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제 3 교시
경상북도교육청 주관 2020년 11월 고3 수능모의고사 문제지
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1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.
5. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 행사 홍보하기 ② 저자 섭외하기
③ 신간 소설 진열하기 ④ 시집 서평 쓰기
⑤ 아프리카 여행 준비하기
7. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 자동차 설계 경연대회에 참가하지 못한 이유를 고르시오.
① 항공권을 구하지 못해서
② 참가 신청 기간을 놓쳐서
③ 참가 가능 연령에 미달해서
④ 갑자기 부모님을 방문해야 해서
⑤ 출품할 디자인을 완성하지 못해서
6. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점]
①$27 ②$30 ③$35 ④$36 ⑤$40
8. 대화를 듣고, Community 3-kilometers Walk and Run에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오.
① 일시 ② 코스 ③ 등록 마감일
④ 참가 자격 ⑤ 참가비
1. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 지역 소상공인들을 위한 재정 지원을 호소하려고
② 다음 주부터 방송될 프로그램의 내용을 홍보하려고
③ 새로운 방송 프로그램을 제작할 직원을 모집하려고
④ 지역 상점들에 대한 인터뷰 촬영 협조를 부탁하려고
⑤ 지역 특산품을 파는 홈쇼핑 방송국 개설을 제안하려고
2. 다음을 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① 소화기 사용법을 숙지하고 있으면 화재에 신속하게 대처할 수 있다.
② 불이 났을 때는 당황하지 말고 침착하게 대피하는 것이 중요하다.
③ 건물 곳곳에 제대로 작동되는 소화기가 비치되어 있어야 한다.
④ 소화기를 사용할 때는 직접 사람을 향해서 뿌리면 안 된다.
⑤ 불이 나지 않도록 생활 속 안전 수칙을 잘 지켜야 한다.
9. HTC Music Business Career Camp에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
①12월 7일부터 12일 11일까지 진행된다.
② 두 명의 음악 업계 전문가로부터 강의를 들을 수 있다.
③11월 30일 이후 등록 시 등록비는 200달러이다.
④ 등록은 선착순으로 이루어진다.
⑤30달러를 추가로 내면 점심 식사가 제공된다.
3. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.
① 안무가 ─ 가수 ② 패션 디자이너 ─ 배우
③ 사진 작가 ─ 모델 ④ 잡지사 기자 ─ 편집 디자이너
⑤ 영화 감독 ─ 메이크업 담당자
10. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 생일 케이크를 고르 시오.
Birthday Cakes
Cake Flavor Shape Price Decoration
① A Strawberry Heart $28 Piano
② B Strawberry Heart $27 Doll
③ C Strawberry Heart $23 Monkey
④ D Strawberry Round $21
⑤ E Chocolate Round $30 Piano
11. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
①That’stoobad. Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.
②Thankyouforyouradvice. Iwon’tbuythatphone.
③Yes. Isawyouholdingitwhenwewereinthecafe.
④Itwon’tbeofanyuse. Iputmyphoneonsilentmode.
⑤I’msorry. Icouldn’tansweryour callbecauseIwasbusy. 4. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
④
③
②
⑤
①
12. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
①Wedonotneed toknowyour heightandweight.
②Youcangeta10% discountonthepriceofthischair.
③Ready-madefurnitureisfarcheaperthancustom-made.
④I’llexplainto youhowtoadjusttheheightofthischair.
⑤Letmemeasureyourleglengthforanexactmeasurement.
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14. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
Man:
①Thankyou. I’lltrytofindtimetodoboth.
②Sorry. IwishIcouldgotothemuseumwithyou.
③Then,I’llgoto thelibraryandlookforthebooks.
④Well,you’renotinterestedinmakeuporaccessories.
⑤Oh,you’vebeenreallywellpreparedforthepresentation.
18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Mr. Marcial,
I have recently learned that only a small percentage of your employees have enrolled in the retirement plan offered by our investment firm. It appears that many are skeptical about investing in stocks and bonds because of the unfortunate experiences of one of your managers who lost a substantial amount of money last year, which resulted from his investing in highly speculative stocks. I would be willing to have one of our representatives offer a brief talk about the various forms of investments that would offer both safety and potential growth. If you are interested in scheduling this talk, please call me toll free at 1-800-248-8725.
