Received November 29 2012, Revised March 26 2013, Accepted April 26 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͵Ǥͺͷͷ Ǥ ǤǤ
㉚⮮ኞ⇙㐦ⴖ#⮲#᜶㰒ᆾ#ጎᶇ#ᙲ⾂⛯ᡣ⮎#↶㐖ᡒ#⮿㭣
ૈச ȵ୨็ઽ
Oh, Ju*, Jung, Hie-Young**
Effects of Thermal Aging of Natural Rubber Bearing on Seismic Performance of Bridges
ABSTRACT
The dynamic characteristics of natural rubber bearings, which are used as isolator, are dependent on the main rubber's dynamic behaviors and nonlinear properties. Rubber materials tend to undergo an aging process under the influence of mechanical or environmental factors, so they inevitably end up facing damage. A main cause of aging like this is known to be oxidization, which occurs through the heat of reaction at high temperatures. Accordingly, in this study an accelerated thermal aging test was carried out in order to compare the characteristic values of the bearings before and after thermal aging occurs. As a result of this experiment, it was found that a thermal aging phenomenon could have some effects on shear stiffness, energy absorption, and equivalent damping coefficients of the bearings. Furthermore, a deterioration in the dynamic properties of the natural rubber bearings caused by the thermal aging was applied to an actual bridge and then the effects of such thermal aging on the seismic performance of the bridge were also compared and analyzed based on numerical analysis. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the changes in the basic properties of the natural rubber bearings caused by the thermal aging bring only a minor effect on the seismic performance of bridges.
Key words : Natural rubber bearing, Isolator, Thermal aging, Seismic performance
Ⅹಾ
ḡḥĊญᰆ⊹ಽᕽᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹࠺ᱢ✚ᖒᮡᵝᰍഭᯙŁྕ᮹࠺ᱢÑ࠺ŝእᖁ⩶ᖒḩᨱ᮹᳕⦹Łᯩ݅. ᩎ⦺ᱢᯕӹ⪹Ğᱢᯙᩢ⨆ᮝಽᯙ⧕
Łྕᰍഭᨱי⪵aḥ⧪ࡹŁđǎᨱ۵ᗱᔢᯕᇩa⦝⦹íၽᔾ⦹íࡽ݅. Łྕᰍഭ᮹י⪵ᨱᵝᬱᯙᮡ׳ᮡ᪉ࠥᨱᕽၹ᮲ᩕಽᯙ⦽ᔑ⪵ၹ᮲ ᮝಽಅᲙ݅. ᯕᨱᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᨱݡ⦽aᗮᩕי⪵ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩍᩕי⪵ᱥ읆⬥ᨱݡ⧕ၼ⋉᮹✚ᖒsᮥᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅ⨹đŝ
ᩕי⪵⩥ᔢᮡᱥ݉vᖒŝᨱթḡqᙁəญŁ॒aqᗭĥᙹᨱᩢ⨆ᯕᯩᮭᮥᙹᯩᨩ݅. ੱ⦽ᩕי⪵ᨱ᮹⦽࠺ᱢ✚ᖒ᮹ᱡ⦹ෝᝅᱽƱప ᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵aƱప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕እƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᨱݡ⦹ᩍᩕ
י⪵ᨱෙʑᅙ✚ᖒᄡ⪵aƱప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮡⓍḡᦫᮭᮥᙹᯩᨩ݅.
áᔪᨕ ᩑŁྕၼ⋉, Ċญᰆ⊹, ᩕי⪵, ԕḥᖒ܆
1. ᕽು
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉(natural rubber bearing, NRB)ᮡŁྕ᪡Łྕᔍᯕᨱᅕvᬊv❱ᮥ⊖ᔢ⩶┽ಽᱢ⊖⦹ᩍᙹḢ⦹ᵲᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵Łྕ᮹
᳭Ǖ⩥ᔢᮥႊḡ⦹ŁⓑᙹḢvᖒᮥᮁḡ⦹໑, ᙹ⠪ႊ⨆ᮝಽ۵Łྕ᮹ᮁᩑᖒᮥၽ⩥⦹۵ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᮝಽᕽḡḥĊญၼ⋉᮹ᯝ᳦ᯕ݅.
ᯕ్⦽ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᮝಽḡḥĊญᖅĥၼ⋉᮹ᱥ݉vᖒŝᨱթḡᗭᔑ⬉ŝ۵ᵝᰍഭಽᔍᬊࡹŁᯩ۵Łྕᰍഭ᮹࠺ᱢÑ࠺እᖁ⩶
ĵܓėॡ
Table 1. Parameters of natural rubber bearing
Parameters Value Parameters Value
Steel plate diameter, D
s259mm Rubber thickness, t
i3mm Inner hole diameter, D
p56mm Rubber layer, n 29 Total diameter, D 279mm Steel plate thickness, t
s3mm 1
stShape factor, S
121.6 2
ndShape factor, S
22.98 Shear modulus, G 0.4MPa
¬
Îá ć у
Ƈà
Ǝ, ¬
Ïá ć ƌƒ
ƇFig. 1. Cross section of natural rubber bearing
ᖒḩᨱ ᮹᳕⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᮥ ⡍⧉⦹ᩍ ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᮡaḡᩎ⦺ᱢ, ⪹Ğᱢᯙᩢ⨆ᮝಽŁྕᨱי⪵aḥ⧪ࡹŁ
đǎᨱ۵ᗱᔢᯕᇩa⦝⦹íၽᔾ⦹íࡽ݅. ᯝၹᱢᮝಽŁྕ۵
᪅ఌ࠺ᦩʑᨱי⇽ࡹᨕᔍᬊ⦽ĞᬑĞ⪵⦹ᩍ⢽໕ᨱɁᩕᯕ
ၽᔾ⦹Ñӹ Łྕ⢽໕ᨱ ҩᱢᯥ ॒ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹໑, ᯕ zᮡ ⩥ᔢᮥ
י⪵(aging)Ł⦽݅. י⪵᮹ᵝᬱᯙᮡŖʑᵲ᮹ᔑᗭᨱ᮹⦽
ᔑ⪵᯲ᬊŝᩕ, ᪅᳕, ɩᗮᩝ॒ᯕŁᯕॅᮡŁྕ᮹י⪵ෝⅪḥ⦽
݅. Łྕי⪵ᯙᵲᨱᕽᩕᨱ᮹⧕᪉ࠥa׳ᦥḡ໕ၹ᮲ᩕᯕ
ၽᔾ⦹ᩍᔑ⪵ၹ᮲᮹ḥ⧪ᗮࠥaⅪḥࡽ݅. Fitzgrald et al.(1992)
