An Experimental Study on Calibration Method of Heat Flux Sensor by using Helium Gas

䡂⮾㦚 㧊㣿䞲 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫⹿⻫㦮 㔺䠮㩗 㡆ῂ

檗篎熦

^† x

^* x

^**

An Experimental Study on Calibration Method of Heat Flux Sensor by using Helium Gas

Hooncheul Yang, Chul Hwa Song and Moo Hwan Kim

Key Words :

Abstract

The objective of this study is to propose an experimental calibration facility in which a heat flux sensor can be cali- brated under conductive condition by using helium gas. The heat flux calibration facility was designed, simulated and manufactured for use in a high heat transfer condition. It delivers heat fluxes up to a maximum of 35 ༦ m

. A copper block heated electrically with 3.5 ༦ power is designed to produce uniform temperature up to 600 K across its face.

High heat fluxes are provided between hot plate and cold plate by 1 mm height helium filled gap. A cold plate is main- tained around 300 K through pool boiling using a refrigerant and water-cooled heat exchanger. A simulation was con- ducted to verify the design of the main test section. To verify the performance of calibration facility, a heat flux sensor was examined. The measured heat fluxes were compared to the calculated one.

匶笾昪律

C : ゚㡊 [ J/kg.K ] d : 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 ⚦℮ [m]

k : 㡊㩚☚☚ [W/m K]

q" : 㡊㥶㏣ [W/້]

S : ⹒Ṧ☚ [ໜ/W/້]

೼T : 㡾☚㹾 [K]

勾庲枪怾沖

ౙ : ⹖☚ [kg/຿]

1. 昢 嵦

㡊㩚╂ 䡚㌗㦮 ἓἚ㫆Ị 㭧㠦㍲ 㡾☚㫆Ịὒ 䞾

℮ 㭧㣪䞲 ⰺṲ⼖㑮 㭧㦮 䞮⋮Ṗ 㡊㥶㏣ 㫆Ị㧊┺.

㡊㥶㏣(heat flux)㦖 ┾㥚Ⳋ㩗 ╏ 㡊㩚╂㦮 㟧(┾

㥚:W/່)㦒⪲ 㡊㥶☯ 㫆Ị㠦㍲ ὖ㕂⿖㥚㦮 㡊㩚╂

䡚㌗ 䟊㍳㦚 㥚䟊㍲⓪ 㡾☚, 㡊㥶㏣ ❇㦚 㩫䢫䞮 Ợ 䁷㩫䞮⓪ 䁷㩫₆㑶㦮 㡆ῂṖ 䞚㑮㩗㧊┺. 㡾☚

䁷㩫㣿 ㎒㍲⪲ 㡊㩚╖⋮ 䁷㡾㩖䟃㼊Ṗ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ộ㻮⩒ 㡊㥶㏣㦚 䁷㩫䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲(heat flux sensor)Ṗ ㌂㣿♲┺. 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⓪ 㡊㩚╖㢖 㥶

㌂䞲 㤦Ⰲ⪲ 㡊㥶㏣㠦 ゚⪖䞮⓪ 㡊₆㩚⩻(thermo electromotive force) Ṩ㦚 㩚㞫㔶䢎⪲ ⹲㌳䞮⸖⪲

㧊 㩚㞫㔶䢎㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ 䚲㭖 㡊㥶㏣ Ṩ㧊 㞢⩺㰚 Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲ Ỗ㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 Ỗ㩫

⹿⻫㦖 ┺㟧䞮Ợ 㡆ῂ♮ἶ 㧞㦒⋮ 㡊㩚╂ 䡚㌗Ⱎ

┺ 䟊㍳㦮 ὖ㩦✺㧊 ┺⯊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 䚲㭖 ′ỿ㧊 㩫䟊㰖㰖 㞠㦖 ㌗䌲㧊┺. 㧊㠦 ➆⧒ ㌞⪲㤊 㡊㥶

㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫⹿⻫㦚 Ṳ⹲䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㭧㣪䞲 㡆ῂ⿚

㟒⪲ ╖⚦♲┺.

† 䣢㤦, 䞲ῃ㠦⍞㰖₆㑶㡆ῂ㤦 Ịⶒ㠦⍞㰖㡆ῂ㎒䎆 䙂䟃Ὃὒ╖䞯ᾦ ₆ἚὋ䞯ὒ ╖䞯㤦 E-mail : [email protected]

TEL : (042)860-3214 FAX : (042)860-3202

* 䣢㤦, 䞲ῃ㤦㧦⩻㡆ῂ㏢ 㡊㑮⩻ 㞞㩚㡆ῂ䕖

** 䣢㤦 , 䙂䟃Ὃὒ╖䞯ᾦ ₆ἚὋ䞯ὒ

㡊㩚╖⯒ٻ 㧊㣿䞲ٻ 㡊㥶㏣ٻ 䁷㩫⹿⻫ڇٻ ┺㟧䞲ٻ 㡊 㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 㤦Ⰲ, 㡊㥶㏣ 䁷㩫⹿⻫ ⹥ Ỗ㩫⹿⻫㠦