Sincerely, Robin Roberts
① 주식과 채권에 대한 투자 제안을 거절하려고
② 퇴직 후 자금 투자 계획에 관한 상담을 의뢰하려고
③ 투자 유치를 위해 회사 대표 간의 만남을 준비하려고
④ 안전하고 성장 가능한 투자에 관한 강연 개최를 제안하려고
⑤ 주식 투자에 실패한 이유에 대한 세부 분석 자료를 요청하려고
19. 다음 글에 드러난 Mike의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
Mike paced, then sat, and glanced repeatedly with unknowing eyes through the pages of magazines that littered the tables in the small room outside the intensive care unit. His eyes darkened with worry. This cycle repeated every 15 minutes or so. Myra didn’t stop him, but clung to him when she could. Silence spoke louder than words. Finally, after a couple of hours, which seemed like days, a short doctor approached them. “I have some information on Detective Grasso,” he said. Myra stood and grabbed onto Mike’s arm. Mike quickly asked, “Is he going to make it?” The physician looked up at Mike’s eyes. “Yes, Detective Grasso is going to live.” Mike sighed with relaxation and squeezed Myra’s hand. “Thank God!” he exclaimed.
① sad → angry ② jealous → satisfied
③ anxious → relieved ④ indifferent → regretful
⑤ excited → disappointed
20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
If you are a manager and feel a bit hesitant about telling people what you like about them or what you like about what they are doing, then get over it! This is an essential part of your role and once applied will not only motivate others, it will make you feel good, too. Most people understand the concept of ‘Behaviour that is rewarded will be repeated’. That is how we train animals and we have a natural tendency to ‘train’ children in the same way. Think about what a parent does the first time a child uses a potty. Why does the parent clap excitedly, laying on the praise as if it’s the best thing he/she has ever seen? Part of the reason is that they are proud but it’s much more likely that they are relieved that the nappy phase is almost over. They realise that this will make their lives a lot easier and that positive feedback will ensure that this specific behaviour is repeated.
* potty: 유아용 변기 ** nappy: 기저귀
① 직원들에게 업무 수행 목표를 단계적으로 제시하라.
② 직원들의 신뢰를 얻기 위해 솔직하게 감정을 표현하라.
③ 먼저 긍정적인 피드백을 한 다음 부정적인 피드백을 하라.
④ 부모와 같은 너그러운 마음으로 직원들의 실수를 용서하라.
⑤ 긍정적인 피드백을 통해 직원들의 바람직한 행동을 강화하라.
13. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
Woman:
①Yes. Thankstoyourkindhelp,Igotin.
②You’reright. I’llcallandoffertovolunteer.
③Sure. Theperformancewasagreatsuccess.
④Really?Ididn’tknowyouwereabreakdancer.
⑤Okay. Let’swatchavideooftheirperformance.
15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Sandra가 Paul에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Sandra:
①I’dlikeyoutoreconsiderleaving theclub.
②Toleadaclubismuchharderthanyouthink.
③Ithinkjoiningaclubwillhelpyoumakefriends.
④Therearesomanycreativeboardgamesavailable.
⑤Youshouldn’tspendsomuchtimeplayingboardgames.
16. 여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
①waystoorganizeandstorespices
②spicestoboosttheimmunesystem
③potentiallyharmfuleffectsofspices
④examplesofusingspicesincooking
⑤flavorcharacteristicsofexoticspices [16~17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.
17. 언급된 향신료가 아닌 것은?
①ginger ②chilipepper ③saffron
④garlic ⑤cinnamon
이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.