ᮡ Łྕᨱᕽ ၹᅖ᮲ಆᯕ ᯲ᬊ⧁ ভ ᪉ࠥa ׳ᮥᙹಾ ┥ᖒℕ᮹
ྜྷญᱢ ✚ᖒᯕ ᱡqࡹ۵ ॒ ᩕŝ ၹᅖ⦹ᵲᨱ ݡ⦽ ᔢššĥෝ
ၾ⩵݅. ੱ⦽Choi et al.(2000)ᮡᩕי⪵ᨱෙŁྕ᮹ᇥᯱǍ᳑
ᄡ⪵᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥᩑǍ⦹ᩡŁ, ᩕי⪵eᯕ᷾a⧉ᨱᩑᗮᱢᯙ
Łྕa⫊᮹᷾aಽaƱၡࠥa᷾a⧉ᮥᦥԩ݅. əญŁᩑŁ
ྕෝ Ŗʑ᪡ ᩝᙹᨱ י⇽┉ ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ ᪉ࠥෝ 60~120ⳃʭḡ
ᄡ⪵⍽Łྕ⠙᮹ᯙᰆ❭ƕᝅ⨹ᮥ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝᩝᙹᅕ݅
ݡʑᵲஉÑᬕŖʑaⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅(Mott et al., 2001). ᯕౝᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᨱᕽ᮹ᩕי⪵(thermal aging) ۵׳ᮡ᪉ࠥ᪡zᮡ⪹ĞᨱšĥaᯩŁ, ᯕᨱෙ݅ෙ❭ƕ
ີ⍅ܩ᷹ᯕၽᔾ⧁a܆ᖒᯕᯩ݅. ƱపŝÕྜྷᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᩑŁྕ
ၼ⋉ᯕ ᰆʑe ᩕ⪵ ⪹Ğᨱ י⇽ࡹᨕ י⪵a ၽᔾ⦹Ł, ḡḥŝ
zᮡ ᇩ⪶ᝅ⦽ ḥ࠺ᯕ ၽᔾ⦹۵ Ğᬑ Ǎ᳑ྜྷᨱ ᝍb⦽ ⦝⧕ෝ
Ⅹ௹⧁ᬑಅaᯩ݅. ə్အಽᩕי⪵ᔢ┽ᨱᕽᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹
࠺ᱢ✚ᖒᮡḡḥĊญǍ᳑ྜྷ ᖅĥԕǍᖒ⊂໕ᨱᕽŁಅ⧕
⧁ᗭᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ݅. ੱʑ᳕᮹ฯᮡᝅ⨹ŝᩑǍෝ☖⧕ḡḥĊ ญᰆ⊹᮹⬉ŝa᯦᷾ࡹ໕ᕽ Ʊపᨱᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ŝzᮡḡḥ Ċญᰆ⊹᮹Ŗᔍಡa᷾a⦹ŁᯩŁ, ᯕ్⦽ၼ⋉ᮥᱢᬊ⦽Ʊ ప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆⠪aၰ⨆ᔢᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍࠥฯᯕᙹ⧪ࡹŁᯩ݅
(Park et al., 2003; Han et al., 2004). ᝅᱽƱప᮹ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᮥ
ݡᔢᮝಽי⪵ᨱෙ✚ᖒᄡ⪵ෝᩑǍ⦹Łᩩ⊂⦹۵ᩑǍࠥᙹ
⧪ࡹᨩ݅(Kato et al., 1996; Itoh et al., 2009). ə్ӹḡḥĊญ
ၼ⋉᮹ י⪵ᨱෙ Ʊప᮹ ԕḥᖒ܆ᄡ⪵ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᩑǍ۵Ñ᮹
ᨧ۵ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍ۵ᩑŁྕෝᯕᬊ⦽ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ
⋉᮹ᩕי⪵✚ᖒᮥ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕aᗮᩕי⪵ᝅ⨹(accelerated thermal aging test)ᮥ ⦹Ł ⨹ℕ᮹ ᩕ י⪵ ᱥ⬥᮹ ✚ᖒᮥ
ᝅᱽƱపᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ Ǎ᳑⧕ᕾ⦹ŁᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹י⪵aƱ ప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᯕᖅĥᱢᬊࡽᝅᱽƱపᨱᕽእ໕ḥᔢ┽ᨱᕽŖɪ ᩎపŝᗭᩎపᮝಽԕḥᖒ܆ᮥ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕಽᇡ░ၼ⋉ᬊప ᯕᱢᱶᙹᵡᯥᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹Łᩕי⪵ᨱෙԕḥᖒ܆ᄡ⪵ෝá☁⦹
ᩡ݅.
2. ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᩕי⪵ᝅ⨹ၰᇥᕾ
2.1 ਏ఼୪
⨹ℕ᮹✚ᖒၰԕǍᖒᝅ⨹, ⠪a۵ISO22762(2010)ᨱ
✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᔢʑ᮹ ȽĊᨱᕽ۵ ḡḥᮝಽᇡ░ Ʊప
⪚ᮡÕ⇶Ǎ᳑ྜྷᮥᅕ⪙⦹Łᯱᔍᬊ⦹۵ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉⩶┽᮹ḡ ḥĊญᰆ⊹ᨱݡ⦹ᩍᝅ⨹ႊჶŝᝅ⨹⠪aʑᵡᨱݡ⦹ᩍⅾ3ᇡᇥ ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡹᨕᯩ݅. ᩑŁྕ۵ ┢ᬵ⦽ ┥ᖒ܆ಆŝ ᅖᬱ܆ಆᮥ
aḡŁᯩᨕḡḥĊญᰆ⊹ᨱ⡎մíᯕᬊࡹᨕ᪵݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ
ᔍᬊࡽ⨹ℕੱ⦽ᩑŁྕ᮹Łᮁᖒḩᯙ┥ᖒᅖᬱ܆ಆᯕᯩ۵
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉(NRB)ᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ⨹ℕ᮹ḢĞᮡᇡŁྕࢱ
̹10mmෝ⡍⧉⦽äᮝಽԕᇡᱢ⊖Łྕ⦽⊖᮹ࢱ̹۵bb
3mmᯕ݅. Łྕ᮹ᱢ⊖ᙹ۵29⊖ᮝಽᱢ⊖⦹ᩡŁ, ᅕvv❱᮹
ࢱ̹۵3mmᯕ݅.
¬ Î
ᮡ⦽}᮹Łྕ⊖Ǎຮᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᯱᮁ⢽໕ᱢ ᨱݡ⦽⦹ᵲ໕ᱢ᮹እಽᕽ1₉⩶ᔢĥᙹ(primary shape factor) ᯕŁ,¬ Ï
۵ԕᇡŁྕ᮹ⅾࢱ̹ᨱݡ⦽ᮁ⬉⡎᮹እᮉᮥӹ┡ԕ ۵2₉⩶ᔢĥᙹ(secondary shape factor)ᯕ݅. ᯱᖙ⦽⨹ℕ᮹ᱽᬱᮡTable 1ŝzŁ, Figure 1ᮡ⨹ℕ᮹⩶ᔢၰ݉໕ᱽᬱᮥ
ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅. ᩕ י⪵ ✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᨱ ᔍᬊࡽ ⨹ℕ۵ ᧞ 16֥
ᱥᨱᝅᱽƱపᨱᱢᬊࡽᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ŝ࠺ᯝ⦹íᖅĥࡽäᮝಽ
ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශ100%ᨱᕽᱥ݉┥ᖒĥᙹ0.4MPaᯙᩑŁྕෝᔍᬊ
⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᔢ ၼ⋉ᮥ ⩥ᰍ᮹ Ʊపᖅĥʑᵡᨱ á☁⦽ đŝ
Table 2. Parameter of fatigue tester
Max. load Max. displacement Max. velocity Vertical
capacity ±2000kN ±100mm 100mm/sec Horizontal
capacity ±500kN ±200mm 250mm/sec
Fig. 2. Compression-shear fatigue tester (2,000kN)
Table 3. Result of compression test
Item Compression stiffness (kN/mm) Virgin Aged Change ratio(%)
NRB 195 191 -2.05
Fig. 3. Hysteresis curve of compression test
⩶ᔢĥᙹa ŝᗭ⦹í ᱽ᯲ࡹᨕ ⩥ᰍ ᖅĥʑᵡᨱ۵ ᇡᱢ⧊⦹݅.
