IEG 환경지질연구정보센터
10
0
0
전체 글
(2)
(3) !" #$ . . .
(4) Migration and Enrichment of Arsenic in Rock-Soil-Crop Plant System in Areas Covered with Black Shale and Slates of Okchon Zone Ji-Min Yi and Hyo-Taek Chon* School of Civil, Urban & Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea The Dukpyung and the Chubu areas were selected to investigate the migration and enrichment of arsenic and other toxic elements in soils and crop plants in areas covered with black shales. Rock and soil samples digested in 4-acid solution (HCl+HNO3+HF+HClO4) were analyzed for arsenic and other heavy metals by ICP-AES and ICPMS, and plant samples by INAA. Mean concentration of As in Okchon black shale is higher than those of both world average values of shale and black shale. Especially high concentration of 23.2 mg/kg As is found in black shale from the Dukpyung area. Mean concentration of As is highly elevated in agricultural soils from the Dukpyung (28.2 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (32.6 mg/kg). Arsenic is highly elevated in rice stalks and leaves from the Dukpyung (1.14 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (1.35 mg/kg). The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of As in plant species decreases in the order of rice leaves>corn leaves>red pepper>soybean leaves=sesame leaves>corn stalks>corn grains.. Okchon black shale, Rock-soil-crop plant system, Arsenic, biological absorption coefficient(BAC).
(5)
(6) !" #$% &' ( )* + ,- .* /0" 12 /3
(7) 4 562 783 2 93 : ;<= .* >?@A )#: BCDE
(8) # FG H <IJ KK L M N HOPE Q O: R SDE T "
(9)
(10) 1 UV Q %: PDE LW XYQ Z [J [G \J ] L 4 >?: ^ B _ Z .* >?@A` a b9= c !" #" " $ "% PE" Q O: RSdE 56 ` = <IG
(11) & # '" e fg* hJ %++ 2 PDE ij
(12) kQ 4 56 = )# FG l ^i] m n* UV o G KK ( () ] ( <I: PpE q @A <IG qL rB!"p s )* r B B #"*" #+! * ,,* !% $tFG l^i] m-BB m-u-vm.wm-BB ^i-BB xU yzL {ADz| 1 xU] }J * " +/&*!PE mG ~ zLW J 4nQE : B _E
(13) fA s )* rB B . . . . .
(14) . . .
(15) . . . . . . . %. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. . . . . .
(16) 2=12 3456- +. ,'U D E * (IJ IJ# ¡¢ D !"#$ %&' ()*+ ,- +. /0 "V £¤- 29 ¥¦k§
(17) + 6¨
(18) ¨ P 1 )2 3456 47, 8 9
(19) ,- :; 2<+ © ª« ¨w¬j - vC# ®' O 56- +. 2=1 )2+ > ?# @AB C D Cn+ "# 2. ¯ 8 ° ±²+ + ³ E F1 G H 3IJK L MNO J J + ´# µe+
(20) ¶ TG'9 O·. ,1"# G@. PQ)*R ST'U D E "V WX Y+ Z[ NQ\E ]^1 ©n- ()*R C_- C`ab ,'U DE W X ,1 - +. ¸. ³ J - p ¡} ¹ "# c. C!def \ V g1"# ,'U º"j 756 3 8 »q56- +. ©1 DE hijk lm 2 + - . \? D"V £¤- ¼3 n- o^O pC )+ WX %I 4 ½¾- . 0 ? TG1"# C~' DE ¿À Á ÃÄÅ Æ} dqr R#$ %&r st ǽ - uO vI- w ( )*R+ , 0 - ]^1 ()*R E; J1 x y4z{- . ,1 0 ? | IJ- p g1"# ,'U D"V # 2. - }~'U E 6vIK È. 2< ÉÊ- ÄËK Pª C D l m Z + Å SÌI e-+ WX lm+ + 4 + ,CÍ y4gK ±OV Y ÎÏ n-+ x E; ]^1 ()*R+ ,1 C!z + i 1 yMO D Z = hk x dqO 1 {f 0 O R ½¾ - Pª C D ]^ 'U DU ]^1 ()*R+ /01 ,x N 1 ( ÄËK Z?O/ .E . . . . . . . . . . ( . ). . . . . . . . . .