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22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
The idea that a person is at fault when something goes wrong is deeply rooted in society. That’s why we blame others and even ourselves. Unfortunately, the idea that a person is at fault is embedded in the legal system. When major accidents occur, official courts of inquiry are set up to assess the blame. More and more often the blame is attributed to “human error.” The person involved can be fined, punished, or fired. Maybe training procedures are revised. The law rests comfortably. But in my experience, human error usually is a result of poor design: it should be called system error. Humans err continually; it is an intrinsic part of our nature. System design should take this into account. Pinning the blame on the person may be a comfortable way to proceed, but why was the system ever designed so that a single act by a single person could cause disaster? Worse, blaming the person without fixing the root, underlying cause does not fix the problem: the same error is likely to be repeated by someone else.
① 사람의 실수를 탓하지 말고 그것을 보완하는 시스템 설계가 필요하다.
② 교육은 불완전한 인간의 본성을 고칠 수 있는 유일한 수단이다.
③ 잘못에 대한 처벌은 당연하지만 사람까지 미워할 필요는 없다.
④ 시스템의 성공 여부는 그것을 운영하는 사람에게 달려 있다.
⑤ 다른 사람의 실수를 거울삼아 자신의 행동을 고쳐야 한다.
21. 밑줄 친 trigger a spectacular response가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Twenty thousand years ago, Iceland was entirely covered by a layer of ice that averaged close to a kilometre in thickness. Around 15-16,000 years ago, planetary warming triggered rapid melting of the glaciers, reducing the load acting on the volcanoes beneath and on the underlying asthenosphere. By 12,000 years ago, unloading was sufficiently advanced to trigger a spectacular response. Over a period of 1,500 years or so, the volcanic eruption rate jumped by between 30 and 50 times, before falling back to today’s level. This volcanic revitalization was in part a reflection of the release of magma held ready and waiting, within and beneath the volcanoes themselves, but mainly testament to a huge increase in the supply of fresh magma from deeper within Earth. Such was the load reduction due to the rapid loss of ice mass that the depressed lithosphere quickly bounced back by as much as half a kilometre, dramatically reducing pressures in the asthenosphere and triggering a 30-fold jump in magma production.
* asthenosphere: (지구 내부의) 암류권(岩流圈)
** testament: 증거 *** lithosphere: 대륙권, 암석권
①slowdowntherateofglaciersmeltinginthepolarregions
②leadtoincreasedvolcaniceruptionsbyactivatingmagmaproduction
③acceleratetheaccuratemeasurementsofthethicknessoficesheets
④protectpeoplefromunexpectedanddevastatingvolcaniceruptions
⑤ provide critical information about the spatial patterns of ice massloss
23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
If you are able to make temporary change, but not lasting change, then you have not conquered a bad habit. As an example, people often lose weight and then regain the weight or they quit smoking and then start again. This return to the bad habit occurs because of polarized thinking. For example, a smoker would concentrate both on his or her desire to quit and on his or her desire for a cigarette. Polarized thinking does not offer lasting change. If you allow such thinking, then you will return to what have been your strongest thought patterns. Initially your old thoughts and beliefs will be stronger than a change to them. Thus, you will return to your old ways of thinking and your old habits, if you engage in polarized thought. In order for the change to last, you must focus exclusively on building your new belief, such as focusing exclusively on the idea that you can be physically fit or free from cigarettes. But polarized thinking prevents you from doing so.
①polarizedthinkingthatstandsinthewayofbreakingabadhabit
②reasonsyouneedtochangeyouroldthoughtforyourfuture
③negativeimpactsofhavingabadphysicalhabitonlifestyles
④potentialbenefitsandlimitationsofpolarizedthinking
⑤efficientwaystoovercomepolarizedthinking
24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A significant impact on knowledge jobs will occur as a result of the way big data changes organizations and the methods by which they are managed. Big data and predictive algorithms have the potential to transform the nature and number of knowledge-based jobs in organizations and industries across the board. The predictions that can be extracted from data will increasingly be used to substitute for human qualities such as experience and judgment. As top managers increasingly employ data-driven decision making powered by automated tools, there will be an ever-shrinking need for an extensive human analytic and management infrastructure. Whereas today there is a team of knowledge workers who collect information and present analysis to multiple levels of management, eventually there may be a single manager and a powerful algorithm. Organizations are likely to flatten. Layers of middle management will evaporate, and many of the jobs now performed by both clerical workers and skilled analysts will simply disappear.
