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SUM M A RY
Strategies for the Efficient Utilization of Tourism Resources in North Korea : Cooperative measures for pilot tourism projects in North Korea
Young-Bong Kim, Moon-Won Lee, and Jin-Cheol Jo
This research is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter is an introduction of the research that constitutes background, necessity, purpose, methodology, and literature review of the research. The aim of the research is to find the strategies of the efficient utilization of tourism resources in North Korea. Though previous works of tourism in North Korea had researched general tourism in North Korea, they are not well describing the territorial relationship between china and North Korea, and between Russia and North Korea. Therefore, this study focuses more on North Korean tourism's North-East Asian territorial relationship. In detail, the study use SWOT and descriptive analysis in order to figure out the potential of North Korean tourism in North-East Asia. It also examined potential demand of tourists through the demand analysis for almost all tourist points in all around North Korea. Through these
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analyses, openness of tourism resources and development strategy will be discussed in later chapters.
The chapter 2 first deals with the concept of tourism in North Korea, recent cognition change of tourism, the difference of cognition about tourism between North and South Korea. Next, the chapter introduces effect to North-South cooperation through the usage of North Korean tourism resources. Also, the chapter describes how the utilization of tourism resources in North Korea would impact to North-East Asia.
The chapter 3 examined the evolution of tourism and tourism policy, associated institutions, characteristics of main tourism resources, and tourism infrastructure in North Korea. In this chapter, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate potential of tourism industry and development possibility of it. This SWOT analysis is also used for inducing propulsion plan of North Korean tourism. Furthermore, after examining problems of North Korean tourism and accomplishments and later tasks of North-South tourism cooperation, the study suggests propulsion plan of tourism industry in accordance with the phase of openness in North Korea.
The chapter 4 is related to foreign case studies. First, the chapter introduces tourism industries in former socialist countries in order to understand general pattern and contribution of tourism for their countries' successful transition. After that, the foreign case studies found more suitable cases for North Korea. The socialist developing countries such as Cuba, Vietnam, and China are selected for the best to obtain more adjustable discipline from the cases. These countries have socialist political system and developing countries' economy system. As a result of the case studies, the chapter provides several disciplines such as audacious openness of large capital or populated cities, tourism cooperation with adjacent countries, tourism utilization as a means of overcoming state crisis, and so on.
The chapter 5 includes development potential of tourism resources in North Korea and demand analysis. In the case of development potential of tourism resources, the
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study deals with the development possibility of North Korean tourism resources, and North-South and North-East Asia geographical relationship for the North Korean tourism resources. For the demand analysis, it focused on demand of tourists in the main tourist points such as Mt. Keumkang, Gaesung, Mt. Baekdu, Pyongyang, Sinuiju, Manpo and Ganggae, and Najin-Seonbong. The methodology used for the demand analysis is estimation method of analogical region and gravity model. The time to be estimated is assumed to be a time that North Korea open the tourism areas.
The chapter 6 examined development strategies of tourism resources, selection of pilot tourism region after evaluating each region's accessibility, demand, and other factors to affect the tourism, and pilot projects' economic impacts to North Korea. The development strategies of tourism resources is divided into three phases. Based on the three phases, the study suggests that the tourism resources should be gradually developed. Foremost, the tourism development can be accomplished in the first step by developing several pilot tourism area. In order to do it, the study evaluated all the aspects of tourism zones so that preferable areas can be chosen objectively. Mt.
KeumKang, Mt. Baekdu, Pyongyang, Gaesung were selected as desirable pilot region.
After that, the study tried to estimate the impact of opening these four pilot tourism regions.
The chapter 7 is the conclusion that describes contribution of the research, policy implications, and limitation and later research of the research. In particular, the chapter focuses on policy implications that the central government can support to the cooperation not only between North and South Korea but also between North Korea and North-East Asia. Also, the study emphasizes institutional improvement of tourism system and international cooperation for the utilization of tourism resources in North Korea.
￭Key words : tourism resources, infrastructure, tourism policy, the phase of openness
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