(21) . . .
(22) . . " . % .
(23) , .
(24) . . '
(25). !. * . '!
(26)
(27) . +. &# . . . &- . . . . .
(28)
(29) . . . . . * . . . * . . * . . .
(30) "
(31) . &' . . # .
(32). .
(33) .
(34) . % . !. . . . . $ . . $ . . !.
(35) . . . . &. .. .. . . . . . Geologic map and sampling localities of in the Dukpyung (DP) and Chubu (CB) areas in the Okchon Zone. Lined parts indicate either the Guryongsan (DP) and Changri Formation (CB)which mainly consist of black shales and slates..
(36)
(37) ! "#$%&! '( ) - i"# ' DE Z+ 4 . n 8 H×- hk = ã a{'U DU n- ã3 =õO D 0 2 lm .!9 G- A + Ð "# 6 pÇ- 6 pÇb 6 ¥Ë+ ½Ë hk òK =. ö9} 8 â ÷øK . "# o^.E lm+ 6 Ñ 1 o^.E + i+ H× + Åã ô^OV 0J ã yMO GÑ Ò j°jV ½# ÅÓ n- ÔÕ F1"# rE GÖ- J K C!.E . hkK N%O 0J - *= lme# ¡} ¾F1t? yMOV Jã ñ'U D ¾9? ù ãJ+ H× H× mÎ ØÙÅÚ ÛÜÚ YÝ" G- hk 3I a{'U D9 OE # 'U DU 6+ Ñ g ¾ 9- DU Þ ß f \2E ÆlÍ lm + Nhk à G)á tâ ã®
(38) i- à ä4á åmâ Zi \á ,â ® Ci- w æ- ,Êä dç K j Å
(39) ú ½# 8 H× yMO E
(40) à ¼4á â èi ¤ $é êC Z+ h 4 - ò+
(41) úx â ë*i- w ì - íî yM.E + h i- pûO - ò+
(42) ú lme- hkK N%. J)¾ f üO·E ü. Å
(43) ú F1 j J)K ½ "# OV ïðg # ýÔ. þ # PyÔO ÿjE f ñiO ¸ò ñ'U DU R+ + - â 9Ð- :k Ew ' DE 4 5467 54/54 7 , "
(44) K ®. %9 0 g 2 Z + Nhk kè y3yÅ %9kè + lme yt G GÖ- JQyÅ G/5yÅ f ® óO 4+ Ó mÎ H× G- O x ]^1 ()*R- . ,yÅK ô^'U D"V Z- 4
(45) O·E. . . . & !. . /, . *0# +!. . . . . . . . . . . . & . &* . . . . !. -. $ . *. & . /,. + . . 12. .* ! . +"'+"3"
(46). . $' " . . $" . -.+. . 8 9.: . %- . 8 9. . 86 . . . . . . Range and mean concentrations of trace elements in black shales from the study areas(unit in ppm). Sample. As. Ba. Cd. Cr. Cu. Mn. Mo. Dukpyung Range Mean (n=4)a Chubu Range (n=2) Mean Earth crustb Avg. shalec Avg. Black Shaled. 10.8-28.2 23.2 9.6-104 56.8 2 13 -. 86-20000 7596 860-19000 9930 580 580 300. 0.2-1.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.1 1. 35-276 124 137-237 187 100 90 100. 23-45 34 17-453 234 50 45 70. 44-1948 558 151-180 165 1000 850 150. 1.7-20.1 11.4 6.1-595 300 2 3 10. Sample Dukpyung Range (n=4)a Mean Chubu Range (n=2) Mean Earth crustb Avg. shalec Avg. Black Shaled. Ni 14-53 7398 5-172 88 75 68 50. Pb 12-45 24 28-52 40 150 140 -. Se 1.6-2.3 1.9 1.5-33.9 18 0.075 0.6 -. Th 1.2-21.5 13.3 9.7-24.5 17 10 11e -. U 4.3-59.6 22.1 6.8-589 298 2.5 3.7 -. V 256-805 474 185-2356 1270 150 130 150. Zn 54-117 75 75-135 105 80 95 <300. a : nunber of samples b : Rose et al.(1979) c : Turekian and Wedepohl(1961) d : Vine and Tourtelot(1970) e : Govett(1983).