①InevitableDivisionofLaborBetweenKnowledgeWorkers
②BigDataPredictsNewKnowledgeJobsfortheFuture
③AreAlgorithmsMoreAccuratethanHumanWorkers?
④KnowledgeJobsDoomedtoNear-ExtinctionbyBigData
⑤ExperienceandJudgmentEmpoweredbyBigData Analysis
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25. 다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
TheNumberofElectricVehicleModels AvailabletoConsumersinNorthAmerica
The above graph shows the number of electric vehicle models available to consumers in North America from 2011 to 2018.
① For the given period, the total number of electric vehicle models available to North American consumers steadily increased.
② From 2011 to 2016 the number of battery electric vehicle models available to North American consumers was more than that of plug-in hybrid models, but from 2017 to 2018 the latter exceeded the former. ③ For the whole period, the minimum number of fuel cell electric vehicle models North American consumers could buy was 2 and the maximum number 4. ④ Both in 2013 and 2014, the number of battery electric vehicle models North American consumers could buy was the same. ⑤ When it comes to plug-in hybrids, the number of models available to North American consumers in 2018 was almost twice that in 2014.
26. JaneAddams에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Jane Addams is one of the best-known early women sociologists in the United States because she founded Hull House, one of the most famous settlement houses, in an impoverished area of Chicago. Throughout her career, she was actively engaged in sociological endeavors: She lectured at numerous colleges, was a charter member of the American Sociological Society, and published a number of articles and books. Addams was one of the authors of Hull-House Maps and Papers, a groundbreaking book that used a methodological technique employed by sociologists for the next forty years. She was also awarded a Nobel Prize for her assistance to the underprivileged. In recent years, Addams has received greater recognition from contemporary sociologists because of her role as an early theorist of social change who influenced later feminist theorists and activists.
① 시카고의 빈곤 지역에 HullHouse를 세웠다.
② 많은 대학에서 강의를 했다.
③Hull-HouseMapsandPapers를 단독으로 집필했다.
④ 혜택을 못 받는 사람들에 대한 지원으로 노벨상을 받았다.
⑤ 여성주의 이론가와 활동가에게 영향을 주었다.
27. MedfordCookingClasses에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Medford Cooking Classes
Join us for afree class in cooking withorganic ingredients. At each class we will prepare and enjoy a meal together. In addition, a complimentary cookbook is provided upon completion.
• This cooking class will be held every Wednesday in December starting at 5:30 p.m. and ending at 8:30 p.m.
• The maximum number of students in a class is 15 and they fill up on a first come, first served basis. So please register early.
◎ Participants will learn about:
- knife skills, food safety, and equipment essentials
- building flavor: herbs, spices, soup making & world cuisine
- smart ways with protein, including grains, beans, and other things
※ To register, contact John Walters at 541-690-3989 or info@
medfordcookingclass.org.
① 유기농 재료로 요리하는 무료 수업이다.
② 수료 시 무료 요리책이 제공된다.
③12월 매주 수요일 저녁에 4시간 동안 진행된다.
④ 수업의 최대 인원은 15명으로 선착순으로 마감된다.
⑤ 참가자는 칼을 다루는 기술에 관해 배운다.
28. Monaghan Photo Competition에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Monaghan Photo Competition
Capture wonderful physical features in a town, village, or small community in Monaghan.
Competition Rules
•Competitors may enter as many photographs as they wish.
•No digital enhancement of image content is allowed.
•Photo must be supplied in digital JPG format only. File size must be between 1MB and 3MB.
•An entry form must be submitted for each photo entered.
The Judging Process
A short list of up to five photos will be chosen by a panel of professional judges. These will be posted to our website until December 12. The final decision will be made by public vote.
Voting will close on December 20. Winners will be announced on December 21.
※ Entries will close on December 2, 2020.
※ For entry forms, visit www.networkmonaghan.com.
① 참가자당 출품작 수에 제한이 있다.
② 디지털 방식으로 출품작 이미지를 향상시킬 수 있다.