ᯕ۵ ŝÑᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᖅĥ}ֱᯕ ᱶพࡹḡ ᦫᦥ⩥
ᖅĥʑᵡᮥ อ᳒⦹ḡ ༜⦹۵ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
2.2 ਓՍրࢺ࣑
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉⨹ℕ᮹✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᨱᔍᬊࡽ⨹ʑ۵Table 2᪡
Figure 2ᨱӹ┡ӽၵ᪡zᮡᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉⨹ʑಽ↽ݡᙹḢ⦹ᵲ
2,000kNᯕ໑, ↽ݡᙹ⠪⦹ᵲᮡ500kNᯕ݅. əญŁ↽ݡᙹ⠪ᗮࠥ
۵250mm/secᯕŁ, ᙹ⠪ႊ⨆↽ݡᄡ᭥۵±200mmᯕ݅. ᱢ⊖Ł
ྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥᮹ᱥ݉✚ᖒᮥእƱ⦹ᩍᩕי⪵ᨱෙ
ᦶ⇶ၰᱥ݉✚ᖒᮥ❭ᦦ⦹ᩡ݅. י⪵ᝅ⨹ᮡי⪵ᱥᨱᱥ݉✚ᖒ
ၰɚ⦽ᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹⦹Ł, י⪵᪅ቱᨱᕽ70ⳃ᮹᪉ࠥಽ168
eי⪵┉⬥ ᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹ŝɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ
݅. ɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕᝅ⨹ᨱ۵ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥bb3}᮹⨹ℕෝᔍᬊ
⦹Łᝅ⨹⬥ᨱ۵ᰍᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᔍᬊ⦽⨹ℕ۵
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉8}ෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. b⨹ℕ۵4}ᦊᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥
⨹ℕಽǍᇥ⦹ᩡŁ, ᦶ⇶ၰᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹⬥ɚ⦽❭ƕᝅ⨹ᮥ
⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ၹᅖᰍ⦹✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᮡᄥࠥ᮹1}᮹⨹ℕෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ
ᝅ⨹⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⨹ℕ᮹ᱽ᯲ᔢ᮹᪅₉ၰᝅ⨹ᵲၽᔾa܆⦽
᪅₉ෝᵥᯕʑ᭥⧕bᝅ⨹ᨱݡ⦽đŝ۵⠪Ɂsᮥ≉⦹ᩡ݅.
ʑⅩ✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᯙᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹ᮡ࠺ᯝ⨹ℕಽי⪵ᱥ⬥
ᨱᝅ⦹ᩡŁ, ɚ⦽ᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹ࠥ⨹ℕෝי⪵ᱥ⬥ಽbb
Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ ᝅ⨹⦹ᩡ݅.
2.3 ਓէրࢫंজ
2.3.1 ౠনਓᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉⨹ℕෝᩕי⪵⬥ᦶ⇶✚ᖒ ᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⧕Table 3ŝzᮡđŝෝᨩ݅. ᯕভᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹
ᖅĥ ᦶ⇶ಆᮡ 490kNᯕŁ, b ᝅ⨹ᮡ ᖅĥ ᦶ⇶ಆᮥ ʑᵡᮝಽ
±30%ᦊ3⫭ၹᅖᰍ⦹⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉⨹ℕ᮹
י⪵ᱥᦶ⇶vᖒᮡ195kN/mmᩡᮝӹ, ᩕי⪵⬥ᦶ⇶vᖒᮡ
191kN/mmಽ᧞2%aపᱡ⦹ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ۵Park et al.(2012)᮹
ᩑǍ᪡ ᮁᔍ⦽ đŝಽᕽ, ᔢʑ᮹ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ԊŁྕၼ⋉(lead rubber bearing, LRB)ᮥݡᔢᮝಽ⦽݅۵ᱱᨱᕽᅙᩑǍ᪡݅ӹ
aᗮᩕי⪵᳑Õᯕ70ⳃ, 168hrᮝಽ࠺ᯝ⦹݅. ᔢʑ᮹ᩑǍđŝ ᨱ໕ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ᦶ⇶vᖒᮡbb478kN/mm, 462kN/mm ಽᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕ᩕי⪵⬥᧞3.34% qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩕי⪵
⬥ ⦹ᵲᄡ᭥ ᯕಆłᖁᮡ Figure 3ŝ zᮝ໑, b ⨹ℕ ᳦ඹᄥ
ᄡ⩶łᖁᮥᅕ໕י⪵⬥ᦶ⇶ಆᮡי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕᧞e᷾a⧉ᮥ
ᅝᙹᯩ݅. ᩕי⪵⬥ᙹḢᄡ᭥۵י⪵ᱥᨱᅕ݅qᗭ⦹۵ၹ໕ᨱ
ʑᬙʑ۵᷾a⦹۵Ğ⨆ᮥᅕᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ᩕי⪵ᨱෙŁྕ᮹
Ğࠥa ᷾a⧉ᨱ ᝁᰆශᯕ qᗭᨱ ෙ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
2.3.2 ୢۚনਓ
ᩕ י⪵ ᱥ⬥᮹ ᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉✚ᖒᝅ⨹ đŝ۵ Table 4᪡ zᯕ
ᱥ݉vᖒᮡי⪵ᱥ⬥bb0.196kN/mm, 0.195kN/mmಽᱡ⦹ࡹ
ᨕ᧞0.5% qᗭࡹᨩ݅. əญŁ॒aqᙁእ۵י⪵ᱥ7.56%ᨱᕽ
י⪵⬥7.35%ಽ᧞0.27%aపqᙁእaᱡ⦹ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕđŝ۵
Park et al.(2012)᮹ᩑǍđŝ᪡ᮁᔍ⦽đŝಽᕽaᗮᩕי⪵
Table 4. Result of compression-shear test
Item Shear stiffness (kN/mm)
Equivalent damping ratio (%)
Virgin 0.196 7.56
Aged 0.195 7.35
Change ratio(%) -0.51 -0.27
Fig. 4. Hysteresis curve of compression-shear test
(a) Shear stiffness
(b) Equivalent damping ratio Fig. 5. Physical properties of cycle test
ᱥ⬥ᱥݚvᖒᮡ᧞4.10% qᗭࡹᨩ݅. Figure 4۵ᩑŁྕၼ⋉⨹ℕᨱ ݡ⦽ ᩕ י⪵ ᱥ⬥ ᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉ ᯕಆłᖁᮥ እƱ⦹ᩍ
ᅕᯙ äᯕ݅.