(47)
(48) ú yM - ½# üO· K ®. %9kè y3yÅ % "V ® =õ- :k 4 9kè JQyÅ G/5yÅ +
(49) úf üO·E
(50) ú+ K f ®O x ]^1 ()*R- . =O 9 + gK g"# ,yÅK
(51) O·E ò+ y
(52) úf O Oj+
(53) ú# üO·E ÌI
(54) ú 8 H×K !"# O S - ½# ü'"V ü. ÌI+ ü.
(55) ú /0ɱ
(56)
(57) þ /x %K ®p î} yK yi
(58)
(59) E ,yÅK =O t lCC "# vId n .& ! <& µ! ç9# ÏJO Å
(60) úx è¿ + NQ+ f =O Îf yO ?# ÿjE+ üO·E
(61) ú+ K =p ò+ - 54/54 7 , "
(62) y
(63) úf O Oj+
(64) ú# RE ü . 8 9.: . . 8 9. . /, . 86 . 0; +!. . ;0* . . . . . . . . +"'+"3"
(65). $" .
(66) . -.+4 5467. $' " . . . 0* . . . Range and median concentrations of trace elements in various soils overlying black shale from the study areas(unit in. mg/kg). Dukpyung Mountain (n=10)a 39.8 As (26.3-187)b 2950 Ba (1200-10000) 0.7 Cd (0.3-2.4) 21 Co (15-32) 142 Cr (92-171) 92 Cu (59-238) 336 Mn (180-756) 35 Mo (9.1-139) 73 Ni (42-168) 49 Pb (26-162) 3.3 Se (1.7-10.2) 20 Th (15.8-22.9) 33 U (6-302) 434 V (234-2213) 159 Zn (95-353) a : number of samples b : range of elements concentrations c : Bowen(1979) d : Shacklette and Boerngen(1984). Farmland (n=7) 28 (11.5-52.7) 1700 (730-3800) 0.5 (0.2-1.8) 24 (19-30) 139 (114-180) 62 (59-74) 589 (339-1057) 12.7 (7.64-24) 61 (57-84) 27 (18-39) 1.5 (0.7-3.5) 17 (15.1-18.3) 14.3 (4.5-24.4) 251 (137-418) 148 (115-217). Chubu Mountain (n=14) 30.4 (5.8-123) 875 (560-37000) 0.3 (<0.1-5.7) 25 (10-55) 113 (92-205) 54 (33-320) 799 (420-2136) 5.3 (1.3-452) 56 (27-292) 30 (18-96) 1.7 (1.3-9.0) 18.7 (14.3-23.9) 6.5 (3.8-1160) 174 (123-2407) 127 (74-120). Farmland (n=9) 33 (16.3-114) 1000 (890-2500) 0.3 (0.2-1.8) 21 (16-27) 107 (68-130) 51 (33-63) 617 (407-1377) 3.9 (1.6-13.4) 53 (39.9-138.1) 30 (19-45) 1.5 (0.5-2.4) 17.2 (14.1-19) 6.4 (4.3-21.3) 172 (125-373) 118 (85-267). Paddy (n=4) 23 (11.1-39.2) 1040 (910-2400) 0.7 (0.3-1.7) 21 (15-26) 114 (98-241) 52 (49-55) 528 (365-712) 4.3 (3.3-10) 57 (50-147) 31 (27-94) 1.4 (1.1-2.1) 16.6 (14.8-17.5) 7.9 (5.7-18) 173 (140-307) 172 (112-272). Normal soilc. 6. 0.35 30. 30 550d 1.2 30 35 0.39d 9 2 80d 90.
