Impact of Renewable Energy on Development of Alpine Villages in Nepal

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M2794.006900 D E S I G N F O R M A N U F A C T U R I N G

Week 7, October 17

Impact of Renewable Energy on

Development of Alpine Villages in Nepal

Fall 2017

Professor Sung-Hoon Ahn

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University

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© Sung-Hoon Ahn

Issues of the world

2,000,000,000 people live without electricity

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Population-Energy-Environment issues

Bottom Of Pyramid

(BOP)

About 50% of world population live using less than 2 US$/day

These are very urgent and important problems for you to solve!

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Why did we go to Nepal?

Talking with Nepali student Binayak Bhandari

Start from the discussion at Christian Fellowship at Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2010

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Understanding about Nepal

 8 of the 10 highest mountains including Everest Mountains are in Nepal

 Average income per person : 1,200 US$ /year

 Population : 30 million (80% of population live in rural areas, scattered small villages in highlands)

 Electricity is not provided to large areas due to weak geographic accessibility

 Lack of infrastructures such as road, hospital, education .

Study at home in highland of Nepal

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Vision of project

 Electrify highland villages in Nepal using hydro-solar-wind power

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Select Target Village

 Condition



First, select 4 highland villages which are difficult to access



Small village which has around 10~20 number of houses and to which it would be hard to provide electricity within the next 10 years.

 Final selection of 1

^st

target area



Lama hotel

• Located at 2,500m altitude in the Langtang National Park

• Electricity is not provided and it would not be provided within the

next 10 years

.

• 10 hour from Kathmandu by car and 12 hour by foot.

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SNU Nepal-Solar Volunteer Corps

Director & Prof. Sung-Hoon Ahn

Gil-Yong Lee

Ph.D. Candidate Binayak Bhandari

Ph.D. Candidate Kyung-Tae Lee Ph.D. Candidate

Won-Jong Eun

Undergraduate Sung-In Kim Undergraduate

Sun-Kyung Yu

Undergraduate Yoon-Ho Kim

Undergraduate

Sung-Hyuk Song M.S. Candidate Jong-Seol Moon

M.S. Candidate Hae-Sung Yoon

M.S. Candidate Dong-Hyun Kim M.S. Candidate

Hak-Chan Kim Undergraduate Hye-Seung Jeong

Undergraduate

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Move to Syapru Besi – August 12 ^th

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Route to Lama Hotel

Syapru Besi

Langtang River 4,300 m

2,700m

1,450m

Lama Hotel 2,478m

2011.8.13.

12 hours on foot 12.5 km

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Move to Lama Hotel – 8 AM ~ 8 PM

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Participants

 Seoul National University : 14 people

 Kathmandu University : 5 people

 Mechanical, electrical engineers : 2 people

 Villager : 20 people

 Porter : over 70 people (2 horses)

Deliver solar penal modules, batteries, frames and other materials

 Total over 110 people

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Indoor Electrical Construction

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Solar Panel-Controller-Battery Connection

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The First Electric Light in the Kitchen

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Power Generator Handing-over Ceremony at 9PM, Aug. 16 ^th , 2011

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2nd Visiting – Rimche and Lama Hotel

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Rimche

Lama Hotel

October 15~20, 2011

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Sustainability by electricity

 Key for sustainability

 Increase in income

 Sustainable business model

 Continuous support

Before electrification After electrification Single bed ( NRs. 300/night) Single bed (NRs. 400/night)

Phone (Sometimes) Phone (Regular)

Camera battery charge (not possible) Camera battery charge (100/battery)

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3 ^rd Volunteer Activity Spot : Thingan Village

Thingan Village

Kathmandu Lama Hotel

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Area of Construction

 Map of houses and electric power grid on 2 square kilometers area in Thingan

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Result of 3 ^rd Volunteer Activity

 Feb. 13, 2012 ~ Feb. 15, 2012 at Thingan

• Village located at 27°26’36.36’’ N, 85°14’42.43’’ E and 1,354 m altitude.