2.3.3 ࢱ୍࣫নਓ
ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹י⪵ᱥ⬥᮹ၹᅖᰍ⦹✚ᖒᮥ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ᭥⦹
ᩍᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉ᝅ⨹ᮥ50⫭ၹᅖᰍ⦹⦹ᩡ݅. bb᮹⨹ℕෝᖅ⊹
⦹Ł, ᖅĥ໕ᦶᮝಽᙹḢᦶಆᮥa⦹ᩍ0.5Hz᮹ᱶ⩥❭ಽᖅĥᱥ
݉ᄡ᭥ಽᙹ⠪ᰍ⦹⦹ᩡ݅. b⨹ℕ᮹ၹᅖᰍ⦹ᙹ᷾aᨱෙ
ᱥ݉vᖒŝ॒aqᙁእ᮹ᄡ⪵ᮉᮡ3, 5, 10, 30, 50⫭ᱥ݉aಆ
⬥bb⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. b⨹ℕ᮹ၹᅖᰍ⦹ᨱෙbᔍᯕⓕᄥ
ᱥ݉vᖒŝ ॒aqᙁእ᮹ ᄡ⪵۵ Figure 5ᨱ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ʑ᳕
ᩑǍᨱ᮹⦹໕50⫭ၹᅖᰍ⦹ᝅ⨹᮹ĞᬑⅩʑ1~3ჩṙᯕⓕᨱ ᕽ᮹ᱥ݉vᖒŝ॒aqᙁእ᮹ᄡ⪵۵እƱᱢⓑäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ ḡอ, əᯕ⬥ၹᅖ⫭ᙹᇡ░۵ᄡ⪵⡎ᯕᱱ₉qᗭ⦹۵᧲ᔢᮥ
ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅(Oh et al., 2010). ᩕי⪵ᨱෙᱥ݉vᖒ᮹ᄡ⪵۵
י⪵ ᱥ 0.194kN/mmᨱᕽ י⪵ ⬥ 0.187kN/mm ᄡ⪵⦹ᩍ ᩕ
י⪵ᱥ⬥᧞3.6% ᱡ⦹ࡹᨩ݅. ॒aqᙁእᄡ⪵᮹Ğᬑ7.5%ᨱ ᕽ6.68% qᗭ⦹ᩍ᧞10.9% qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩍʑᕽ, ᱥ݉vᖒŝ
॒aqᙁእ᮹ᄡ⪵ᮉᮡb⨹ℕ᮹ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥bb50⫭ၹᅖᰍ
⦹ᝅ⨹ đŝෝ ⠪Ɂ⦽ sᮥ እƱ⦹ᩍ ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅.
2.3.4 ּୢۚ൞֏ਓ
ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ᖒ܆ᮥ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕ ᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. 1}᮹⨹ℕෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩍᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ
໑, Łᗮᮝಽᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⧁Ğᬑ⨹ℕ᮹ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶܆ಆᯕŝݡ⦹
í⠪aࢁᙹᯩʑভྙᨱᗮࠥ0.52 mm/secᯙᱡᗮ᮹ᱶᗮ❭ಽ
↽ݡᄡ⩶ශʭḡᙹ⠪ᄡ᭥ෝaಆ⦹ᩡ݅. ⨹ℕෝᖅ⊹⦽⬥↽ݡ
ᖅĥᦶ⇶ಆᮥᰍ⦹⦹Ł, ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉⨹ℕa❭ƕᨱᯕࠥಾ
⦽ႊ⨆ᮝಽᱥ݉ᄡ᭥ෝa⦽݅. ᯕভ⦹ᵲᯕ↽ݡᱱᮥḡӹɪĊ
⯩ ᱡ⦹ࢁ ভʭḡ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ĥᗮ⦹Ł, ∊ᇥ⯩ ❭ƕᨱ ᯕౡ݅Ł
❱݉ࢁভᝅ⨹ᮥ᳦ഭ⦹ᩡ݅. ɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕᝅ⨹⬥⨹ℕ᮹❭
ƕ༉ᮡFigure 7ŝzᮝ໑, ⨹ℕ݉ᇡᨱᕽᱥ݉❭ƕaၽᔾ⦹
ᩡ݅. bb᮹⨹ℕᨱݡ⦽ᝅ⨹đŝ۵Figure 6ŝTable 5᪡
z݅. ⪶ᝅ⦽Łྕ᮹ᄡ⩶Ğ⪵⩥ᔢᮡӹ┡ӹḡᦫᦹḡอᱥ݉ᄡ
᭥ ᧞ 100mm ᇡɝᮥ ḡӹ໕ᕽ ӹ┡ӹʑ ᯲⦹ᩡŁ, 150mm ᯕᔢᮥḡӹ໕ᕽ❭ƕaၽᔾ⦹ʑ᯲⦹ᩡ݅. ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥᮹
ɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕᝅ⨹đŝי⪵ᱥᅕ݅י⪵⬥ᱥ݉❭ƕᄡ᭥aq ᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ᧞6.8%aపᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශᯕqᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ə
్ӹᝅ⨹đŝ᪡ʑ᳕ᩑǍđŝෝእƱ⦽ĞᬑእƱᱢᱥ݉ᄡ⩶
ශᯕԏᮡ⠙ᯕ݅. Jung et al.(2002)᮹ᩑǍᨱ᮹⦹໕ᩑŁྕၼ⋉
᮹ɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕ۵ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශ467%ᨱᕽ❭ƕࡹᨩᮝ໑, ᅙᝅ⨹
đŝᨱ እ⧕ ᧞ 3႑aప ⓑ ᄡ⩶ශᨱᕽ ❭ƕࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ᪡ zᮡ
ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශ᮹₉ᯕ۵⩶ᔢĥᙹ᮹ᩢ⨆ᨱ᮹⦽äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.
(a) before thermal aged (b) after thermal aged Fig. 6. Hysteresis curve of ultimated failure test
Table 5. Result of ultimated failure test
Items Shear strain (mm) Shear strain ratio (%)
Virgin
#1 157.96 170
#2 159.03 171
#3 155.51 167
Aged
#4 148.10 159
#5 143.85 155
#6 150.51 162
Fig. 7. Shape the ultimated failure of NRB
ᔢʑᩑǍ᪡ᅙᝅ⨹ᨱᕽᔍᬊࡽŁྕ᮹ʑᅙྜྷᖒᮡ࠺ᯝ⦹Ł
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹1₉⩶ᔢĥᙹ(
¬ Î
)۵28ᯕ໑, 2₉⩶ᔢĥᙹ(¬ Ï
)۵7ᯕ݅. ə్ӹᅙ ᝅ⨹ᨱᕽ᮹ ⨹ℕ۵ 2₉⩶ᔢĥᙹa 2.98ಽ
ᔢݡᱢᮝಽԏ݅. Yasaka et al.(1991)ŝOh(2011)᮹ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵
⩶ᔢĥᙹෝᄡᙹಽ⦹ᩍᱢ⊖Łྕ᮹⦽ĥ✚ᖒᝅ⨹đŝ2₉⩶ᔢĥ ᙹa᯲ᮥᙹಾݡᄡ⩶ᱥ݉ಆŝᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශᯕ⩥ᱡ⯩ԏᦥḡŁ,
✚⯩2₉⩶ᔢĥᙹa4 ᯕ⦹ᯙĞᬑ┥ᖒᅖᬱಆᯕᱡ⦹ࡹ۵࠺ᨱ
ݡᄡ⩶᳭Ǖ❭ƕaၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ᮹ᝅ⨹đŝ᪡
ᮁᔍ⦽ đŝᯕ݅.