(67)
(68) ! "#$%&! '( ) + NQK j°nU Ì r ÌI
(69) ú #Ó g tC# µ . þ X £ n- /0ɱ
(70)
(71) E vI® yÔf ®O n+ + + ,f \½E :k + K +, -O PyÔO y
(72) ú# »ÌO·E PyÔ. ɱ G+ £ &®.eõ - Ì' SÌI .üO 6I 8 2<+ y
(73) ú ÿjE+ - G/5yÅ f ®O f ÉÊ- ÄËK Pª C DK $"# rE . È. ]^1 ()*R- . ,yÅK
(74) O + NQ + p "K \·"j )*R ·E - ) ,'U DE n+ 8 1 %+. + gddef \ ·"V + A. gdK 9
(75) O· E
(76) !- +. + , ø )*- +. Z - ü. Å+ f È. ] ^ ()*R+ Z[NQ =f ' - /g\E ¸)*R ê1"# ,B ?0 j°nE 0 g + H×- D"1# Y
(77) ú- . 12 , 9+ Z?? 2U¢´ .E ¸1# E¾C /úf ø £ K j°nU R + )"# Ì®O DK ! C DE 3,
(78) 4 =. . ¥5"#6 Y
(79) ú+ /úf f 4O· Z + 8 H× n+ ]^1 () p ,C *2 + NQ + E ,C7 lm ! 2 Z Z[NQ - ü.
(80) ú+ Y ]^1 ()* + Z[NQ \E " + NQK n ()*R+ £ &®.eõ# j K \·E WX + H×- 8U Í þ . "K e4- 9r )*+ C# j + , f \·"V 8U Í " E : 0 - % ? »
(81) . ï-9 + PQ)*
(82) Z SÌI- (K C D G+ ]^1 () - p NQK 9
(83) O·E ¸j 0 g *R+ £ &®.eõ" ' 3 f ®O + Å+ + Z[ N ,Cf 4O·"V e4- 9. )* "# &®.eõ Q\E E* ù NQK j°nE - j°# Z yM ? »
(84) 'U D ;¨ r - p <i -+ 8 4+ ,yÅf \ +
(85) . ? =@OE ×ø' >?7@+ Í" ; K ®O E , â f È. x 9 " Cf 4O·E ,r $"# j°% G :k ,C? g"# j°j + Z[ NQ" % - +p »Çr G O# j°j , ]^1 ()*R+ &®.eõ" ' 3 \E ,"#. j°j DE ¸j "# Õ! C DE A 4r ,Cf - 9
(86) O·E Z + + Z[ NQ '. "K x E* ù "K j°nE WX + ! ! + + ,C YY + =f j°nU y K -O - +. ÄËK ?u ( j°n 4- f ÈO x + NQ "K \·"j "# ÕO
(87) ú ü. Å + "K j°nE Z - \E ,'U D"V + Z[N Ó ! Q- p a g "K \·E + h 4 - hk òK =p ö9} 8 -+ £ NQ Z- â÷øK . + Åã3 D G ¤< - "V G- - ,Cf 4O·"V - - ) ,'U Z[NQ K j°n $é ¤ 9uB ë*i "# WX !â- Z- K j°nE hkC? }~'D 9uB ¤<+
(88) ú
(89) ú G >x 2*. +
(90) ú- W - + £"K j°nU ©1"# -. !,=,. . . +"'+"3"
(91). $" . . * !,=,. . $' " . 86 . . . . . *# !,=,. 6 9' >
(92). . . . '. . . . 6 9' . >
(93). /, * . . . *& !,=,. . - !,=,. . . :
(94) +!
(95) ". (. . 6.
