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OECD C il OECD Council November 2011

Adrian Blundell-Wignall

Special Advisor to the Secretary-General of the OECD on Financial Markets

November, 2011

Council

22 November 2011

(2)

Figure 2: 10-year Gov. Bonds Ranking

14 % points

8 10

12

Germany

France Italy Spain

0 2 4 6

Greece USA Portugal

Source: BIS, Datastream, World Federation of Stock Exchanges, OECD 2

2

(3)

Figure 3: Debt/GDP Rankings

170 %GDP

110 130 150

Greece Portugal

50 70

90 France

SPAIN Italy USA Germany

Source: Datastream, OECD 3

30

Jan/00 Jan/02 Jan/04 Jan/06 Jan/08 Jan/10

Germany

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Figure 4: CDS Spreads Germany

400 450 500

Basis Pts

WestLB

200 250 300 350

400 Deutsche

Bayerische Commerz

0 50 100 150

Source: Datastream, OECD 4

4

(5)

Figure 5. CDS Spreads France

700 800 900

Basis Pts

Soc Gen Credit Ag.

300 400 500 600

700 Credit Ag.

BNP Dexia

0 100 200 300

Source: Datastream, OECD 5

(6)

Figure 6: CDS Spreads UK

350

400 Basis Pts

200 250

300 RBS Barclays

0 50 100 150

Source: Datastream, OECD 6

0

6

(7)

Figure 7: EU Bank versus Sov. CDS Spreads

800

900 Wtd Sprd BP

EU Wtd. Bank CDS  Sprd Index

400 500 600

700 EU Sov. CDS  Sprd Index

0 100 200 300

Source: Datastream, OECD 7

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Figure 8: Bank Exposure & CDS

Exposure of banks of the area/country to the financial instruments shown in the column

All Of which Of which

Countries Euro Area German French Spanish Italian Non-EU US Banks Banks banks banks banks banks Banks banks Greece

Sovereign 39,027 36,578 12,411 10,686 462 1,871 2,449 2,321

Banks 9,692, 6,696, 1,842, 1,583, 28 191 2,996, 2,487,

Non bank priv. 82,307 77,439 7,119 43,470 665 1,666 4,868 3,547

Guarantees incl. CDS 48,580 10,057 3,106 4,411 27 355 38,523 38,460 Portugal

Sovereign 32,106 29,896 8,978 6,153 7,138 509 2,210 1,144

Banks 36,306 33,609 12,554 6,170 5,050 1,867 2,697 2,250

Non bank priv. 136,036 133,145 14,320 13,339 76,295 1,556 2,891 1,856 Guarantees incl. CDS 72,838 25,778 15,628 489 5,883 1,076 47,060 46,891 Ireland

Sovereign 16,753 13,522 3,470 2,896 163 584 3,231 1,898

Banks 78,066 63,202 21,532 9,841 1,174 4,402 14,864 11,730

Non bank priv 371 154 302 268 85 507 19 278 7 874 9 857 68 886 39 960 Non bank priv. 371,154 302,268 85,507 19,278 7,874 9,857 68,886 39,960 Guarantees incl. CDS 89,935 41,869 14,852 18,453 560 3,120 48,066 46,062 France

Sovereign 254,979 173,331 31,373 - 6,610 2,420 81,648 24,927

Banks 701,894 456,894 116,084 - 10,906 30,322 245,000 191,557

Non bank priv. 394,583 290,961 75,828 - 15,271 17,821 103,622 55,196 Guarantees incl. CDS 477,036 120,999 35,166 - 3,550 5,349 356,037 347,166 Spain

Sovereign 106,581 86,523 29,454 30,492 - 6,394 20,058 7,633

Banks 227,536 192,471 69,144 38,616 - 6,722 35,065 28,375

Non bank priv. 407,573 363,969 78,867 81,784 - 16,860 43,604 30,765

Source: BIS, OECD 8

Non bank priv. 407,573 363,969 78,867 81,784 16,860 43,604 30,765 Guarantees incl. CDS 206,379 56,701 34,757 8,273 - 2,314 149,678 148,848 Italy

Sovereign 288,732 237,322 47,624 106,764 11,173 - 51,410 12,891

Banks 164,087 138,705 48,338 44,657 4,240 - 25,382 19,110

Non bank priv. 485,218 460,433 65,795 264,952 24,351 - 24,785 14,898 Guarantees incl. CDS 329,403 89,001 47,045 23,367 7,092 - 240,402 237,581

8

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Figure 9: Policy Options

• IMF/EU loan facility and fiscal consolidation. The status quo.

• Eurosystem (Target 2) lending via the national central banks i h bl i @ h l ECB fi i

in the problem countries @ the low ECB re-financing rate.

NOT YET TRIED

• The Eurobond option & fiscal consolidation (But Germany pays higher rates).

• Increase the resources of the IMF via ECB loans & via the Increase the resources of the IMF via ECB loans & via the BRICS: the IMF lends massively to Europe with

conditionality. Very positive option.

• EFSF levered to a large size with private & Chinese

participation. Undermines credit rating of guarantor countries if pushed too far

Source: Datastream, OECD 9

if pushed too far.

• ECB SMP buying to keep a firm lid on rates of larger countries

via QE policies.

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Figure 10: CDS the Atomic Bomb Graph

Notional €100m Probability of Default (& 50% Recovery Rate)

After 4 Periods (0.95, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3) ( , , , )

0.97 40.9m

0.77 €25.7m (0.95, 0.7,0.7,0.7)

0.31 €9.7m

(0.95, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9)

4 6 ( )

• One of the most urgent things to do in Europe (&

elsewhere) is to introduce NOHC legislation to

0.19 4.6m (0.95, 0.95,0.95,0.95)

Source: OECD 10

facilitate the quarantining of risk from different parts of a financial group. Bravo Vickers.

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