╖䞲 㡆ῂ⓪ Diller

㢖 Childs ❇

㠦 㦮䟊 ὧ⻪

㥚䞮Ợ 㩫Ⰲ♮㠞┺. ⡦䞲 Jones ❇

☚ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲

㢖 㡊㥶㏣ 䁷㩫⹿⻫㦚 㡆ῂ䞮㡖┺.ٻ

Grosshandler ❇

㦖ٻἶ㡾㦮 㩚☚ 㡊㥶㏣ Ỗ㩫

⹿⻫㦮 㡆ῂ⯒ 㥚䟊 ῂⰂ⪲ Ⱒ✶ 㰖⯚ 100 ໄ, ⏨ 㧊 38 ໄ㦮 㭒㔲䠮⿖㠦 7 Ṳ㦮 䧞䎆⯒ ╖䃃㦒⪲ 㑮 㰗⺆㡊䞮ἶ 2,000 W 㦮 㩚⩻㦚 㧊㣿䟊 㾲╖ 㡊㥶

㏣ Ṗ⓻ ⻪㥚Ṗ 100 ໨/m

㧎 㡊㥶㏣ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮⯒

㑮䂮䟊㍳㩗㦒⪲ 㡆ῂ䞮㡖┺.

Sumikama

⓪ ㎒㍲Ṗ ⿖㹿♮⓪ 䚲Ⳋ㠦㍲ Ὃ₆ 㭧㦒⪲ 㧦㡆╖⮮㠦 㦮䟊 㡊㧊 ⹲㌆♮⓪ ⹿㔳㦚 ㌂ 㣿䞮⓪ 㩚☚⹿㔳㦮 㡊㥶㏣ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮⯒ 㡆ῂ䞮㡖┺.

Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞲 15,000 Ṳ㦮 ῂⰂ-䆮㓺䌚䌚 㕣㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰚 ㍲⳾䕢㧒㦖 ἶ㡾⿖㦮 ㌗⿖䁷㦒⪲

Ⱒ 㡊㧊 Ὃ ♮☚⪳ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㡗㩦 㰖㔲Ἒ 㡃䞶 㦚 䞲┺. 㭒㔲䠮⿖⓪ 1,500 W 㦮 㩚₆㧛⩻㦚 㧎Ṗ 䞮㡂 㭒㥚㦮 Ὃ₆㢖 㧦㡆╖⮮㠦 㦮䞲 㡊㩚╂㧊 㧊

⬾㠊㰚┺. 㡊㥶㏣䁷㩫㦖 4 Ṳ㦮 㡾☚╖㡃㠦 ╖䟊 㔺㔲䞮Ⳇ 㾲╖䚲Ⳋ㡾☚⓪ 400 ଇ₢㰖 Ṗ⓻䞮┺.

Hwang ❇

㦖 㧊⪶䟊Ṗ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞⓪ 㑮㰗⼓Ⳋ 㠦㍲㦮 ‶㧒 㡊㥶㏣㠦 㦮䞲 㧦㡆╖⮮ 㡊㩚╂㦚 㧊 㣿䞮㡂 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ Ỗ㩫䞮㡖┺. 㭒Ṗ㡊䕦㦖 ἶ 㥶㩖䟃 5.15 W/m, 䙃 4.6 mm, ⚦℮ 0.16 mm 㦮 ┞ 䋂⫂㍶㦚 㤊⳾䕦 ㌂㧊㠦 ⺆㡊䞮ἶ ⹲㌳♮⓪ 㡊㧊

⳾⚦ 㩚Ⳋ㦚 䐋䟊 ⹿㡊♮☚⪳ 䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 㭒Ṗ㡊 䕦 ⛺㴓㠦 ṯ㦖 ′ỿ㦮 ⽊㫆Ṗ㡊䕦㦚 ㍺䂮䞮ἶ ⁎

㌂㧊㠦 5 mm ⚦℮㦮 ㍳Ⳋ䕦㠦 100 Ṳ㦮 㕣㦚 Ṭ

⓪ ⽊㫆㍲⳾䕢㧒㦚 ㍺䂮䞮㡂 㡊㏦㔺㦚 Ṧ㰖䞮☚⪳

䞮㡖┺. 㭒Ṗ㡊䕦㦮 㩚⩻㦖 㩚㞫㫆㩞₆㠦 㦮䞮㡂 㧒㩫䞮Ợ Ὃ ♮ἶ ⽊㫆Ṗ㡊䕦㦮 㩚⩻㦖 ⽊㫆 㡊 㥶㏣Ἒ㦮 㩚⩻㩚㥚Ṗ 0 㧊 ♮☚⪳ 㥚㌗㩲㠊⹿㔳㦒

⪲ 㧦☯㫆㩞 䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ 㡾☚㹾Ṗ 0.05 ଇ 㧊⌊⪲

㥶㰖♮㠞┺. ⽊㫆Ṗ㡊䕦 䤚Ⳋ㦖 Ṗ㡊⨟㦚 Ṧ㏢㔲 䋺₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ┾㡊䂋㦚 䡫㎇䞮㡖┺. 㧦㼊 㩲㧧䞲 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⪲ 㿲⩻㩚㥚⯒ 䁷㩫䞲 ἆὒ 㾲╖㡺㹾⓪ 1.81 %, 䚲㭖䘎㹾⓪ 0.66 %⯒ ⋮䌖⌎┺.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of micro heat flux sensorٻ

ٻٻ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ⓪ٻἶ㡾ڇٻἶ㡊㥶㏣ٻ㫆Ị㠦㍲ٻ㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲

⯒ٻ䣾ὒ㩗㦒⪲ٻỖ㩫䞶ٻ㑮ٻ㧞⓪ٻỖ㩫㧻䂮⯒ٻ㔺䠮㩗ٻ

⹿⻫㦒⪲ٻṲ⹲䞮⓪ٻộ㧊┺ډٻ㧊⯒ٻ㥚䟊ٻ䡂⮾ٻ₆㼊

⯒ٻ㧊㣿䞲ٻ㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ٻỖ㩫⹿⻫㦚ٻ❪㧦㧎䞮ἶڇٻ㡊 㥶㼊ٻ 䟊㍳ٻ 䝚⪲⁎⧾㧎ٻ FLUENT

⯒ٻ 㧊㣿䞮㡂ٻ ❪ 㧦㧎♲ٻ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ٻ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮ٻ 㭒㔲䠮⿖㠦ٻ ╖䟊ٻ

⌊⿖ٻ㡊㥶☯㦚ٻ䟊㍳䞮㡖┺ډٻ⡦䞲ٻ㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ٻỖ㩫 㧻䂮⯒ٻ㧦㼊ٻ㩲㧧䞮ἶڇٻ⹎ῃ ڱ ㌂㦮ٻἶٻ㡊㥶㏣㣿ٻ

㌗㣿ٻ㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡂ٻṲ⹲♲ٻỖ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲ٻ 㡊㥶㏣ٻỖ㩫㔺䠮㦚ٻ㑮䟟䞮ἶٻ⁎ٻἆὒ⯒ٻ㧛⩻♲ٻ㡊 㥶㏣ٻἆὒ㢖ٻ゚ᾦ䞮㡂ٻ⿚㍳䞮㡖┺ډٻ

2. 柪 竞

2.1 櫺氦暓時昢

Fig.1 㦖 ⹎ῃ V ㌂㦮 ἶ㡾䡫 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 㭒㣪 Ṳ⨋☚㧊┺. 㧊 ㎒㍲⓪ 㡊㩖䟃 ⶒ㰞⪲ 㧧㣿䞮⓪

⹫Ⱏ䂋㠦 㓺䗒䎆(sputtering) Ὃ㩫㦚 㧊㣿䟊 㩲㧧♲

2 Ṳ㦮 ⁞㏣㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰚 ㍲⳾䕢㧒㦚 䡫㎇䞮㡂 㡊㥶☯ 㔲 ⹫Ⱏ㦮 ㌗ബ䞮┾㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ 㡾☚㹾㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ₆㩚⩻㦚 ⹲㌳㔲䋾┺. ⹿㡊Ⳋ㠦 㡊㩚☚

㥾㧊 k 㧊ἶ ⚦℮ d Ṗ 㿿⿚䧞 㟝㦖 䕦㧊 䡫㎇♮

Ⳇ 㡊㥶☯㧊 㩫㌗㌗䌲㠦 ☚╂䞮ἶ ⋲ 䤚 㧊 㟝㦖 䕦㦚 䐋ὒ䞮㡂 䦦⯊⓪ 㡊㥶㏣, q"㦖 ┺㦢㦮 㔳㦒⪲

⋮䌖⋲┺.

d k ǻT

q ˜

cc (1)

2.2 櫺氦暓時昢 円洛沫獞汞 娚沖汾

㧒⹮㩗㧎 㡊㥶㏣ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 ῂ㫆⓪ 㡊㦚 ⹲㌆

䞮⓪ 㡊㤦, 㡊㦚 ⹱㞚✺㧊⓪ 䧞䔎㕇䋂, 㡊㦚 Ὃ  䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䧞䎆, 䧞䎆㦮 㡊㏦㔺㦚 ⽊㩫䞮₆ 㥚䞲

⽊㫆䧞䎆, 䧞䎆㠦 㩚㤦⯒ Ὃ 䞮⓪ 㰗⮮㩚⩻, 䧞䎆 㢖 ⽊㫆䧞䎆 ㌂㧊㠦 ㍺䂮♮⓪ ㍲⳾䕢㧒, 㡊㥶㏣㎒

㍲㦮 㔶䢎⯒ Ṧ㰖䟊 ⽊㫆䧞䎆㦮 㩚㤦㦚 㧎Ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㫆㩞₆, Ỗ㩫㧻䂮⯒ 㭒㥚㫆Ị㦒⪲⿖䎆 㹾┾

䞮⓪ 䟃㡾⿖⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺.

ٻڡۄۂډڍ ⓪ٻگکڪڈگګڟ 㠦㍲ٻ 㩲㞞♲ٻ㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ٻỖ㩫㧻䂮⯒ٻ⋮䌖⌊Ⳇٻ㌂㣿Ṗ⓻ٻ

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the calibration facility for

heat flux sensor, TNO-TPD

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of calibration facility 㫆Ị㦖ٻ㩖㡾, 㩖㡊㥶㏣㠦 ῃ䞲♲┺.

⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ 㩲㞞♲ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 䔏㰫㦖 㧒⹮㩗 㧎 㩖㡾, 㩖㡊㥶㏣ ㌗䌲㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㩚☚䡫 㡊 㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㢖 ╂Ⰲ ἶ㡾, ἶ㡊㥶㏣ ㌗䌲㦮 㡊㥶☯ 㫆Ị㠦㍲ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ Ỗ㩫䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㡊 㥶☯㧻 㭧㠦 䡂⮾(helium)㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 䡂

⮾㦖 㧒⹮ ₆㼊㠦 ゚䟊 㡊㩚☚☚, 0.2 W/m.K Ṗ ㌗

╖㩗㦒⪲ ⏨㦖 㞞㩫♲ ₆㼊㧊┺. 䡂⮾㧊 ἶ㡾㦮 㡊㤦⿖㢖 ╖㣿⨟㦮 䧞䔎㕇䋂㦮 ῂ㫆 ㌂㧊㠦 㫊㨂 䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ἶ㡾, ἶ㡊㥶㏣㦮 㫆Ị㦒⪲ 㡊㩚╂ 䡚

㌗㧊 ⹲㌳䞮Ⳇ 㧊 㤦Ⰲ⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 ἶ㡾, ἶ㡊㥶

㏣ 㡊㥶☯ 㫆Ị㠦㍲ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ Ỗ㩫䞮⓪ ⹿⻫

㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 Fig.3 ὒ ṯ㧊 Ỗ 㩫㧻䂮⯒ ❪㧦㧎䞮㡖┺. 㧊⓪ ῂⰂな⪳ ⌊㦮 㩚₆ 䧞䎆⪲⿖䎆 ⹲㌳䞮⓪ 㡊㧊 ῂⰂな⪳㦚 䐋䟊 䡂⮾

ὒ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ な⪳㦒⪲ 㩚╂♮ἶ 㧊⓪ ┺㔲 CFC- 11 ⌟ⰺ㢖㦮 ㌗⼖䢪 㡊㩚╂㦚 䐋䟊 䟃㡾㫆㠦㍲ Ὃ  ♮⓪ ⌟ṗ㑮㢖 㡊ᾦ䢮䞮㡂 㔲㓺䎲 ⹬㦒⪲ ⺆㿲

♮⓪ ῂ㫆㧊┺.

2.3 櫺氦暓時昢 円洛沫獞汞 空昣

㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮⯒ 㩲㧧䞮₆ 㞴㍲ FLUENT

⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 㑮䂮䟊㍳㦚 䐋 䟊 㔲㓺䎲 㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 㡾☚㢖 㡊㥶㏣㦚 䘟Ṗ䞮ἶ 㔲㓺䎲㦮 㞞㩫㎇㦚 䢫㧎䞮㡖┺.

㔲㓺䎲㦮 㭧㕂⿖⓪ 㤆䁷 ἓἚ㫆Ị㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮 ἶ 㭧㕂ὒ Ṗ㧻 Ṗ₢㤊 㤦䡫 䧞䎆㦮 㭧㕂⿖₢㰖

₎㧊⯒ L 㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 ➢ L/2 ₎㧊(䙃=22.5 mm)㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ⿖⿚㦚 ⳾◎Ⱇ 䞮㡖┺. Fig.4 ⓪ 㭒㔲䠮⿖

㦮 ỿ㧦ῂ㎇㦚 ⋮䌖⌊ἶ 㧞┺. FLUENT 㦮 䟊㍳㦖 2-㹾㤦, 㩫㌗㌗䌲, 䂋⮮㥶☯ 㫆Ị㦒⪲ 䟊㍳䞮㡖┺.

㭒㥚㡾☚⓪ ⹪┻Ⳋ㦮 ἓ㤆 㭒㥚㡾☚㧎 293K 㧊Ⳇ

㌗䁷Ⳋ㦮 㡾☚⓪ CFC-11 ⌟ⰺ㢖 ╕㞚 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ 㠦 㯳⹲ 㡾☚㧎 297 K 㧊┺. CFC-11 ⌟ⰺṖ 㥚䂮䞮

⓪ 㡊ᾦ䢮₆⿖㠦㍲ ⌟ⰺ㦮 㯳⹲㡾☚⓪ 24ଇ㧊⸖⪲

㞢⬾⹎ⓚ な⪳㦮 㡾☚⓪ 㧊 㧊㌗ 㯳Ṗ䞮㰖 㞠⓪ ộ㦒⪲ Ṗ㩫䞮㡂 䟊㍳䞲┺. 㭒㣪 ⶒ㰞㦮 ⶒ㎇㦖 Table 1 ὒ ṯ┺.

Fig.5 ⓪ 㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 㩚㼊㡾☚⿚䙂㠦 ╖䞲 㑮䂮 䟊㍳ ἆὒ㧊┺. ῂⰂな⪳㌗㦮 㡾☚⓪ 䡂⮾㧊 㫊㨂 䞮⓪ ⿖⿚㠦㍲ 㡾☚Ṗ  ỿ䞮Ợ ⟾㠊㰖⓪ ộ㦚 䢫 㧎䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㤦䡫 䧞䎆Ṗ ㌓㧛♲ ῂⰂな⪳ ⿖⿚

㦮 㡾☚Ṗ ῂⰂな⪳㦮 㾲㩖㡾☚ ⿖㥚⽊┺ 2K ⏨ 㦖 ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺.