2.3.5 ਓէրंজ
aᗮᩕי⪵ᨱෙᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹✚ᖒᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⧕
ࠥ⇽⦽đŝᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕ᩕי⪵⬥ᦶ⇶vᖒᮡ
2.05% qᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ᱥ݉vᖒၰ॒aqᙁእ۵bb0.51%, 0.27%
qᗭ⦹۵ đŝa ࠥ⇽ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ۵ Park et al.(2012)ŝ KTRI (2011)᮹ᩑǍ᪡ᮁᔍ⦽đŝᯕ݅. ᔢʑࢱᩑǍ۵ᝅ⨹ݡᔢᮝಽ
ԊŁྕၼ⋉(lead rubber bearing, LRB)ᮥᔍᬊ⦽݅۵ᱱᨱᕽᅙ
ᩑǍ᪡₉ᯕaᯩᮝӹᩕי⪵᳑Õᯕ70ⳃ, 168hrᮝಽ࠺ᯝ⦹݅.
Park et al.(2012)᮹ᩑǍᨱ᮹⦹໕࠺ᯝ⦽ᩕי⪵᳑Õᨱᕽᦶ⇶v ᖒᮡ3.34% qᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ᱥ݉vᖒᮡ2.7%, ॒aqᙁእ۵1.9%
qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽KTRI(2011)᮹ᩑǍᨱ໕ᩕי⪵⬥ᱥ݉v ᖒᮡ 1.5% ᷾a⧩ᮝӹ, ॒aqᙁእ۵ 0.6% qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅.
ə్ӹNakamura et al.(1991)᮹ᩑǍᨱ᮹⦹໕ᩑŁྕၼ⋉
(NRB)ᮥ100ⳃ, 239days ࠺ᦩᩕי⪵⬥ᝅ⨹⦽đŝᦶ⇶vᖒᮡ
17%, ᱥ݉vᖒᮡ15% əญŁ॒aqᙁእ۵3.2% ᷾a⦹ᩍᅙ
ᩑǍŝᔢၹࡽđŝᩡ݅. ၹ໕ᨱHiroyuki et al.(1989)᮹ᩑǍᨱ
໕Nakamura et al.(1991)᮹ᩑǍ᪡࠺ᯝ⦹íᩑŁྕၼ⋉
(NRB)ᯕŁ, ᩕי⪵᪉ࠥa100ⳃಽ࠺ᯝ⦹໑ᩕי⪵ෝ318hr ᝅ⬥ᝅ⨹⦽đŝᦶ⇶vᖒŝᱥ݉vᖒᮡbb2.0%, 0.8%
qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. Nakamura et al.(1991)ŝHiroyuki et al.(1989)᮹
ᩑǍ᳑ÕᮥእƱ⧕ᅕ໕⨹ℕ۵ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᯕŁaᗮᩕי⪵
᪉ࠥ۵100ⳃಽ᳑Õᯕ࠺ᯝ⦹ḡอ, ᩕי⪵eᯕbb238days (5,712hr)ŝ318hrᮝಽⓑ₉ᯕaᯩ݅. ᷪ࠺ᯝ⦽aᗮᩕי⪵᳑Õ ᨱᕽࠥ ᩕ י⪵ʑeᨱ ⓑ ᄡ⪵a ᯩᮭᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
3. Ʊప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆⠪a
3.1 নߚॺ୨
3.1.1 ֗߆୪ḡḥ1Ǎᩎᨱ᭥⊹⦽2@2Ğeᩑᗮᜍ௹ቭƱಽᕽݡᔢƱపᱽ ᬱၰƱb݉໕✚ᖒᮡFigure 8 ၰTable 6, Table 7ŝz݅. ԕ
Fig. 8. Bridge dimensions
Table 6. Parameter of bridges
Length [email protected]=60.0m Year 1995
Rating 1 Design load DB-24
Superstructure Substructure
Bridge type RC SLAB Abutment type T-type
Bridge with 9.00m Pier type 쩏-type
Slab Ƅ
ƁƉ27MPa Footing type Steel Pile Girder Ƅ
Ɨ400MPa Concrete Ƅ
ƁƉ24MPa
Table 7. Properties of Pier
Items Properties
Column dimension, D Circle type, 1.1m Column section
ƅ, ¢
ƅ1.131m
2, 0.07187m
4Reinforced yield stress ( Ƅ
Ɨ) 300 MPa (SD30) Concrete strength ( Ƅ
ƁƉ) 24 MPa
Longitudinal reinforcement D22×25EA(=96.775cm
2), 쩐=1.02%
Hoop reinforcement D16(=1.986cm
2), s=125mm
Concrete cover 100mm
Fig. 9. Analysis model
Items Moment (kN·m) Curvature (1/m) Crack
Yield (Initial) Yield Yield (Ideal.)
Ultimate
1700.8 1579.8 1971.6 1903.5 2016.7
0.003116 0.002572 0.006091 0.003099 0.007597 Fig. 10. Curve of ¦à ŋ
Table 8. Pier of the axial force due to the weight
Items Pier top (kN) Pier lower (kN) Remarks
P1 2147.7 2286.3 Fixed
P2 1445.7 1598.4 Move
P3 2147.7 2286.3 Fixed
ḥ⧕ᕾ᳑Õᮡԕḥ1॒ɪᮝಽaᗮࠥĥᙹ۵0.154ᯕŁḡၹĥᙹ ۵ 1.2ᯕ݅.
3.1.2 ֗߆ැজࡦ܄ࢫ֗Ԩౠߚॺ୨
⧕ᕾݡᔢ Ʊప᮹ ᔢᇡǍ᳑۵ ❱ᗭಽ Ʊbᮡ ⥥౩ᯥᗭಽ
༉ߙย ⦹ᩡ݅. ḡၹ᮹ ᩢ⨆ᮡ ᯦ಆḡḥ ⦹ᵲᨱ ၹᩢ⦹Ł Ʊb
⦹ᇡ۵ Łᱶ݉ᮝಽ ༉ߙย ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅᱽÑ࠺ŝ ᯝ⊹ࡹࠥಾ NL Linkෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍၼ⋉ᮥ༉ߙย⦹ᩡ݅. Ǎ᳑ྜྷᯱᵲᮡ⥥ಽəఉᨱ ᕽ ᯱ࠺ĥᔑࡹࠥಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⡍ᰆ॒ʑ┡ᯱᵲᮥ༉ࢱŁಅ⦹ᩡ݅.
Ǎ᳑⧕ᕾ༉ߙᮡFigure 9᪡zŁᯱᵲ⧕ᕾᨱ᮹⦽Ʊb᮹⇶ಆᮡ
Table 8ŝ z݅.