 Facility: 5 kW solar power generation

Electric power grid (69 electric poles and 57 houses outdoor wiring) 290 LED Lights, LED chicken farm,

Library(laptop, beam projector, around 700 books)

 Cost: around 120,000 US$

 Beneficiaries: 57 number of houses in rural areas, polices and others. Around

400 villagers.

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Thingan village

Batteries 5kW solar panel

Village representative

Construction of frames

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Kholkop Village

Bagmati River

4 ^th Volunteer Activity Spot - Kholkop village

Thingan Village

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Design Hydro Power Plant and Casting

 

_total

= 63%

 Electrical power output  21 kW

Hydro power = converting power from water (head and flow) to electricity P_net = h_grossQ g ₀

₀= _{civil work}_penstock _turbine _generator _line 0.5

Head (meters)

Valve Runner

Penstock pipe

Nozzle

PCD = 270mm

Pelton Turbine Design

Penstock Pipe

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Project launching at Kholkop

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Construction of hydro power house

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In the middle of construction

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3 kW Wind Power Generator

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20 kW hydro power plant

Forebay Tank

Penstock Pipe

Pelton Turbine

Transformer Transmission Lines

Miteri (Friendship) Power Plant @ Thingan

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Electrified Thingan and Kolkhop villages

6.1 km

2.5km

Hydro Power Plant (20 kW)

173 Houses, 1200 persons 1 Police Station

1 Health Post 2 Schools

Transformer Thingan Village Kolkhop Village

Cottage Industry Chicken farm Library

Church

11000 Volt AC 220 Volt AC

Solar-Wind Power Plant (7 kW+ 3kW)

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Use of electricity (Chicken Farming)

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Electronics

Color television @ villagers home

Various electronic gazettes

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Health post

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More work hours

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Employment of operators (2 families)

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Living Space – Heating, Insulation, Ventilation Problem

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Ondol Experiment - Hadong

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First Ondol at Nepal

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Ondol installed in 50 houses

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5 ^th Volunteer Activity - Wind turbine in china

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6 ^th Volunteer Activity –

Vaccine Delivery System in Nepal

• Period: 2015.01.26 – 2015.02.03

• Place: Gadhi, Makwanpur, Nepal

• Participants: 200 volunteers (Volunteers in Korea: 26; SNU, Hanyang Univ., IVI )

• Installation: 17 kW Hydropower generator, electric wiring in houses (65 households), LED lights, Ondol (1 holusehold), Ginger Powder Manufacturing System

• Other Activities: Medical treatment (Residents , vaccination, Science camp

• 수혜자: 농촌 주택 등 65 동, 주민 약 400 명

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6 ^th Volunteer Activity –

Vaccine Delivery System in Nepal

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6 ^th Volunteer Activity –

Ginger Powder Manufacturing System in Nepal

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7 ^th Volunteer Activity

 Period: 2015. 6. 15. ~ 2015. 7. 22.

 Place: Thanapati, Nuwakot Nepal

 Participants: 50 volunteers (SNU, Kathmandu Univ.)

 Installation: 1 kW hydropower generation system, 3kW Solar PV

 Beneficiaries: Elementary school and residents (200 people)

Kathmandu Nuwakot Thanapati

Solar energy generator Frame setting for Solar PV Install Hydropower generator

The village with lights Installed Solar power generator

Hydropower generator

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8 ^th Volunteer Activity

 Period: 2015. 8. 6 ~ 8. 11

 Place: Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.

 Participants: 60 (SNU, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Global Solar volunteers)

 Installation: BioSand Filter, Water-cleaning facility (12Ton) , 3 kW Solar PV

 Other Activities: Teaching aids for elementary school, education about water resources Vietnam47

Hanoi

Bình Định Ho Chi Minh City

Bình Định

Quy Nhơn

Installed solar power generator Solar PV controller

Volunteers and School students Cleaning sands for BioSand Filter

Installed BioSand Filter

Water-cleaning facility Rainwater storage system

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9 ^th Volunteer Activity

 Period: 2015. 8. 6. ~ 2015. 8. 11.