Table 1 Material properties used in simulation Material

Thermal con- ductivity k (W/m.K)

C

(J/kg.K) ɋ (kg/m

) Helium 0.152 5193 0.1625 Insulation board 0.173 2310 700

Copper 387.6 381 8978 Aluminum 202.4 871 2719

Air 0.0242 1006.43 1.225 Helium

Al block

Cu block

CFC-11 Heat exchanger

Insulation material

Heat flux sensor

Fig. 4 Grid generation in the main test section

G

Fig. 5 Temperature distribution in the main test section

Fig. 6 Temperature distribution on the aluminum block

Fig. 7 Temperature distribution on the heat source G

Fig. 8 Heat flux distribution in the main test section

Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲Ṗ ⿖㹿♮⓪ 㞢⬾⹎

ⓚ ⿖⿚㦮 㡾☚⿚䙂Ṗ 㭧㣪䞮⸖⪲ Fig.6 ὒ ṯ㧊 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ ㌗.䞮┾㦮 㡾☚㹾⯒ 䟊㍳䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㡾☚

㹾⓪ 3K ⪲ ⋮䌖⋮Ⳇ 㔺㩲 㔺䠮㠦㍲ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ㠦

㎒㍲⯒ ⿖㹿䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 䧞䔎㕇䋂 ⿖⿚㦮 ㍺ἚṖ 㭧 㣪䞲 㧊㥶⪲ 㧧㣿䞲┺.

Fig.7, Fig.8 㦖 㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 㡊㤦㧎 ῂⰂな⪳㦮 㡾

☚⿚䙂㢖 㡊㥶㏣ ⿚䙂⯒ 䟊㍳䞲 ἆὒ㧊┺. 㭧㕂⿖

⿚ὒ 㭧㕂㠦㍲ 22.5 ໄ ⟾㠊㰚 㥚䂮㦮 㭒㥚㡾☚Ṗ 0.7K 㦮 㹾㧊⯒ ⋮䌖⌊Ⳇ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲Ṗ ⿖㹿♮⓪

⿖㥚⓪ 0.3K 㧧㦖 㡾☚㹾⯒ ⋮䌖⌊⸖⪲ 㡊㤦ὒ 䧞 䔎㕇䋂㦮 ㍺Ἒ⓪ 㿿⿚䞮┺.

Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲㦮 㡊㥶㏣㦖 ‶㧒䟊㟒 䞮Ⳇ Fig.8 㠦㍲ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ な⪳㦚 㰖⋮⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㦖 35 ໨/m

⪲ 㧒㩫䞾㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊 ἓ㤆 ┾㡊㨂㦮 䞮䁷 Ⳋ㦚 ₆㭖㦒⪲ 㥶㿲♮⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 Ṩ㦖 㟓 0.47

໨/m

㧊┺. ἆῃ 㡊㤦㦒⪲⿖䎆 ⹿㿲♮⓪ 㡊㦖 98% 㧊㌗ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ な⪳㦮 ㌗䁷Ⳋ㦒⪲ 㥶㿲♮⓪ ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺.

2.4 櫺氦暓時昢 円洛沫獞汞 洢沗

⽎ 㡆ῂ⓪ ㌗㣿 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ Ỗ㩫䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ Circular heater

Copper Heat Flux Sensor Aluminum Helium

Circular heater Copper

Heat Flux Sensor Aluminum

Insulation Board

Helium

Fig. 9 Photograph of main test section G

䡂⮾₆㼊⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 Ỗ㩫㧻䂮⯒ 㧦㼊㩗㦒⪲ 㩲㧧䞮 㡂 㔺䠮㦚 㑮䟟䞮㡖┺.

Fig.3, Fig.9 㢖 ṯ㧊 Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 㭒㔲䠮⿖⓪ ㌗┾

㠦 䒂ⳛ Ṗ㔲㺓㦚 Ṭ⓪ 䒂㔲⿖, ῂⰂな⪳ὒ ┾㡊 㨂 ⹥ ⽊㫆䧞䎆⯒ 㩗㨂䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ₆㩖⿖, 㞢⬾⹎

ⓚ㦒⪲ 㩲㧧♮㠊 䞮┾㦒⪲⿖䎆㦮 㡊㩚╂㦚 㧊⫃Ợ 䞮ἶ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ ㌓㧛䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ἶ㩫⿖Ṗ 㩲㧧

♮㠊 㧞⓪ ㎒㍲ ⿖㹿⿖, 7 Ṳ㦮 3/8" 㔺Ⰶ▪ 䧞䎆⯒

ῂⰂな⪳㠦 ㌓㧛䞮㡂 4,200 W(240 VAC 㧛⩻₆㭖) 㦮 㩚₆㧛⩻㦚 Ὃ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 䧞䎆⿖ ⹥ ῂⰂな

⪳㦒⪲⿖䎆 ⋮㡺⓪ 㡊㦚 䦷㑮䞲 CFC-11 ⌟ⰺ㢖 䟃㡾㫆㠦㍲ Ὃ ♮⓪ ⶒὒ㦮 㡊ᾦ䢮㦚 㤦䢲䞮Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ῂⰂ䕢㧊䝚⯒ Ṭ⓪ 㡊ᾦ䢮₆⿖⪲ ῂ㎇

♲┺.

㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 ῂⰂな⪳㦖 Ṗ⪲ശ㎎⪲ശ⏨㧊=320 ໄശ320 ໄശ20 ໄ㦮 ῂⰂな⪳ ⌊⿖㠦 㣿⨟㧊 600 W/240 VAC 㧎 7 Ṳ㦮 㔺Ⰶ▪ 䧞䎆⯒ 㑮䘟㦒⪲ ㌓ 㧛䞮㡂 㡊㦮 ⹲㌳㦚 㥶☚䞮ἶ 㡊㥶☯㦖 㭒㔲䠮⿖

㦮 ㌗⿖⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰖☚⪳ ῂ㎇䞮㡖┺. 㔺Ⰶ▪䧞䎆 㠦 㩚㤦㦚 Ὃ 䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 㔂⧒㧊┻㓺㢖 Ⰺ⩞㧊

⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. ῂⰂな⪳ 䞮┾㦒⪲㦮 ⑚㍺ 㡊⨟㦚

⿚㍳䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 䋂₆ Ṗ⪲ശ㎎⪲=320 ໄശ320 ໄ, 㣿⨟ 50-100 W  㦮 ⽊㫆䧞䎆⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ ῂ Ⰲな⪳ὒ ⽊㫆䧞䎆 ㌂㧊㠦⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 㿲⩻ Ṩ㧊 0 㧊 ♮☚⪳ 㫆㩞䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 320 ໄശ320 ໄ㦮 䘟 䕦䡫 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㠦

㍲㦮 㿲⩻Ṩ㧊 0 㧊 ♮☚⪳ 㫆㩞䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⽊㫆 䧞䎆㫆㩞₆⯒ 㩲㧧䞮㡂 ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺.

㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲Ṗ ⿖㹿♲ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ 䕦ὒ ῂⰂな⪳

㌂㧊⓪ 1 ໄٻ⏨㧊㦮 ὋṚ㧊 䡫㎇♮Ⳇ 㡂₆㠦 䡂⮾

₆㼊Ṗ 㫊㨂䞲┺. 䡂⮾㦚 㿿㰚䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⌊⿖㦮 Ὃ₆⓪ 㰚Ὃ䗢䝚⪲ ㆧ㞚⌊ἶ, 100 ₆㞫㦮 Ṗ㓺㤦㦒

⪲⿖䎆 䡂⮾㧊 㭒㔲䠮⿖⪲ Ὃ ♮⓪ ⹿㔳㧊┺.

㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⪲⿖䎆㦮 㡊㥶㏣ ⼖䢪㠦 ➆⯎ 㿲⩻

Ṩ㦖 Lemo 䄺⍻䎆⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 㔶䢎㯳䙃₆⪲ 㧛⩻

♲ 䤚 㔶䢎㑮㰧₆㢖 PC ⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 䁷㩫䞲┺.

ῂⰂ⪲ 㩲㧧♲ 㡊ᾦ䢮⿖⓪ 䧞䔎㕇䋂㦮 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞮₆ 㥚䟊 8,000 W   䟃㡾㑮㫆⪲⿖䎆 ⌟ṗ㑮

⯒ Ὃ  ⹱㞚 䧞䔎㕇䋂㧎 CFC-11 ὒ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚ な

⪳㦮 㡾☚⯒ 㧒㩫䞮Ợ 㥶㰖䞮⓪ 㡃䞶㦚 䞲┺. CFC -11 ⌟ⰺ⓪ 㔺⌊㡾☚Ṗ 24ଇ 㧊㌗㧊Ⳋ 㯳⹲䞮₆

➢ⶎ㠦 㔺⌊㡾☚⯒ 20ଇ 㧊䞮⪲ 㥶㰖䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㩞

╖㩗㦒⪲ 䞚㣪䞮┺. 䟃㡾㑮㫆㦮 㡾☚⓪ 5ଇ⪲ 㥶 㰖䞮㡂 㧊 ⌟ṗ㑮Ṗ 㡊ᾦ䢮₆ ⌊⯒ 㑲䢮䞮☚⪳ 䞲

┺. 㧊 ἓ㤆 CFC-11 㦮 㡾☚⓪ 17ଇ ⌊㣎⯒ 㥶㰖 䞲┺.

㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 ⹪┻Ⳋ㠦 ㌓㧛♮⓪ ┾㡊㨂⓪ ἶ㡾 㠦 ἂ❲ 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㔺Ⰲ䃊Ṗ 䞾㥶♲ ἶ㡾㣿 ┾㡊 㨂⽊✲⯒ ṖὋ䞮㡂 ㌂㣿䞮Ⳇ, 㡊㤦㧎 ῂⰂな⪳㦮 Ṗ㧻㧦Ⰲ ⿖⿚㠦☚ ┾㡊㨂⯒ Ṧ㕎 㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 䣷

⹿䟻 㡊⑚㍺㦚 㾲㏢䢪䞲┺.

ῂⰂな⪳ὒ 㞢⬾⹎ⓚな⪳ ㌂㧊㦮 ὋṚ㠦 ╖䞲 㰚Ὃὒ 䡂⮾㦮 Ὃ 㦖 㞢⬾⹎ⓚな⪳㦮 ㌗┾㠦㍲

㧊⬾㠊㰖⓪◆ 㧊⓪ 䡂⮾㦮 Ὃ 㦒⪲ 㧎䞲 㭒㔲䠮

⿖ ⌊⿖㦮 ┾㡊㨂 ⿚㰚㦮 ⹲㌳㦚 㾲㏢䢪䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㰚Ὃ䗢䝚⓪ 㧒⽎ ULVAC ㌂㦮 GVD-050A

⪲䎆Ⰲ ⳾◎⪲, 㰚Ὃ㣿⨟㦖 60 lpm 㧊┺. 㾲╖㰚Ὃ 㞫⩻㦖 5ശ10

torr 㧊┺. ⌟ⰺ㦮 㡾☚㢖 ⹪┻㦮 㡾

☚⓪ T-䡫 㡊㩚╖⯒ 䐋䟊 䁷㩫䞮Ⳇ ῂⰂな⪳ ⌊㦮 㡾☚䁷㩫㦖 ἶ㡾㣿 K-䡫 㡊㩚╖⯒ ㌂㣿䞲┺.

㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 㰚Ὃ 㩚.䤚㠦⓪ 䊋䄺䝢⩂⯒ ㌂㣿䞮 㡂 㰚Ὃ䗢䝚㢖 㭒㔲䠮⿖⯒ ỿⰂ䞲┺. 㰚Ὃ 䤚㠦⓪

⹪⪲ 䡂⮾㦚 㿿㩚䞮Ⳇ 䡂⮾ 㿿㩚 䤚㠦⓪ Swagelok 㦮 ⺎ぢ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 㧶⁒┺.

⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䁷㩫㧻゚⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲, 㔶䢎㯳䙃₆, 㡺㔺⪲㓺䆪䝚 ⹥ 㔶䢎㑮㰧₆㧊┺. 㡊 㥶㏣㎒㍲㢖 㯳䙃₆⓪ ⹎ῃ V ㌂㦮 㩲䛞㦚 ㌂㣿䞮 㡖┺. V ㌂㦮 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⓪ shadow Ⱎ㓺䋂㢖 㓺䗒 䎆⯒ 㧊㣿䞮㡂 㩲㧧♲ ⹫Ⱏ㦮 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ 㔺Ⰶ

▪ ⳾㟧㦮 ┞䅞 䞮㤆㰫㠦 ⿖㹿䞲 䡫䌲㧊┺. 㡊㥶

㏣㎒㍲㦮 Ṗ㧻㧦Ⰲ㠦⓪ 㡾☚Ṗ ⼖䢪䞮Ⳋ 㩖䟃㧊

⼖䢪䞮⓪ RTS(Resistance Temperature Sensor)Ṗ 㧞

₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㡾☚䁷㩫㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺. 䧞䎆㠦 Ὃ ♮⓪ 㩚⩻Ṩ㦖 ◆㧊䎆 㑮㰧㣿 䝚⪲⁎⧾(Wavestar)㦚 㧊 㣿䞮㡂 䘟‶Ṩ㦚 䁷㩫䞮㡖┺. 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㠦㍲ 㿲

⩻♮⓪ 㡊₆㩚⩻ 㔶䢎, 㡾☚ 㔶䢎㢖 ⏎㯦⿖㦮 ㏣

☚㔶䢎 ⹥ 㭒⼖㡾☚ 䁷㩫㦖 20 ໪㦮 ◆㧊䎆 㑮㰧 㧻䂮(Agilent, 34970A)⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䁷㩫䞲┺.

2.5 櫺氦暓 円洛

㭒㔲䠮⿖㠦 㩚⩻⯒ 㧎Ṗ䞲 䤚 30 ⿚㧊 ἓὒ䞮Ⳋ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 㡊₆㩚⩻㦖 㩫㌗㌗䌲㦮 Ṩ㦚 ⋮䌖⌎

Heat exchanger Coolant inlet

Helium inlet

┺. Fig.10 㦖 㩚₆䧞䎆㦮 㧛⩻㦚 㫆㩫䞮Ⳋ㍲ 㡊㥶

㏣㦮 ⼖䢪㠦 ➆⧒ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㠦㍲ 䁷㩫♲ 㡊㥶㏣

㦖 15-25 ໨/m

⻪㥚㠦 ╖䟊 ⋮䌖⋲┺. 䧞䎆㠦 Ὃ  ♮⓪ 㩚⩻㧊 㯳Ṗ䞾㠦 ➆⧒ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 Ṩ㦖 㩦㰚 㩗㧎 㯳Ṗ㿪㎎⯒ ⋮䌖⌊Ⳇ 㩞䘎Ṩ㧊 0 㧎 㿪㎎㍶

㦮 ἓ䟻㦖 Ἒ㌆♲ 㡊㥶㏣ὒ 㥶㌂䞲 ἓ䟻㦚 ⋮䌖⌎

┺. Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲ 䁷㩫♲ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶Ṩ㦖 䧞䎆 㠦 㧎Ṗ♲ 㩚⩻㦚 ₆㭖㦒⪲ Ἒ㌆♲ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶

Ṩ⽊┺ 䋂Ợ ⋮䌖⋮㰖Ⱒ ⌄㦖 㡊㥶㏣ ⻪㥚㠦㍲⓪ 㔺㩲 䁷㩫♲ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶Ṩ㧊 㧧Ợ ⋮䌖⋲┺.