(96). .
(97) .
(98) . .
(99) . . . . . " ". :8 . . . % . . . . . 8
(100) ? . . 0 - !,=, . ( . . >
(101). . . . . 9' >
(102). (. . ' *. . . . . 9'. >
(103). (. . . . . (. . . >
(104). 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9'. . . . ( 2
(105) % . .
(106). . %0 . . ( . #. /,. %0*. . . . ;0 &. . . . &% !,=,. *# !,=,. . . . ## !,=,. *& !,=,. . *. .
(107) .
(108)
(109).
(110) Relationships between As and other elements in soils from the study areas.. ,'U DK \·E WX > - . ¶~0 - 4. '.
(111) ú üH -+ - . ]^1 ()*R+ ,C+ Z["2 Z+ + - p Y Y x # ,? ,'K ! C DE . $ . . . *%. #-. *. &. .
(112) 0 g2 Z + ! . - %&. - Ìr SÌIn+ x ]^ 1 ()*R+ Z[NQ =f - j°n E Y ÌI n+ + Z[NQ lCC lCC lCC Î + 3"# E*O·E W X Z + - YY # F1'U Z[ NQK ' #. . . , @. #; !,=, @. % !,=, @ , A . !,, @. & !,=, @. - !,=, . . - !,=,. *& !,=. #; !,=,. - !,= .
(113)
(114) ! . . . "#$%&! '( ).
(115) . Concentrations of As and BAC values of the crop plants from the study areas Location. As concentration (unit in mg/kg dry weight). Crop Plants Leaves(n=3)a Corn. Range Mean. Stalks(n=1). BAC(mean). 0.12-0.35. 0.008. 0.23 0.08. 0.002. Rice. Leaves(n=6). Range Mean. 0.94-1.70 1.14. 0.101. Red pepper. Fruits(n=2). Range Mean. 0.02-0.06 0.04. 0.010. Sesame. Leaves(n=2). Range Mean. 0.12-0.16 0.14. 0.006. Leaves(n=3). Range Mean. 0.23-0.83 0.47. 0.017. Grains(n=3). Range Mean. 0.03-0.04 0.04. 0.001. Rice. Leaves(n=2). Range Mean. 1.2-1.5 1.35. 0.060. Red pepper. Fruits(n=1). 0.04. 0.001. Soybean. Leaves(n=2). 0.14-0.23 0.19. 0.006. Sesame. Leaves(n=1). 0.19. 0.006. Dukpyung. Corn. Chubu. Range Mean. a : number of samples. Enrichment Index(P.I.) of arsenic and other environmental toxic elements in the Dukpyung (DP) and Chubu (CB) areas in The Okchon Zone. Lined parts indicate either the Guryongsan (DP) and Changri Formation (CB) which mainly consist of black shales and slates.. \ '".9
(116)
(117) 9
(118) &- - +. + vIn+ NQ =2 n- M N' ""# j°%E :k ¨² ! 2 Z + ÌIn- + F1 0% !,=,. . . . . ,' ;K $"# ÑY! C D"j n+ N Q n+ + NQ SÌI n+ NQ - %+. + gddef 9
(119) O1# Ëþ , B C DK ! C DE . . /, - .
(120) wE :k vIÏn )*+ GC9- . f pp´ )*- . vI+ SFf 1" # pÅ! C DE + )* NQ 6K O ¥5 G- ½# ®' vIn+ ) *+ NQ# +' ÑI1 GCeC2 f 1®Oâ e4rE 0 g - Ñ4' SÌI+ ÑI1 GCeC IlCC lC C lCC Î + 3"# E*O ËK \·E "#$ GC. + F1 Î? ¨Ùk - CÍ"# F 1JK
(121) .E 6 vI -+ v Arsenic concentration in crop plants and soils from the study areas (crop plants from the Dukpyung area in I d:; + ÑI1 GCeC f ) open simbols and the Chubu area in closed symbols). KX O lCCn+ + GCeC? @@ Î+ 3"# E*NK \·E
(122) . . . ( ( ,+. ' "
(123). ' #. BB+
(124) " . . & . # @. A. @. * @. ;; @. . /,. ; .
