㉡ I wish I were there at that time.
㉢ Without her help, I couldn't pass the exam last year.
① 0개 ② 1개 ③ 2개 ④ 3개
14.
㉠ How do you think of that book?
㉡ Her son has grown up.
㉢ He came to see me after and apologized.
㉣ I haven't ever met the girl; nor I have ever had any desire to do so.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개
15.
㉠ I could not forbear to express my disapproval of his conduct.
㉡ Abstain from speaking ill of others.
㉢ She dissuaded him from taking the step.
㉣ He is eager learning how to use smart-phone.
① 0개 ② 1개 ③ 2개 ④ 3개
16.
㉠ We went to the department store where I think I lost my purse.
㉡ Moving as it did in the sky, the flying object moved deeper into space and diminished in size until it disappeared.
㉢ Fields was the second man that the police caught in connection with the bank robbery.
㉣ Whoever you meet, you will find that there is no person but has no flaws.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개
17. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계없는 문장을 고르시오.
Consider the following implication involving the role of social bonds and affection among group members. If strong bonds make even a single dissent less likely, the performance of groups and institutions will be impaired. ① A study of investment clubs showed that the worst-performing clubs were built on affective ties and were primarily social, while the best-performing clubs limited social connections and focused on making money. ② Dissent was far more frequent in the high-performing clubs. ③ The low performers usually voted unanimously, with little open debate. ④ As illustrated in the study, the high performers placed more importance on social bonds than the low performers, resulting in their high rate of success. The central problem is that the voters in low-performing groups were trying to build social cohesion rather than to produce the highest returns.
18. 다음 밑줄 친 표현 중 어법상 가장 옳지 않은 것을 고르시오.
Not all, but many great books are now available on CD, so, if your commute is ① long enough, you can listen to the entire book while driving to and from work. You can see how incredibly valuable your driving commute time can be,
② you should decide to look at it that way. With two small children, a hectic work schedule, lots of travel, and a ton of outside interests, I don't have nearly the time to read what I wish ③ I had. But CDs have solved that problem. My daily commute isn't very long, but I do take advantage of the time I have to drive, as well as the traffic jams I get stuck in. ④ Living in the San Francisco Bay Area, I get plenty of them! During these times, I listen to all sorts of great books ― novels, self-help, and all the rest.
19. 아래 주어진 문장들을 가장 적절한 순서로 배열한 것을 고르시오.
㉠ In the contemporary world it has often been argued that those societies in which religion has continued to survive as a major force have been those where the church has been an arm of the state.
㉡ Economic growth, technological sophistication, and the development of new forms of popular culture, would all weaken the grip of religion on ordinary citizens, and usher in a society where the blinders of religious belief would be discarded in favor of rational and self-determined choices about how to live the good life.
㉢ The principle of the separation of church and state assumed the secular identity of the state and forbade it from the promotion of specific forms of religious belief and practice.
㉣ Secularization, in contrast, came hand in hand with modernization which by its very nature offered a series of irresistible challengers to traditional forms of religious influence.
① ㉠ - ㉡ - ㉢ - ㉣ ② ㉢ - ㉠ - ㉣ - ㉡
③ ㉢ - ㉣ - ㉠ - ㉡ ④ ㉢ - ㉡ - ㉠ - ㉣
20. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
In 1831, a young woman named Aurore Dupin Dudevant left her family in the provinces and moved to Paris.
㉠ When Dudevant first showed her writing to an editor, he told her, "you should make babies, not literature."
㉡ She wanted to be a writer, establish her independence, and make her living by writing.
㉢ In the end, though, she came up with a strategy to recreate herself anew. She decided to use a male pen name.
㉣ Soon after she arrived in the capital, however, she had to confront certain harsh realities.
① ㉡ - ㉣ - ㉠ - ㉢ ② ㉡ - ㉠ - ㉣ - ㉢
③ ㉠ - ㉣ - ㉢ - ㉡ ④ ㉠ - ㉢ - ㉣ - ㉡
21. 아래 글의 “Modern humans"에 대한 설명으로 가장 옳은 것을 고르시오.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest species of humans, Homo erectus, migrated out of Africa across Eurasia perhaps two million years ago.
Modern humans, Homo sapiens, did not leave Africa until approximately 70,000 years ago. These first travelers initially visited the Middle East and from there reached Europe and Asia around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago. However, modern humans took another 20,000 years to settle every area in Europe. This happened mainly because, in Europe, they came across the Neanderthals, who had already been residing in Europe for about 200,000 years.
① They began settling Europe sometime around 20,000 years ago.
② They are called Homo erectus by anthropologists.
③ They were almost identical in body structure to the Neanderthals.
④ They lived on only one continent until about 70,000 years ago.
22. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
According to a study, people isolated from others had death rates two to three times higher than people with families and friends. The stronger the social ties to others, the lower the death rate. This is true for men and women, young and old, rich and poor. It also applies to people with different lifestyles.
Cigarette smokers who had friends lived longer than friendless smokers. Joggers involved with other people lived longer than joggers who lived isolated lives.