Fig. 11. Design response spectrum
Table 9. Seismic forces of Pier and period vibration
Items Axial Vertical axial
Upper axial force © (kN) 2146.8 Lower axials force ©
(kN) 2263.2 Upper displacement Ģ
(mm) 96.27 10.07 Upper shear force ¯
(kN) 800.2 553.3 lower shear force ¯
(kN) 808.2 571.1
Effective height ¡
ƃ(m) 6.10 6.80 Period vibration (sec) 1.2769 0.3864
Table 10. Stiffness and ductility of Pier
Items Axial Vertical axial Unit
Ɨá ¦
Ɨî¡
ƃ312.0 279.9 kN
Ƅá ¦
Ɠî¡
ƃ330.6 296.6 kN
Ģ
Ǝá Þ ć ¦ ¦
ƗƓà Î ß Ģ
Ɨâľ
ƎÞ¡
ƃà ¥
ƎîÏ
ß0.0188 0.0229 m
Ģ
Ɠá Ģ
ƗâĢ
Ǝ0.0572 0.0706 m
łĢ
Ɓá Ģ
ƓîĢ
Ɨ1.488 1.478
¯
ƌá ¯
Ɓâ¯
Ƒâ¯
Ǝ1,877.7 1,871.7 kN
Table 11. Pier supply capacity
Items Axial Vertical axial Remark Bending strength
ƌ(kN) 330.6 272.0
Shear strength ¯
ƌ(kN) 1,877.7 1,871.7 Yield displacement Ģ
Ɨ(m) 0.0384 0.0478
Ultimate displacement Ģ
Ɓ(m) 0.0572 0.0706 łĢ
ƁZ Ģ
ƗDuctility łĢ
Ɓ1.488 1.478
ƌá
Ɨâ ć Ģ
Ɓà Ģ
Ɨ
Ƅà
ƗÞĢ
Ɓà Ģ
Ɨß
3.1.3 ֗Ԩۚැজ
Ʊb᮹ ݉໕vࠥ, ᙹ⠪ᄡ᭥ ၰ ᮁ⬉vᖒᮥ ᔑᱶ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ
ᔢʑᨱ⇶ಆ᮹⬉ŝෝŁಅ⦹ᩍ༉ູ✙-łශ(
¦àŋ
)⧕ᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Ʊb݉໕✚ᖒᮡTable 7ŝzŁ⎹Ⓧญ✙۵Kent&Park
༉ߙᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹Ł, ℁ɝᮡ Menegotto-Pinto ༉ߙᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.
¦àŋ
⧕ᕾđŝ۵Figure 10ŝzᮝ໑ᬱ⩶݉໕ᮝಽƱ⇶ႊ⨆ŝƱ⇶Ḣbႊ⨆ᮡ࠺ᯝ⦹݅. ᯕভ݉໕vࠥෝ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⦽༉ູ✙
۵ᯕᔢ⪵ࡽ
¦à ŋ
łᖁ᮹⧎ᅖၰɚ⦽łශᨱ⧕ݚ⦹۵sᮥᔍᬊ⦽݅.
¦à ŋ
⧕ᕾᨱ᮹⧕Ǎ⦽⧎ᅖ༉ູ✙¦
Ɨ᪡⧎ᅖłශŋ
Ɨᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᮁ⬉vᖒ
Þ
Ɓ_¢
ƃƄƄß á
Þ¦
Ɨîŋ
Ɨßᮥᔑᱶ⦹Ł, ᯕෝ☖⧕ ᇶƕႊḡᙹᵡᨱ ݡ⦽ ┥ᖒḡḥಆ ᔑᱶ ᱢᬊࡹ۵ ᮁ⬉݉
໕2₉༉ູ✙
¢
ƃƄƄá Þ¦
Ɨîŋ
Ɨßî
Þ
Ɓ_¢
ƅß=0.022761m4
ᯕ݅. ᩍʑᕽ,
Ɓá ÕìÒ×× ö
Ðć Ƅ
ƁƉâÕ
(MPa)ᯕ݅.3.1.4 ැজଭনߚॺ୨
Ʊb᮹݉໕⧕ᕾᨱᕽᔑᱶࡽᮁ⬉vᖒᮥǍ᳑⧕ᕾ༉ߙᨱᱢ ᬊ⦹ŁݡᔢƱప᮹ԕḥ⧕ᕾ᳑Õᨱ᮹⦽Figure 11᮹ᖅĥ᮲ݖᜅ
⟺✙ౝᮥ⦹ᵲᮝಽḡḥ⧕ᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Łᮁ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕
ḥ࠺༉ऽ᮹٥ᱢḩపₙᩍᮉᯕ90%ᯕᔢᯕࡹࠥಾ༉ऽᙹෝᖁᱶ
⦹ᩡŁ, ᵝ༉ऽ⩶ᔢᮡFigure 13ŝz݅. ḡḥ⦹ᵲႊ⨆ᄥ30%
Ƚᱶᮥᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ┥ᖒḡḥಆᮥᔑᱶ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Łᱶ݉Ʊb᮹᳑⧊
ḡḥಆ ၰ ḥ࠺ᵝʑ۵ Table 9᪡ z݅.
3.2 ֗Ԩଭٛনۇඌԧ
3.2.1 ۚԳܑࢫվׂনܑॺ୨݉໕vࠥ۵ ᙹ⠪⦹ᵲᨱݡ⦽ᇡᰍ᮹↽ݡᱡ⧎܆ಆᮥั⦹໑, ᯕভ⦹ᵲ᯲ᬊᱱ᮹׳ᯕ۵Ʊ⇶ႊ⨆ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵Ʊb᮹ᔢ݉ᮝಽ, Ʊ⇶Ḣbႊ⨆ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᔢᇡǍ᳑ḩప᮹ᵲᝍ׳ᯕಽ⦽݅. ݉໕ vࠥၰŖɪᩑᖒࠥĥᔑŝᱶᮡTable 10ŝz݅. ᯕᨱŁᱶ݉
ƱbP1᮹ŖɪᩎపᮡTable 12᪡zᮝ໑, ⮉❭ƕᨱᯕෝভʭḡ
ᱥ݉❭ƕaၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫᮝအಽ⧕ݚƱbᮡ⮉❭ƕ༉ऽᨱ᮹⧕
ḡ႑ࢉᮥᙹᯩ݅. ┥ᖒḡḥ༉ູ✙۵P-쨣 ⬉ŝෝŁಅ⦹Ł☖ᱽ ᵝʑʑᵡᨱ᮹⦽ᔢšĥᙹ
Ł «
ᨱ᮹⦹ᩍᔑᱶࡽᗭᄡ᭥ᩑᖒࠥ۵Table 13ŝz݅. Ʊ⇶ႊ⨆᮹Ğᬑᄡ᭥ᩑᖒࠥaᗭ=2.498
> Ŗɪ=1.488ᮝಽԕḥᖒ܆ᯕᇡ᳒⦹໑Ʊ⇶Ḣbႊ⨆᮹Ğᬑᗭ
=0.686 < Ŗɪ=1.478ᯕအಽ┥ᖒᩢᩎᔢᨱᕽÑ࠺⧉ᮥᙹᯩ݅.