③JPG를 포함한 여러 포맷으로 출품할 수 있다.
④ 출품하는 사진마다 출품 양식을 각각 제출해야 한다.
⑤ 최종 후보작 다섯 점은 일반인 투표로 선택된다.
(%)70
60
40 50
20 30
10
0 2011
6 11 15 15 20 21 25 29
10 17
24
44 54
654
3
3 4
2
3 2
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (year) Battery Electric Vehicles Plug-in Hybrids Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
39 29
22
32 26 15 20
7 11
4
5
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29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]
When the natural communication systems of primates are examined, no straightforward increase in complexity from monkeys to apes to humans ① is observed. Many researchers characterize great ape communication systems as more limited in range than ② those of monkeys. For example, monkeys, but not other apes, have functionally referential alarm calls, although whether monkey calls are truly referential like human language
③ to remain contested. This particular ape-monkey difference makes biological sense. Great apes are larger and stronger than monkeys, and hence are less vulnerable to predation. Apes almost certainly didn’t evolve referential alarm calls because they had comparatively little to be alarmed about. Indeed, there is little
④ that is learned at all in the vocal communication of nonhuman apes. Apes do possess gestures to initiate play, for instance, or when infants signal they wish to be carried — many of these gestures have learned elements. However, apes seemingly do not use their gestures referentially, nor ⑤ do their gestures exhibit any symbolic or conventionalized features.
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Wherever we find creativity, we almost always find it was the result of a person who willingly went to work on a real problem.
Thomas Edison once remarked that “Everything comes to him who hustles.” Work. Don’t worry. That was Edison’s advice. And he proved its ① usefulness by his own example. But despite Edison’s experience and that of countless others who continue to make breakthroughs, there remains considerable ② mystery about how creative ideas actually come to people. When we read the words of people like Giacomo Puccini, that great operatic composer, who once remarked, “The music of this opera Madame Butterfly was ③ dictated to me by God; I was merely instrumental in putting it on paper and communicating it to the public,” what are we to think? Obviously, he and others feel as though they are merely the ④ instrument through which creative energies are flowing. While it might have felt this way to Puccini, it is also evident that Puccini ⑤ overestimated his own abilities.
* hustle: 힘차게 해내다
31. The obvious problems being caused by economic growth have not been ignored by academics: they were noticed by some in the economics profession, who then attempted to incorporate these concerns into their discipline. This led to the development of environmental economics, and also the related study of natural- resource economics. Conventional economics considers environmental impact to be an ‘externality’, something outside its concern. Environmental economists were keen to bring these negative impacts back within the discipline. However, they still approached the subject in a scientific and measurement-based way, for example using shadow pricing to measure how much people were concerned about noise pollution or the loss of habitat.
In other words, the way in which economics traditionally marginalizes or ignores something that cannot be priced was still adhered to, but the response was to attempt to
in some way aspects of life which economics had ignored. Green economists would consider this to be a category error; in other words, they believe it is important to accept that some aspects of life have social or spiritual worth that simply cannot be measured.
[3점]
①criticize ②evaluate ③advertise
④abandon ⑤postpone
[31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
32. In some ways, food media takes readers and viewers into the back of the house where gourmet cooking takes place. This is not to say such depictions are accurate, entertaining as they might be.
As Andrew Chan notes, contemporary shows “create a gap that separates the viewer from the reality of actual cookery.” In fact, Kathleen Collins explains that, “Television cooking shows, and the media in general, are largely responsible for glamorizing what will always be, in actuality, toiling, sweaty labor.” She also concedes, however, that such media coverage — and the public’s seemingly insatiable appetite for programming related to food and eating —
“has brought deserved attention to a previously uncelebrated class of laborers and artisans.” As such, the media has made visible some of the hidden work that goes into producing our eating experiences but often in ways that .