㌗㣿 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⓪ 㡊㥶㏣ 䁷㩫 㔲 㭒㔲䠮⿖㦮 㰚 Ὃ⿖⿚ὒ 㩧䞮ἶ 㧞㦒⸖⪲ 㞫⩻Ợ㧊㰖⪲ 䁷㩫♮㰖 㞠⓪ ⹎㎎䞲 ⑚㍺㦮 Ṗ⓻㎇㧊 㧞㦒Ⳇ 㧊㠦 ➆⧒

㎒㍲㦮 㭒㥚㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ 㹾Ṗ㤊 ⌟ⰺ㦮 㡗䟻㦒⪲

㧎䟊 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ 㭒㥚㦮 㡊㩚╂ 䔏㎇㧊 ⼖䢪♶ ộ 㦒⪲ 㿪㩫♲┺. 䁷㩫♲ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶Ṩ㦖 㩚⩻

㧛⩻㦚 ₆㭖㦒⪲ Ἒ㌆♲ 㡊㥶㏣ 䘟‶Ṩὒ ゚ᾦ䞮 㡂 13%㦮 㡺㹾⻪㥚⯒ Ṭ⓪┺.

Fig. 10 Heat flux measurements in the test section

3. 冶 嵦

⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ 㡊㩚☚☚Ṗ 㤆㑮䞲 䡂⮾㦚 㧊㣿 䞮㡂 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲⯒ Ỗ㩫䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ 㩫㧻䂮⯒ ❪㧦㧎, 䟊㍳ ⹥ 㩲㧧䞮㡖┺. 㧊⯒ 䐋䟊 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲ Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 ❪㧦㧎㦚 䘟Ṗ䞮㡖┺. ⡦ 䞲 㡊㥶㏣ 䁷㩫㔺䠮㦚 㑮䟟䞮㡂 Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 㔶⬆

㎇㦚 䘟Ṗ䞮㡖┺. ⽎ 㡆ῂ㦮 ἆ⪶㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺.

1. Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㦮 㭒㔲䠮⿖㠦㍲ 7 Ṳ㦮 㔺Ⰶ▪ 䧞䎆 Ṗ ㌓㧛♲ ῂⰂな⪳ 㡊㤦㦖 㾲╖ 35 ໨/m

㦮

‶㧒䞲 㡊㥶㏣㦚 ⋮䌖⌊Ⳇ, CFC-11 ⌟ⰺ㢖 㡊 ᾦ䢮₆⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 䧞䔎㕇䋂⓪ 㡊㤦㦒⪲⿖䎆㦮 㡊㦚 䣾ὒ㩗㦒⪲ 㩚╂䞮㡂 㡊㥶㏣㎒㍲㦮 Ỗ㩫 㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺.

2. Ỗ㩫㧻䂮㠦㍲ 㔺㩲⪲ 䁷㩫♲ 㡊㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶Ṩ ὒ 䧞䎆㠦 㧎Ṗ♲ 㩚⩻㦚 ₆㭖㦒⪲ Ἒ㌆♲ 㡊 㥶㏣㦮 䘟‶Ṩ㦮 ゚ᾦ⯒ 䐋䟊 ⋮䌖⋲ ⽎ Ỗ㩫 㧻䂮㦮 㡺㹾⻪㥚⓪ 13%㧊┺.

3. 䡂⮾㦚 㧊㣿䞲 㡊㥶㏣ Ỗ㩫⹿⻫㠦㍲⓪ 㭒㔲䠮

⿖㦮 㰚Ὃ㦚 㧊㣿䞮⸖⪲ ㎒㍲⿖㹿⿖㦮 㡊㩚╂

䡚㌗ὒ 㡊㥶㏣ 䁷㩫 㔲 䡂⮾㦮 ⑚㍺⪲ 㧎䞲 㡊㩚╂ 䡚㌗㦮 ゚㩫㌗㎇㦚 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ộ㧊 Ṗ 㧻 㭧㣪䞮┺.

篊 匶

⽎ 㡆ῂ⓪ 䞲ῃ㤦㧦⩻㡆ῂ㏢(KAERI)㢖 NRL 㦮 㨂㩫㩗 㰖㤦㦚 ⹱㞚 㑮䟟♮㠞㦒Ⳇ, 㧊㠦 Ṧ㌂ ✲ Ⱃ┞┺.

焾処怾竒

(1) Diller, T.E., 1993, “Advances in Heat Flux Meas- urements,” Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol.23, Aca- demic Press.

(2) Diller, T.E., 1999, The measurement, instrumenta- tion, and sensors handbook, CRC Press.

(3) Childs, P.R.N., Greenwood, J.R., Long, C.A., 1999,

“Heat Flux Measurement Techniques,” Proc. Instn.

Mech. Engrs. Part C, Vol. 213, pp. 655-677.

(4) Jones, T.V., 1977, “Heat Transfer, Skin Friction, To- tal Temperature, and Concentration Measure- ments,” in: Measurement of Unsteady Fluid Dy- namic Phenomena, Hemisphere Pub. Corp., Wash- ington, DC, pp. 63-102.

(5) Grosshandler W., 1998, “Heat flux transducer cali- bration: Summary of the 2nd workshop,” NISTIR 6424.

(6) Grosshandler W., Blackburn D. 1997, "Development of a high flux conduction calibration apparatus,”

Prod. ASME HTD, Vol. 353, pp. 153-158.

(7) Sadao Sumikama, 1984, Introduction of Heat Flux Sensor - Its principle, construction and use, Keigaku Publishing Co., Ltd.

(8) Hwang D. W., Jung P. S., Joo H. H., 1999. "Per- formance of the heat flux sensor using thermoelec- tric semiconductor material,” Proc. Instrn. Mech.

Engrs., Vol. 213, pp. 655-677.

(9) Fluent Inc., 2001, FLUENT 5 User's Guide.