Measurements of the Scintillation Properties and the Radiation Hardness of the GAGG Single Crystal
Sang Jun Kang ∗
School of Liberal Arts, Semyung University, Jechon 390-711, Korea
J. M. Park · J. Y. Lee · H. L. Kim · J. K. Son
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea (Received 17 March 2015 : revised 21 April 2015 : accepted 21 April 2015)
We investigated the luminescence and the scintillation properties of a Gd
3Al
2Ga
3O
12:Ce(GAGG) crystal grown at the TPS (Total Polishing Solution) Co. The GAGG crystal has the highest light yield among oxide crystals at room temperature and a fast decay time for the detection of radioactivity and for use in nuclear and particle physics experiments and in medical imaging. The scintillation properties of the GAGG crystal were studied. We measured the energy resolution, the absolute light yield, the decay time, and the pulse height spectrum for radioactive source such as
22Na,
54Mn,
137Cs, and
241Am. We also measured the radiation damage after irradiation by a 100-MeV proton beam for a total luxs of 50, 100, and 1,000 Gy at the 100-MeV proton beam facility of the Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex.
PACS numbers: 29.27.Fh, 29.40.Mc, 29.27.Fh
Keywords: Crystal scintillator, Proton irradiation, Radiation damage, GAGG
GAGG m+ s ÇX N Ë8 ý V Ȱ Ë Ñ ¤V R Ë õ m Í U ê s Ö « P ê sy ¢ ¤X N Ë
~ ç
¡ ç ¡+ Ö < ∗
[
j" î @ / < Æ § § ª õ & ñ Â Ò, ] j ; 390-711
+ ä * > · T ® £* å · »A j Ð · ) í <® £# Ü
â
· ¡ ¤ @ / < Æ § Ó ü t o < Æõ , @ /½ ¨ 702-701
(2015¸ 3 Z 4 17{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2015¸ 4 Z 4 21{ 9 Ã º& ñ : r ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2015¸ 4 Z 4 21{ 9 > F S X & ñ )
: r ½ ¨\ " f H ( Å Ò) w x \ Û ¼\ " f Gd
3Al
2Ga
3O
12:Ce (GAGG) $ 3 F g é ß & ñ ` ¦ ¹ ¢ ¤$ í ¦, Õ ª $ 3 F g : £ ¤
$ í
õ ~ ½ Ó 0 p x y © ¸\ ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ % i . GAGG $ 3 F g é ß & ñ É r í ß o é ß & ñ [ þ t × æ \ " f © : r \ " f_ F g í ß Ø ¦ | ¾ Ó s
Z } ¦, É r Ô æ õ r ç ß ` ¦ t H é ß & ñ s . s Qô Ç : £ ¤$ í É r ~ ½ Ó 0 p x 8 £ ¤& ñ s Ù þ Ó ü t o < Æ, { 9 Ó ü t o
< Æ_ z ´+ « >\ 9 כ ¹ô Ç Ø ¦ l 6 x ¸\ ¸ ú ´ ú ¦ % ò © _ « Ñ © q \ ¸ 9 כ ¹ô Ç כ s . Ä ºo ¹ ¢ ¤$ í ô Ç GAGG é
ß & ñ ¸ Ð ¦ ) a : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ t H · ú Ðl 0 A # $ 3 F g : £ ¤$ í \ @ / # ¸ % i . GAGG $ 3 F g é ß
&
ñ _ \ -t ì r K 0 p x, ] X @ / F g í ß Ø ¦ | ¾ Ó, ¦Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 õ Ô æ õ r ç ß 1 p x` ¦ ~ ½ Ó 0 p x " é ¶ ;
22Na,
54Mn,
137Cs, x 9
241Am \ @ / # 8 £ ¤& ñ % i . Õ ªo ¦ â Å Ò ª $ í 5 Å q l ½ ¨ G ' p' _ 100 MeV ª $ í c ¸ z
´\ " f, 100 MeV_ ª $ í c ` ¦ 50, 100, Õ ªo ¦ 1,000 Gy ¸ r Ê ê GAGG $ 3 F g é ß & ñ _ ~ ½ Ó 0
p
x \ _ ô Ç < H © & ñ ¸\ ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ % i .