* toil: 고생하다, 수고하다 ** concede: 인정하다
*** insatiable: 만족을 모르는
①donotconsiderourtaste
②deepentheintensityofpain
③maketheviewersfeelguilty
④aremorefantasythanreality
⑤donotbenefituseconomically
6 영어 영역
33. One view sees preschool children as developing a coarse set of beliefs or “framework theory” that helps guide the emergence of later more culture-specific views. By this account, young children become convinced of two very salient “facts” about their external world: it is essentially flat, and unsupported objects fall down. As they grow older and become immersed in their culture, they strive to fit these two universal framing beliefs with what the culture tells them about the earth, the moon, and the stars. This process of fitting these strong early beliefs with what their culture tells them often as they either attempt to reconcile the two or simply develop compartmentalized and internally contradictory beliefs. For example, their firsthand experience of flatness and things falling down may be very difficult to reconcile with being told that the earth is round. Children will try to reinterpret “round”
as not meaning a sphere but instead as something like a flat disc or a hollowed out hemisphere in which people live. [3점]
* salient: 두드러진, 현저한 ** compartmentalized: (별도로) 구획된
①occursrandomly
②iseasytocontrol
③resultsindistortions
④beginsearlyinschool
⑤dependsontheir intellect
34. Couples in an intimate relationship have a way of sharing responsibility for things that need to be remembered, and this is mostly implicit, without their actually assigning the task to each other. For example, in most couples, each member of the couple has an area of expertise that the other lacks, and these areas are known to both partners. When a new piece of information comes in that concerns the couple, the person with expertise accepts responsibility for the information, and the other person lets the partner do so (relieving themselves of having to). When information comes in that is neither partner’s area of expertise, there is usually a brief negotiation about who will take it on. These transactive memory strategies combine to ensure that information the couple needs . This is one of the reasons why, after a very long relationship, if one partner dies, the other partner can be left stuck not knowing how vast swaths of day-to- day life are navigated. [3점]
* swath: (베어낸 한) 영역, 구획
①will always be captured by at least one of the partners
②will be extended by further input from the environment
③is proved by the expert of whom both partners know
④is not affected by the existing memory related to it
⑤can be kept confidential during their relationship
35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
You may resist the notion that music, which you think should be free to express emotion, is best thought of as rule-governed behavior. But rules govern all meaningful human cultural behavior in just this way. ① The point is not that musical performance is predetermined by rules, but that it proceeds according to them.
② In this view, music is like a game or a conversation: without rules we could not have a game, and without agreement about what words are, what they mean, and how they are used, we could not hold a meaningful conversation. ③ Nonetheless, just as meaningful conversations can express emotion, so meaningful music can express it as well, though not, of course, in exactly the same way. ④ Therefore, if we recognize music as an integral part of life, stimulating growth in the entire person, we can understand why music forms a necessary part of public education. ⑤ Further, if a listener does not understand the rules, he or she can understand neither the intention of the composer or musician nor the music’s structure.
36.
Although bothpapyrus andparchment were used in various placesthroughouttheancientworldforcenturies,theeventual displacement of papyrus as the standard writing medium was fueledbyarivalry.
(A) Cutting off the supply of papyrus only led the scholars in Pergamum to improve parchment and to rely on it as their main writing material. By the waning of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D., the parchment codex had become the predominant form of the book, replacing the papyrus roll.
(B) Not to be outdone by a competitor, Egypt placed an embargo on the export of the native papyrus, thus preventing Pergamum from obtaining the needed writing medium.
(C) As Alexandria was accumulating volumes and copies of documents, so was the library in Pergamum. Another important center of scholarship, the Greek kingdom of Pergamum was located in present-day Turkey and was founded in the second century B.C.
* parchment: 양피지 ** codex: 필사본
*** embargo: 통상[수출입] 금지
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.
7
영어 영역
38.
Public goods, on the other hand, are subject to the free-rider problem.
The free market will tend to oversupply goods with negative externalities, and undersupply goods with positive externalities. It is easy to see why. Creating a negative externality is often a way of dumping your costs on another: literally. ( ① ) If it is cheaper to use a noisy production process than a quiet one, other people are inadvertently ‘subsidizing’ my use of the noisy process by bearing the cost of being disturbed by the noise. ( ② ) Why should I contribute to supply street lights if I will get the benefit whether or not I contribute? ( ③ ) But if everyone thinks like this — and the market encourages this type of reasoning — no lighting will be provided. ( ④ ) It is normally assumed that the solution to these problems is to make the state the supplier of public goods, taxing citizens to pay for them. ( ⑤ ) Similarly, the state can make pollution illegal, returning the costs to the polluter.