① Importance of Social Ties
② How to Live Longer
③ Lifestyle of Isolated People
④ How to contact with others
23. 아래 밑줄 친 단어의 쓰임이 문맥상 가장 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.
After a stressful day, how do you clear your mind? Relaxing in a comfortable chair, putting on some ① soothing sounds, and reading something light and entertaining are all good methods to get ready for some restful sleep. But as you ease your ② animated senses, don't forget your sense of smell. Certain aromas can fill you with feelings of tranquility, and research has found that lavender, vanilla, and green apple are among the best smells to help lower anxiety and induce sleep. You can use essential oils of these scents by ③ applying them to the back of your neck or the inside of your wrist. Even better, ④ indulge in a warm bath with these oils dissolved in the water. Before bed, you might enjoy a glass of hot soy milk with natural vanilla flavoring for a calming effect inside and out.
24. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
For the most part, we like things that are familiar to us. To prove the point to yourself, try a little experiment. Get the negative of an old photograph that shows a front view of your face and have it developed into a pair of pictures
― one that shows you as you actually look and one that shows a reverse image so that right and left sides of your face are interchanged. Now decide which version of your face you like better and ask a good friend to make the choice, too. If you are like most people, you should notice something odd:
Your friend will prefer the true print, but you will prefer the reverse image.
Why? Because you both will be responding favorably to the more familiar face
― your friend to __________ and you to the reversed one you find in the mirror every day.
① his own true face
② other people's faces
③ the one the world sees
④ the negative of his own face
25. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Journeys are the midwives of thought. Few places are more conducive to internal conversations than a moving plane, ship, or train. There is an almost peculiar correlation between what is in front of our eyes and the thoughts at times requiring large views, new thought, and new places. Introspective reflections which are liable to stall are helped along by the flow of landscape.
The mind _________ when thinking is all it is supposed to do. The task can be as paralyzing as having to tell a joke or mimic an accent on demand. Thinking improves when parts of the mind are given other tasks or are charged with listening to music or following a line of trees.
① can be distracted from what is before the eyes
② can become confused by multitasking
③ may be reluctant to think properly
④ is likely to be paralyzed by fear of new tasks
26. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Richard Dawkins and John Krebs argued that although in some circumstances it might be appropriate to describe animal signals as transferring information, in many other, perhaps most, cases there would be such a conflict of interest between signaller and receiver that it is more accurate to describe the signaller as attempting to "manipulate" the receiver rather than just inform it. For example, an angler fish that dangles a worm-like bit of skin in front of a small fish and catches it because the smaller fish snaps at the "worm" can certainly be said to have carried out, a successful manipulation of its prey. In this case, if information has been transferred, it is most definitely false.
① Manipulation: Tricking the Signaller
② Animal Messages: Not What They Seem
③ Cooperation in the Animal World
④ Talking Animals: Fact or Myth?
27 빈칸에 가장 알맞은 단어를 순서대로 나열한 것을 고르시오.
Have you ever been made fun of because you were left-handed? These days, most people don't care which hand you prefer, but it wasn't always so. Many ancient cultures discriminated against people who primarily used their left hand for everyday tasks. This sort of thinking has been passed on to modern cultures through language. Think of alternate meanings for the word "right" in English;
it also means "being correct or accurate". This is the case in mainly only a few.
_________, the Latin word for right-handed is dexter. We recognize this word today in English as "dexterity", which means "skillful". ________, the Latin word for left-handed is "sinister", which is the English word meaning "evil" or
"unlucky". This association of left-handed with bad things carries over not into most European languages, but even Chinese, as the Mandarin word for "left"
can also mean "improper" or "immoral". Left-handed people weren't well-liked in ancient times.
① Therefore ― Besides
② Nonetheless ― Despite
③ Futhermore ― However
④ In the same way ― However
28. 다음 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain result, clearly the quicker and easier it is brought about the better. Your resolve to secure a sufficiency of food for yourself and your family will induce you to spend weary days in tilling the ground and tending livestock; but, if Nature provided food and meat in abundance ready for the table, you would thank Nature for sparing you much labor and consider yourself so much the better off. An executed purpose, in short, is a transaction in which the time and energy spent on the execution are balanced against the resulting assets, and the ideal case is one in which ______________. Purpose, then justifies the efforts it exacts only conditionally, by their fruits.
① the time and energy are limitless and assets are abundant
② the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity
③ Nature does not reward those who do not exert efforts
29. 다음 지문 내용과 가장 거리가 먼 것을 고르시오.
Heredity allows the traits of a parent to be passed to the offspring through the unit of heredity known as the gene. These traits include the physical characteristics such as eye color, height, hair color, body shape, and blood type.
However, although there may be a similarity in the facial features of the parent and offspring, their faces are not exactly the same. There are small differences.
Heredity also includes the intellectual characteristics of the parent as passed on to the child. One example is the proclivity toward solving math problems. This does not always occur, however.
① A parent's intellectual capacity is not always passed on to the child.
② The proclivity to solve math problems is usually passed on.
③ Characteristics such as eye color and blood type are the same in parent and child.
④ The physical traits passed on are not totally identical in parents and children.
30. 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use.
Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies. In most cases, each ceremony is "owned" by the members of a certain clan. ① The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of a senior female member of the clan. ② This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect.
③ There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan. ④ A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister's son. In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan.
31. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
University students in several of my seminar classes sat in a circle and each student took turns telling the others his or her name. At the end of the round of introductions, the students were asked to write down the names of as many other students as they could remember. In almost every case, students wrote down the name of students that were seated far away from them. However, surprisingly, they weren't able to recall the names of students who were seated close to them. This effect was worst for the students who sat on either side of them. What was the reason for such findings? The student who was next in line for an introduction was clearly on edge and after finishing his or her introduction, he or she was preoccupied with calming his or her nerves. The effect was clearly due to the social anxiety they experienced immediately before and after having to introduce themselves to the entire group.
① Ways to Cope with Nervousness
② Useful Strategies for Better Memory
③ How to Remember Uncommon Names
④ Nervousness and Its Effects on Memory
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문 32~33)
Like its largemouth cousin, the smallmouth bass is a native of the Mississippi drainage, which makes it a true heartland fish. ___________ the largemouth likes slow of still water with lots of food-holding weeds, the smallmouth prefers clean, rocky bottoms and swifter water, ideally in the range of 65℉ to 68℉. In waters warmer than 73℉, you can forget about finding one. In lakes, smallmouth often ___________ up, which means that if you catch one, you can catch a bunch. In rivers and streams, they are most solitary. The smallmouth has a series of dark vertical _______ along its sides. The dorsal fin is one continuous fin (as opposed to the separated dorsal fin of the largemouth.)
32. 윗글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 단어를 순서대로 나열한 것을 고르시오.
① Whereas ― school ― bands
② Whereas ― church ― bands
③ Likewise ― school ― band
④ Likewise ― church ― bands
33. 윗글의 “smallmouth bass"에 관한 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① 물의 흐름이 느린 곳을 좋아한다.
② 73℉ 이상의 물에서 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다.
③ 호수보다 강에서 떼를 지어 다닌다.
④ 몸통의 옆면에는 거무스름한 띠들이 있다.
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문 34~35)
With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities. Thus, __________________. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more: and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.
34. 윗글의 밑줄 친 단어 “back"의 뜻과 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.
① keep a stiff upper lip ② are bent on
③ support ④ emphasize
35. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
① self-esteem can be increased by lowering actualities
② early failures in life may lead to happiness later in life
③ success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem
④ the higher your expectations are, the more you will achieve
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문36~37)
In ancient Rome, not everyone was a Roman citizen. Only a few possessed that honor along with the power and privileges that went with it. As first the republic, and later the empire, expanded, the right to citizenship also expanded.
Rome's leaders often used the promise of citizenship to attract allies to their side. Ultimately, on the empire's frontier, the Romans frequently assimilated barbarians by a Romanization process which made them citizens of the empire that had conquered their people.
Only males could have Roman citizenship as a woman was placed first under the rule of her father and then her husband. The state automatically conferred citizenship to all males born to a citizen. Slaves became partial citizens upon being emancipated by their master, but the state granted a freed slave's sons full citizenship. During Rome's early years, those in the Latin provinces in the Italian mainland were first partial citizens and later became full citizens. This practice spread as Rome's holdings did, and eventually, virtually all free males in the empire possessed some form of partial or full citizenship.
36. 로마가 사람들에게 시민권을 부여한 이유 중 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① Rome wanted to increase the influence of Latin.
② This action enabled the empire to conquer other people.
③ A population with many citizens strengthened the empire.
④ These new citizens were attempting to avoid barbarian tribes.
37. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
① Only man could be citizens of Rome.
② Slaves could be partial citizens in a certain case.
③ In the end, virtually all free males in Rome became citizens.
④ Some males were conferred citizenship after marriage.
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문38~40)
A friend of mine and his wife were in Hawaii, standing on a beach, watching a beautiful sunset ― hardly able to believe how magnificent the sight was. A woman approached them and overheard my friend's wife say. "I can't believe how beautiful this is." While walking away from the spectacular display, the woman said, "You ㉠ ____________ it in Tahiti."
When your attention is not on the present moment but, on something else, you will tend to ㉡ _____________, as the Tahiti traveler did, or you will wonder about future experiences instead of enjoying the present one, and regret past experiences because they are already over. But as you learn to bring your attention back to the here and now, life will come alive again, providing the enjoyment and satisfaction it was meant to. Thus, when you live in the present moment, one of the nice things that happens to you is that ordinary, everyday life takes on a new significance. Taking walks, watching a sunset, gardening, reading a book, all begin to feel special. When your attention is brought back to the here and now, you engage in life rather than think about life.
38. 빈칸 ㉠에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
① need not have seen ② must have seen
③ do not have seen ④ should have seen
39. 빈칸 ㉡에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
① think about future events in your life
② concentrate better on the event at hand
③ compare even good experiences with others
④ be totally satisfied with the ongoing event
40. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① Living Today to the Fullest
② Traveling to Exotic Places
③ What Are Friends For?
④ Creating Future-Oriented Attitudes