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
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PACS numbers: 29.27.Fh, 29.40.Mc, 29.27.Fh Keywords: $ 3 F g é ß & ñ , ª $ í ¸ , ~ ½ Ó < H © , Õ ª
I. " e  ] Ø
$ 3
F g é ß & ñ É r { 9 Ó ü t o < Æs Ù þ Ó ü t o < Æ, ;^ Ó ü t o < Æ 1
p
x \ " f # Qt { 9 \ ¦ Ø ¦ H X < 6 x ÷ & ¦ e Ü ¼ 9,
% ò
© _ « Ñ © q \ ¸ 6 x ÷ & ¦ e . s ¸ H ì r \ " f
9
כ ¹ Ð H $ 3 F g é ß & ñ \ כ ¹½ ¨÷ & H $ í | 9 É r, Ø æì r y ´ ú §
É
r F g í ß Ø ¦ | ¾ Ó, É r Ô æ õ r ç ß , Z } É r \ -t ì r K 0 p x õ Z }
É
r Ä »´ ò Z ° ú כ 1 p x s [1,5–7]. Õ ª s Ä » Ð # Qt $ 3 F
g: £ ¤$ í ` ¦ t H ª ô Ç 7 á x À Ó_ $ 3 F g é ß & ñ [ þ t s > hµ 1 Ï÷ &
¦ e H X <, þ j H \ Tohoku Õ ªÒ ¨ \ " f Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 :Ce
$ 3
F g é ß & ñ ` ¦ þ j í Ð > hµ 1 Ï % i . s $ 3 F g é ß & ñ É r
© 520 nm\ " f x ß ¼ ° ú כ` ¦ t H Ce +3 _ 5d-4f \ p
_ _ K , Z } É r F g í ß Ø ¦ | ¾ Ó (22-46,000 Ph/MeV)õ
É
r Ô æ õ 5 Å q ¸ (68 - 92 ns) x 9 Z } É r \ -t ì r K 0 p x (4.8 - 11.9%)` ¦ t ¦ e ¦ Ð ¦ % i [1,8–10]. GAGG $ 3 F
g é ß & ñ É r q §& h x 9 ¸ ß ¼ ¦ (6.63 g/cm 3 ) Ä »´ ò Z ° ú כ s
54.4 Ð H ° ú כ` ¦ t ¦ e ¦, ` O Û ¼ ¸ ª ì r o 0 p x§ 4 s a
% ~ ¦ · ú 9& [11]. : r ½ ¨\ " f H íß ¼ Û ¼v ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü
¼ Ð Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 : Ce (GAGG) $ 3 F g é ß & ñ ` ¦ ( Å Ò)w x
\ Û ¼\ " f [2] ¹ ¢ ¤$ í % i (Fig. 1) [1]. ¹ ¢ ¤$ í ô Ç GAGG
$ 3
F g é ß & ñ ` ¦ / B N # Fig. 2 % ! 3 r « Ñ\ ¦ ë ß [ þ t ¦ µ 1 Ï F g
$ í
õ $ 3 F g : £ ¤$ í x 9 ~ ½ Ó 0 p x y © ¸\ ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ % i .
II. ÷ m Ç] M ö U ê s0 n É
GAGG $ 3 F g é ß & ñ _ y x 9 · ú { 9 \ @ /ô Ç
¦Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 , \ -t ì r K 0 p x õ Ô æ õ r ç ß ` ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ l 0 A
# Fig. 2ü < ° ú s 6 × 6 × 6 cm 3 ß ¼l _ GAGG r « Ñ\ ¦ ë
ß [ þ t% 3 . s r « Ñ_ 5 É r 0.4 mm _ e ¦ : r _ s á Ô Ð y
¦, Qt ô Ç ` ¦ ` v w ( Õ ªo Û ¼\ ¦ s 6 x # , -800 V
¦ · ú s ) a 3 u F g7 £ x C ' a (R6233, Hamamatsu Co) \ Â Ò Ã Ì r ( . F g7 £ x C ' a \ " f ¸ H ñ H OR- TEC 571 + þ A © 7 £ x; ¤ l Ð [ þ t # Q" f Ä ºÛ ¼ ì r í + þ AÜ ¼ Ð
$ í
+ þ A 7 £ x; ¤ ) a . s 7 £ x; ¤ ) a ñ\ ¦ 25 MHz ¦5 Å q Ð Õ
ª n t _ O ¨ 8 l (25 MHz FADC) Ð [ þ t # Qç ß . FADC _
ñ\ ¦ > h 6 x ( É Ó' Ð ~ Ã Î " f C++ X <s ' % o á Ô
ÐÕ ªÏ þ ROOT l ì ø Í_ ì r$ 3 á Ô ÐÕ ªÏ þ ` ¦ s 6 x # ì r
$
3 % i . Figure 3(a)\ z ´+ « > © u [ jh A_ > h| Ä Ì ¸` ¦ Ð
% i .
∗