* subsidize: 보조금을 주다 [38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한
곳을 고르시오.
37.
Currently scientists are trying to determine what fish want whentheyareincaptivity. Identifyingpreferencesfordifferent types of resources has had an impact on terrestrial farming studiesofwelfare.
(A) Choice tests between two different types of sock or different types of housing would show that you prefer wool and central heating but they wouldn’t reveal how strongly you felt about these choices. For assays in farms to be useful, we need to find ways of measuring how motivated an animal is to have access to one resource over another.
(B) But one thing earlier experiments with terrestrial farm animals have shown is that ‘preference tests’ must be carefully designed and it is not always as straightforward as offering two or more choices and seeing what animals do.
(C) For instance, simple choice tests don’t tell us how strongly the animal feels about its choice; in a bitter winter, you might slightly prefer wool socks to cotton ones because they keep your feet a bit warmer, but you would probably strongly like to live sockless in a house with central heating more than outdoors with excellent socks. [3점]
* assay: 분석 평가
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
39.
Specifically, he suggested that for every unit of increased heightthedepthoftreadshouldbedecreasedbytwounits. For a long time it was recognized that people going up and down steps appreciate being able to do so with a certain rhythm, and that this instinct could most readily be satisfied by having broad treads on short climbs and narrower treads on steeper climbs. ( ① ) Classical writers on architecture had surprisingly little to say on the design of stairs, however. ( ② ) Vitruvius merely suggested that stairs should be well lighted. ( ③ ) His concern was not to reduce the risk of falls but to keep people moving in opposite directions from colliding. ( ④ ) It wasn’t until the late seventeenth century that a Frenchman named François Blondel devised a formula that mathematically fixed the relationship between riser and tread. ( ⑤ ) The formula was widely adopted and even now, more than three hundred years later, remains enshrined in many building codes even though it doesn’t actually work very well — or indeed at all — on stairs that are either unusually high or unusually low. [3점]
* tread: (계단의) 디딤판 ** enshrined in: ~에 명시된
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Working memory and encoding processes are keys to understanding transience, but they are not the entire story.
Whether an experience is quickly forgotten or remembered for years also depends on what happens after those first few seconds when a memory is born. Human beings are storytellers, and we tend to tell stories about ourselves.
Thinking and talking about experiences not only helps to make sense of the past, but also changes the likelihood of subsequent remembering. Those episodes and incidents we discuss and rehearse are protected, at least partially, from transience; those that we don’t ponder or mention tend to fade more quickly. Of course, the experiences that cause us to ponder and discuss them repeatedly might simply be more memorable in the first place. After the Loma Prieta earthquake struck the Bay Area in 1989, those who experienced it firsthand were so eager to relate their memories of this distinctive and disturbing event that others quickly became saturated by endless tales of “where I was when the earthquake hit.” Soon a popular T-shirt appeared admonishing people to refrain from sharing their earthquake stories.
* transience: 일시성(기억에 대한 접근 가능성이 점차 감소하는 것)
Talking and thinking about a past event (A) our memory, and sometimes the event itself is so memorable that it
(B) our talking and thinking in the aftermath.
(A) (B)
①consolidates …… facilitates
②consolidates …… inhibits
③distorts …… directs
④distorts …… renews
⑤modifies …… enriches
8 영어 영역
* 확인 사항
◦ 답안지의 해당란에 필요한 내용을 정확히 기입(표시)했는지 확인 하시오.