ᯕᨱƱ⇶ႊ⨆ԕḥᖒ܆⨆ᔢᨱᵝ༊⦹ᩍእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
Table 12. Capacity of Pier
Items Axial Vertical Remark
¦
ƌá
ƌZ¡
ƃ2,016.7 1,849.3 Nominal moment
«
Ƒá ¦
ìƎƂî¦
ƌ2.498 0.780 Strength ratio
Ł
«1.0 0.880
Table 13. Properties before and after thermal aging
Items Virgin Aged
Shear stiffness ¤
Ɣ(kN/m) 195,233.9 190,983.3 Effective stiffness ¤
ƃƄƄ(kN/m) 194.13 186.7
Fig. 12. Artificial seismic wave used in analysis
(a) Non-isolated
(1.277) (b) before aged
(2.822) (c) after aged (2.772) Fig. 13. Primary Mode shape and natural period
4. ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ԕḥᖒ܆
4.1 ֜ැজࡦ܄ࠫ
እᖁ⩶ eᯕಆ⧕ᕾᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ࠥಽƱᖅĥʑᵡ᮹ ⢽ ᵡᖅĥ᮲ݖᜅ⟺✙ౝᨱ᮹⦽ԕḥᖅĥ᳑ÕᮝಽᯙŖḡḥ❭ᔾᖒ⥥
ಽəఉSIMQKEෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ4}᮹ᯙŖḡḥᮥ᯲ᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. ᔍᬊ
ࡽḡḥ❭eᯕಆၰḡḥᜅ⟺✙ౝᮡFigure 12᪡z݅. ⧕ᕾ༉ߙ
ᮡFigure 9᪡࠺ᯝ⦹ӹ༉ुၼ⋉ⅾ24}ෝᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᮝಽ
Ʊℕ⦹ᩡ݅. NL Link۵ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹✚ᖒᮥ⧕ᕾ⧁ᙹᯩ۵
Isolator1 ᗭෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ༉⩶⪵⦹ᩡ݅. Isolator1ᨱᔍᬊࡽၼ⋉
᮹ᱽᬱᮡTable 1ŝzŁ, ᔢʑᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⦽ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥᮹
ᵝ ✚ᖒsᮡ Table 13ŝ z݅.
4.2 ැজէր
4.2.1 ࡦ݁෴ঃࢫճକச׆
ݡᔢ Ʊపᨱ ݡ⦽ ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ ᩕ י⪵ ᱥ⬥᮹ Ʊ⇶ႊ
⨆ᵝ༉ऽ⩶ᔢᮡFigure 13ŝz݅. ⧕ᕾđŝእ໕ḥƱప᮹
Łᮁᵝʑ(T) 1.277secᅕ݅༉ࢱʙíӹ┡ӹḡḥĊญᰆ⊹aᱢᬊ
ࡽƱప᮹✚ᖒᮥᅕᯕŁᯩᨩ݅. ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥
᮹Łᮁᵝʑ۵bb2.822sec᪡2.772secಽᩕי⪵⬥1.79%
qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ Łྕ᮹ י⪵ᨱ ෙ ✚ᖒᔢ eᯕ ḡԁᙹಾ
ŁྕaĞ⪵ࡹᨕ┥ᖒᮡqᗭ⦹Ł, Ğࠥ۵᷾a⦹ʑভྙᯙäᮝಽ
❱݉ࡽ݅.
4.2.2 ֗Ԩଭଦۢ
Ʊb⦹݉᮹ᱥ݉ಆᯕƱb᮹ʑࣆŝ⪶ݡʑⅩaᱲ⦹۵ᇡ ᇥ᮹ᱥ݉ಆᮥ᮹ၙ⦹໑ၼ⋉ᮥ☖⧕ᱥݍࡹ۵ᔢᇡǍ᳑ྜྷᯱᵲ
ᨱ᮹⦽šᖒಆŝʑࣆᯱℕ᮹šᖒಆᯕ᳑⧊ࡹᨕӹ┡ӽ݅. ੱ⦽
Ʊb⦹݉᮹༉ູ✙ၼ⋉ᮥ☖⧕ᱥݍࡹ۵ ᔢᇡǍ᳑ྜྷᯱᵲᨱ
᮹⦽šᖒಆŝʑࣆᯱℕ᮹šᖒಆᨱݡ⦽ʑࣆʙᯕ᮹Œᯕ᳑⧊ࡹ
ᨕӹ┡ӽ݅. ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ᨱݡ⦽⧕ᕾđŝ۵Table 14᪡zᮝ໑,
Fig. 14. Response ratio of P1
Table 14. Response of before and after thermal aging
Items Thermal aged changed ratio
before after (%) Moment
(Pier, kN·m)
P1 1,186.0 1,166.2 -1.70
P2 2,267.8 2,163.4 -4.83
Shear force (Pier, kN)
P1 200.52 195.36 -2.64
P2 328.83 319.9 -2.77
Displacement (Pier, mm)
P1 23.79 23.47 -1.36
P2 53.72 51.25 -4.81
Displacement (Bearing, mm)
P1 134.9 136.9 +1.59
P2 134.9 137.0 +1.59
Table 15. Seismic performance of before-after thermal aging
Items Period
(sec)
Shear force (kN)
Displacement (mm)
Supply capacity - 330.6 57.2
Non-isolated 1.277 808.2 96.27
Before aged 2.772 200.5 23.79
After aged 2.822 195.4 23.47
Changed ratio (%) -1.79 -2.64 -1.36
ᱥℕᱢᯙĞ⨆ᮡእ໕ḥƱపᨱᕽ۵P1ᨱḲᵲࡹ۵ၹ໕ᩑŁ
ྕၼ⋉ᮥᖅ⊹⦽Ğᬑᝁ⇶ᯕᮭᇡᯕŁၼ⋉}ᙹa2႑ᯙP2᮹
᮲ݖᯕⓍíӹ┡ԍ݅. ᩕי⪵⬥ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᮡᩕי⪵ᱥᨱ
እ⧕ᱥ݉ಆᮡ2.77% qᗭ, ༉ູ✙۵4.83% qᗭ, Ʊbᔢ݉ᄡ᭥۵
4.81% qᗭ⦹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅. ᄡ⪵᮹ ᱶࠥ۵ Ⓧḡ ᦫḡอ
ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ၼ⋉᮹᮲ݖᨱᕽᙹᯩॐᯕᄡ᭥᮲ݖ᮹᷾a۵
ၼ⋉ᯕᇡݕ⦹۵ᨱթḡ᮹ ᷾aෝ᮹ၙ⦹ŁđŝᱢᮝಽƱb᮹
ᱥ݉ಆ qᗭಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
4.2.3 ࢲಅଭଦۢ
ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᄡ᭥۵ ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕↽ݡ1.59% ᷾a
⦹ᩡ݅. ၼ⋉᮹ᱥ݉ಆᮡĞᱽᖒŝᩑ݉Ñญၰ⩶⦹Ł॒ŝၡᱲ⦽
šĥෝw۵݅. ၼ⋉᮹ᱥ݉ಆᮡᙹḢᬊప༜ḡᦫíၼ⋉᮹Ⓧʑᨱ
ᩢ⨆ᮥᵝ۵ᗭᯕ໑ᄡ᭥ᬊపŝšಉࡽᱥ݉ಆᯕ⍅ḩĞᬑ݉᭥