 Place: Dok Kham village, Xieng Khouang, Laos

 Participants: 20 (SNU, Global solar volunteers)

 Installation: Construct Village assembly hall 60 m

²

, 2.5 kW PV

 Beneficiaries: 150 people in Dok Kham village

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Laos

Vientiane

Xiangkhouang Muang Kham

Welcoming reception

Discussion with Civil Engineer

Village assembly hall (Under construction)

Blue print; Village assembly hall Village assembly hall (Under construction)

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Sustainability & Synergy effect

Growth increase Ondol

Power production Solar, , Wind,

Small hydropower

Thermal energy (Heating)

Light energy (Lighting)

A water pump (Irrigation)

Mushroom dry

Mushroom cultivation

Chicken rising

Agriculture

Income

(city, surrounding village)Sale Wealth

increase (Economy)

Scholarship (Education) Equipment maintain

Conservation, improvement (Self sustainable cycle)

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Impact of projects

Si ze of pro je c t (Ex pendit ure in USD)

DFM class at SNU

Impact to society (Number of beneficiary)

D School at Stanford

Individual Design Team in Class

Research &

Education

Government &

NGO & Business

KickStart

10

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10

²

10

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¹⁰

10

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10

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⁴

Ashoka Foundation

B&M Gates Foundation

Annual estimation (2010~2011) Interest in

Appropriate Technology

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⁴

D-Lab at MIT

Charity: Water

OLPC at MIT

Nepal Solar Volunteer Corps of Korea

International Development Enterprise

G-saver

of Good Neighbors

Official

Development Assistance (ODA)

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Challenge

“There’s plenty of room at the bottom”

– Richard Feynman

There’re plenty of people you can help at the bottom

You have talent, money, and time to make this happen!

BOP

< $ 1,500

Purchase power parity in US

$

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 Vaccination rate and infant mortality

 Disease infection, mortality rate of children is higher than adult.

 Even though infant is not dead, high disability is shown.

Importance of Vaccine

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

France USA Korea Nepal India Mozambique

Vaccination Percentage (%)

Vaccination rate and child mortality (per 1000)

디피티1(DPT1) 디피티3(DPT3) B형간염(HepB3) 홍역 (MCV) 소아마비(OPV)

~20%

30 ~ 67

4 6 4

36

47

71%

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 Vaccine Storage



Recommended temperature : 2℃ ~ 8℃

 Expensive Vaccines prices



$7 - $26, Unit cost of Vaccine developed in 2000s

 Transportation accidents



Difficulties in management

 No vaccination records



Even the parents are unaware of vaccination schedule

Problem in cold chain of vaccination in developing countries

Vaccines delivery Volunteer

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Vaccine carrier - vehicle

 Vaccine carrier based on Peltier freezing effect

Peltier effect

Application of Peltier effect

Peltier cooling system Heat insulation layer

Damper

Lithium battery

Outer case Temperature controller

Prototype Field test in Nepal

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Evaluation of vaccine delivery

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2017 version vaccine carrier

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Motorcycle powered vaccine carrier

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Public Hospital

• Vaccine Cooler

• Electrical Medical Device

Water Purifying iTEC

(NM-AIST)

• Start-Up

• Education

• R&D

Village

• Lighting + Electric Power

School

• Lighting

• Computer/Electric Device

Village Corporation Center

• Post Process for Agriculture Products

• Micro Business Renewable Energy System

Agriculture

Irrigation

Electric Power Packaging for

Agriculture Products

Electric Power

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iTEC: Research topic

Research Topics

Renewable Energy

Agriculture/

Packaging

Welfare/

Water Education Business

 Renewable Energy Generator (40kW)

 Remote Monitoring/

Retain System

 Agriculture Product Dry/ Cold Packaging System

 Product Distribution

 Vaccine Carrier System

(WHO Cert.)

 Irrigation/

Water Purifying

 Appropriate Technology

 Workshop for Prototype and Start-up Item

 Incubation of Town Based Start-Up

 Localizing

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Impact of Renewable Energy on Development of Alpine Villages in Nepal

Week 7, October 17