On theBritish Isleof Wight in 2003,conditions on theschool bus gotvery bad. Pupilswere fighting,abusing each other, even throwing seats out of the windows and distracting the driver from payingattention tothe road. Thebehaviorof aminority of children wasputting the (a) safety of everyoneelse at risk. The bus drivers did not like to leave the troublemakers at the roadside, but eventually found themselves forced to do that or call the police. But even these harsh measures didn’t (b) help. The crime and disorder manager for the Isle of Wight then introduced a simple but effective measure. She separated the disorderly boys from their peers and transported them in a pink bus. The bus and its color were carefully selected. It was the oldestvehiclethecompanyowned,hadnoheating,andhadbeen painted thecolorregardedasmostuncoolbyboys,whomadeup most of the troublemakers. Unruly pupils were embarrassed to be seen on the bus, and either covered their faces or slouched downbelowthewindowstopreventpeoplefromstaringatthem. As a result, there was a substantial (c) increase in violent bus incidents. Embarrassment proved to be more effective than the methodsofthepolice.
The idea of using social emotion as a deterrent rather than physical punishment is nothing (d) new. In medieval Europe, various offenders were forced to wear masks of shame to publicly displaytheir misdemeanors. Aflute-of-shamemaskwas forbadmusicians,aswinemaskformentreatingwomenpoorly, and ahood of shame for bad students. Designing environments that elicit offenders’ embarrassed emotions can be a powerful waytodealwith (e) deviantbehavior,whateveritscausesare.
* slouch down: 몸을 젖히다 ** deterrent: 억제책[물]
*** misdemeanor: 경범죄 [41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
(A)
I worked with an elementary school where the staff and principal had often reported communication difficulties. The districtsuperintendenthadrequestedthatIhelpthem resolvethe conflict. First I was to confer with the staff, and then with the staff andprincipal together. Iopened the meeting by asking the staff, “What is the principal doing that conflicts with your needs?”“(a) Hehasabigmouth!”cametheswiftresponse. [43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
①TroublemakersDeserveaLegalPunishment,NotanEmotionalOne
② Embarrassment: A PowerfulMeans to CorrectWrongdoing
③ NoMore ViolentBehaviors TowardBus Drivers
④ BiasesRegarding SpecificColorsandTheirExamples
⑤ FindtheRootCause ofthe ProblemRatherthanaQuick Fix
43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D)
③ (C) - (D) - (B) ④ (D) - (B) - (C)
⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)
42. 밑줄 친 (a) ∼ (e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
(B)
For example, the principal told stories about his childhood duringfacultymeetings, withtheresult thatmeetingssometimes rantwentyminutesovertime. Thestaffhadtriedto communicate their annoyance to (b) him, but only through evaluative comments. They agreed to bring these problems up when we were all to meet together. When the meeting began, I saw what the staff had been telling me. No matter what was being discussed,the principalwouldinterject,“Thisreminds meofthe time ...” and thenlaunch into astory. So I asked, “Isn’t anyone goingtosaysomething?”
(C)
While “big mouth” gave me information on how this teacher evaluated the principal, it failed to describe what the principal said or did that led to the interpretation that (c) he had a “big mouth.”WhenIpointedthisout,twoteachersshoutedinunison,
“Well, your question is very hard to answer!” The staff subsequentlyworked together tocreate alistidentifying specific behaviors, on the part of the principal, that bothered them, and madesurethatthelistwasfreeofevaluation.
* in unison: 한 목소리로
(D)
An awkwardsilenceensued. Theteacher whohadspokenfirst at our meeting gathered (d) hiscourage andsaid, “Ed,you have a big mouth.” Eventually, the teachers succeeded in clarifying fortheprincipalthespecificactionsthatledtotheirconcern. The principal admitted he was aware of his storytelling habit, and then began a story related to this habit! I interrupted him, observing that (e) he wasdoing it again. Weended our meeting by developing ways forthestaff to let theirprincipal know, ina gentleway,whenhisstoriesweren’tappreciated.
44. 밑줄 친 (a) ∼ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 필자는 초등학교에서의 갈등 해소를 돕도록 요청받았다.
② 교장의 이야기 때문에 교직원 회의 시간이 길어졌다.
③ 교직원들은 전체가 모인 자리에서 문제를 제기하기로 동의했다.
④ 교직원들은 교장의 특정한 행동에 관한 목록을 만들었다.
⑤ 교장은 자신의 이야기하는 습관을 알지 못했다고 말했다.
