A Hybrid Active Power Filter for Electric-Railway Systems using Multi-Level Inverters
* ** ** **
Kim, Yoon-Ho Kim, Soo-Hong Rho, Sung-Chan Lee, Kang-Hee
--- ABSTRACT
This paper proposes transformerless power conversion system consisting of a single-phase diode rectifier and a shunt hybrid filter for the electric-railway system. The hybrid filter consists of a single tuned LC filter per a phase and a low-rated NPC type multi-level inverter. Compared with conventional active filters. Transformers are not used. Also, LC filter works as not only a harmonic filter tuned at the 5th harmonic frequency but also a switching-ripple filter. The rating of the active filter can be decreased by using a NPC type multi-level inverter.
The simulation results confirm the validity of the system
---
1.
. 2, 3 SCR
,
. , LC
. ,
[1]. feeder section
, inductive feeder (reactive)
. , feeder
. .
, . 4
PWM ,
[2].
. ,
[3]. ,
. .
.
* ,
** ,
, . -
, . , NPC
, , 3
[4].
. 1
V
sV
cV
s= V
c+ jI
cX
s. I
c, X
cL
s.
(b)
(a) (c)
1.
(a)
(b) (Leading current) (c) (Lagging current)
DC (MI : Modulation Index)
V
c.
. ,
. , PWM (type 1)
(type 2) .
2. NPC
2.1
(a) (b) (type 1)
2.
2 (a) (b)
. (a) - , (b)
- [5].
- ,
.
- .
3 . SPWM
[6].
3. NPC (type 2)
2.2 NPC
4 NPC . DC
V
dc/2 , PWM V
dc/2
. ( S
a1, S
a3)( S
a2, S
a4),
.
, .
4. NPC
, ,
5 . 3
.
(Damping Filter) .
(a) (b) 5.
2.3 PWM
PWM DC
SVPWM( PWM) PWM . SVPWM
.
PWM . PWM m m-1
, . ,
- - .
m
a, m
f[5].
m C f
C m a
f m f
A m m A
=
⋅
= − ) 1 (
(1)
, f
CA
C, f
mA
m.
Carrier 1 Carrier 2 Reference Signal
0
0
0 Signal 1
Signal 2
6.
6 3 . (signal 1,2)
(reference signal) (carrier 1,2) .
PWM 10kHz .
3.
7 .
(feedback control) - (feed-forward control) .
dc , LC 3
. 5 .
(a) (b)
7.
LC .
.
. 6(b) V
chI
Lh,
Z
FLC .
I
sh.
Lh F s
F
sh
I
Z sL I Z
= +
(2)
, I
sh, Z
F, I
Lh, , . ,
s h
L
ω ZF .
I
sh, V
TH, V
Fh.
Lh F s Fh F
Lh F s
F TH s
Lh F s sh F
Z I sL K V KZ
Z I sL K
Z V sL
Z I sL K I Z
+
= +
+
− +
=
+
= +
(3)
, K >> Z
F, LC . K
.
sh Lh F ch
sh TH sh
V I Z V
V V
I
+
=
=
= 0
(4)
PWM -
. - PWM
. - ,
1/2 .
, .
, . -
.
4.
1 NPC .
25kV 1/10 2.4kV .
3 180Hz , 10kHz .
1.
PWM DC 480V . .
,
10 . , .
8 1 PWM (type 1) NPC (type
2) .
(a) PWM (type 1)
Supply Voltage 2400 V
Line Frequency 60 Hz
Power System Inductance Ls 0.3 mH
Filter Capacitor 195.4 uF
Filter Inductor 4 mH
DC Bus Voltage of the active filter 480 V
(b) (type 2) 8.
Vin (2.4kV), I_load(400A) , I_invaf(200A)
, Iin(200A) .
(a) PWM (type 1) (b) (type 2)
9. FFT
9 PWM FFT
.
(a) PWM (type 1) (b) (type 2)
10.
10 . (a) PWM
(b) .
, 1/2 ,
.
5.
. LC - NPC
, LC 3 ,
.
, PWM
- .
1. Rivas, D.; Moran, L.; Dixon, J.W.; Espinoza, J.R. "Improving passive filter compensation performance with active techniques" Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on ,50 ,1 ,2003, Pages:161 170
2. Tan, P.C.; Loh, P.C.; Holmes, D.G.; “A robust multilevel hybrid compensation system for 25kV electrified railway
applications" Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03. IEEE 34th Annual Conference on , Volume: 3 , 15-19 June 2003, Pages:1020 - 1025 vol.3
3. Libano, F.B.; Simonetti, D.S.L.; Uceda, J.; "Frequency characteristics of hybrid filter systems" Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1996. PESC '96 Record., 27th Annual IEEE ,2 ,June 1996, Pages:1142 - 1148 vol
4. Jih-Sheng Lai; Fang Zheng Peng; "Multilevel converters-a new breed of power converters" Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on ,32 ,3 ,1996 Pages:509 517
5. Srianthumrong, S.; Akagi, H. "A medium-voltage transformerless AC/DC power conversion system consisting of a diode rectifier and a shunt hybrid filter" Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on,39,3,2003, Pages:874 8
6. Tolbert, L.M.; Habetler, T.G.; "Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM methods" Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on ,35 ,5 ,1999 Pages:1098 - 1107