Ⓧʑ᷾aᨱෙᯱᰍእᔢශᮡɪĊ⯩⍅ḡ۵Ğ⨆ᯕᯩ݅(Oh et al., 2008). ə్ӹḡḥĊญ᮹Ğᬑᱥ݉ಆᨱݡ⦽ᦩᱥᮉᯕ
ᅕ☖2 ᯕᔢ⪶ᅕࡹအಽၼ⋉᮹י⪵ᨱෙᄡ᭥᷾a۵ྕ⧁
อ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
4.2.4 ැজէրंজ
ᩕ י⪵ࡽ ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ᮥ Ʊపᨱ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ ⧕ᕾ⦽ đŝ۵
Figure 14 ၰTable 14, Table 15᪡z݅. ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕ
י⪵ᨱෙŁᮁᵝʑ۵ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⦹ᩍᩕי⪵⬥1.79%
qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. Ʊb᮹ᱥ݉ಆᮡ2.77% qᗭ⧩Ł, ༉ູ✙۵4.83%
qᗭ, Ʊbᔢ݉ᄡ᭥۵4.81% qᗭ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ၼ⋉
᮹ᄡ᭥۵ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕1.59% ᷾a⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡zᮡđŝ۵
Kitahara(2008)᮹ᩑǍđŝ᪡ᮁᔍ⦽đŝᯕ݅. Kitahara᮹ᩑǍ ᨱᕽ۵ḡḥᯕᝅᱽၽᔾ⧩ḡᩎᨱᕽŁྕၼ⋉᮹י⪵abb
50֥, 100֥ᔢݚḥ⧪ࡽĞᬑ᮹vᖒᄡ⪵ෝŁಅ⦹ᩍRC Ʊప
ᮥݡᔢᮝಽԕḥ⧕ᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝ100֥ᔢݚ᮹י⪵a
ၽᔾ⦽Ğᬑ᮹Ʊbᨱᕽ᮹༉ູ✙᪡ᱥ݉ಆᮡbb0.8%, 1.2%
qᗭ⧩݅. ࢱᩑǍđŝෝᇥᕾ⦽đŝᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵۵
Ʊపᱥℕ᮹Ǎ᳑ĥᨱ۵ⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹ḡᦫᮡäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.
5. đು
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ෝaᗮᩕי⪵⦹ᩍᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥
᮹✚ᖒᮥᇥᕾ⦹Ł, ၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵aƱప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵
ᩢ⨆ᮥ እƱ⦹ᩍ ݅ᮭŝ zᮡ đುᮥ ᨩ݅.
(1) ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥ᦶ⇶✚ᖒᝅ⨹ၰᦶ⇶-ᱥ݉✚ᖒ ᝅ⨹đŝᩕי⪵⬥ᦶ⇶vᖒᮡ᧞2.05% qᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ᱥ݉v ᖒŝ॒aqᙁእ۵bb0.51%, 0.27% qᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽࠺ᯝ
᳑Õᨱᕽ50⫭ၹᅖᰍ⦹ᝅ⨹⦽đŝᱥ݉vᖒᮡ⠪Ɂ3.6%a పqᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ॒aqᙁእ۵10.9% qᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, ᩕי⪵ᱥ
⬥ɚ⦽ᱥ݉❭ƕᝅ⨹đŝᨱᕽࠥᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ශᯕי⪵⬥qᗭ⦹
ᩡ݅.
(2) ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵ᱥ⬥᮹ᝅ⨹ᨱ᮹⦽✚ᖒ⊹ෝᱢᬊ⦹
ᩍ RCƱప᮹ ԕḥᖒ܆⧕ᕾᮥ ᙹ⧪⦽ đŝ ḡḥĊญᰆ⊹ෝ
ᖅ⊹⦽Ʊప᮹✚ᖒᯕӹ┡ԍ݅. ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵
ᱥ⬥ᨱෙŁᮁᵝʑ۵ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕ᩕי⪵⬥1.79%
qᗭ⦹ᩡŁ, Ʊbᱥ݉ಆ, ༉ູ✙ၰƱbᔢ݉᮹ᄡ᭥۵bb
2.77%, 4.83%, 4.81% qᗭ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ၼ⋉᮹ᄡ᭥
۵ᩕי⪵ᱥᨱእ⧕1.59% ᷾a⦹ᩡ݅. ၼ⋉᮹ᬊపၰ႑
⊹॒ᨱƱప᮹ԕḥᖒ܆ᯕ݅ᗭᄡ⪵ࢁäᯕӹᅙݡᔢ
⨹ℕӹƱప᳑Õᨱᕽ۵ᩑŁྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵✚ᖒᄡ⪵ᨱ
ෙ Ʊప᮹ ԕḥᖒ܆᮹ ᄡ⪵۵ Ⓧḡ ᦫᮭᮥ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.
ၼ⋉ᖅĥᦩᱥᮉᮥŁಅ⦹໕ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵۵Ʊప
ᱥℕ᮹ Ǎ᳑ĥ᮹ ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹ḡ ᦫᮥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
(3) ᩑŁྕၼ⋉ŝ zᮡ ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᩕ י⪵ᨱ ݡ⦽
ᩑǍ۵ᯝၹᱢᮝಽaᗮᩕ᪉ࠥ᳑ÕᨱⅩᱱᯕ฿∑Კᯩ݅.
ə్ӹᅙᩑǍ᪡ᖁ⧪ᩑǍෝእƱᇥᕾ⦽đŝי⪵᪉ࠥa
࠺ᯝ⦽ Ğᬑ י⪵᳑Õᨱᕽ ᰆe י⇽ࢁᙹಾ Łྕ᮹ Ğ⪵
ᗮࠥaዉᲙŁྕ᮹vᖒᯕ᷾a⦹íࡹᨕᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹
ᩕ י⪵ ✚ᖒᯕ ӹ┡ԁ äᮝಽ ᩩ⊂ࡽ݅.
(4) ᱢ⊖Łྕၼ⋉᮹ᩕי⪵ᨱ᮹⦽✚ᖒᩢ⨆ŝᩕי⪵aƱప᮹
ԕḥᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥᅕ݅⪶⦹íࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵
aᗮᩕ᪉ࠥၰי⪵eᮥᅕ݅a⪚⦽᳑Õᨱᕽᝅ⨹⧁
⦥aᯩ݅. ੱ⦽, ᰆeݡʑ᪉ࠥᔢ┽ᨱᕽၹᅖᱢᯙ᪉ࠥᄡ
⪵ᨱ ෙ ᩢ⨆ࠥ Łಅ⧕ ⧁ ⦥a ᯩ݅.
qᔍ᮹ɡ
ᅙᩑǍ۵2011֥ࠥᕽᬙพݡ⦺ƱƱԕ⦺ᚁᩑǍእḡᬱᨱ᮹
⧕ ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩܩ݅.