(125) & . /, . . . lm n- o^O pC )+ WX %I dqr G+ 8 ]^1 () *R+ ,x !"#$ %&r st - uO vIn+ ( )*R+ , 8 y4+ ÄËZ?f =p Z 8 - . Å vI
(126) ú- . ,yÅ @A E E Z - ür Å
(127) úR+ f È. PQ)*R + NQ + Z[ NQ + Z[NQ\E "K \·E Z + + Z[NQ Y Y + NQK j°nE 0 g n+ !- %&. + f È. ½@. PQ)*R+ NQ /0 n+ NQ- p Îh ¨ ab ,r gK \ V a 9+ NQK \·"V WX + Z[NQ n &®.eõ \E "K \·E + h + Z+ n+ *& !,=,- p ## !,=,"# ) ,'"V n- \E "K \· E n- <- 1 L + gddef \·"V ù gd9f j°nE . . . . . The comparision of BAC in various crop plants from the study areas(L: leaves, S: stalks, G: grains and F: fruits).. . . . (. . . . . 9'. . . *# !,=, ;% !,=,. . * . .
(128) !. . . . . $ 6 >
(129) . " '. . Biological absorption coefficient(BAC=Cp/Cs) of corn leaves, stalks and grains from the study areas.. "#$ vI =@. )*f GC! H + J vI+ t- :k GC' 9? E. . (. . 0#. . . 3 . . . . . '. . 6. >
(130). . #0;. . 9'. .
(131)
(132) ! "#$%&! '( )
(133) X>? @A` #$ += ( )* ( $ ,Cf 9. 0 g + !+ y+ g"# j°% / 3 (0 2% '* " ! !4 ' !" "V 4 + Z[,C # . $ ! + \E ,9? . $"# j° %E . Z Z[,C? # + - p "K \·E ! + - ^ar SÌI
(134) ú- . ,yÅ + NQ #
(135) "# &"
(136) / " "9. (0 % 4* * + !4 !4 , lCC
(137) ?* 7& '?*"9 $ + lCC lCC Î + 3"# 9
(138) '"V WX + x - + F1 Îh M Z - YY x + NQK \2E n+ )* NQ SÌI#+ GC9+ e C2 ÑI1 GCeC + 4 x lCC lCC lCC Î + 3" # E*O·"V ? Îx + +"\ E vI- "#$ L SFrE $K ! C DE . # . . . . . . . + )21. + " 5 6 +. #. 5 7 8
(139) . #. (00% $ !" *4 !9 , !4 . " ! */ * :/ +. . #-. *. & " ; / !"" ; . (000% !&""9 **&. * /! <&, 5! &++"9 5 "" ,. . !4 ! =* >&/5!
(140) !. - . / ; /! $ (0 + (()((. . , @. #; !,=, @. !,=, @. *; !,=. !,=, @. - !,=, @. , @. &. - !,=, . (((. !,= . 4 7 ' 4 7 @ @ = /
(141) 7 . (002%. '4 **& * / /+ , +! !""9 !?* " ! *$ / 5!4 #"* 4" / "! . . @ ++" / > *4 !9 $ (( + 202. * !,=,. 34. #; !,=,. ; @ . 5. @. /. !. >. (00%. >&/5! * *"!9 "/4 & !. . * * $ + ) 0. >$ !! > 8 . ; . ( . + BB+
(142) " @. ' ,+. ' "
(143). @. @. . A. @. (0 % ;* *4 !9 ". ?+"! " $ * !,* &#"4 +9 )2(+. @
(144)
(145) 111% * &/5! / 4 "!4. +#" "/ 4 =! ; *4 $ ) +. @. 1)(1. . @#! / / / 7. (0 )% '* " . ! " / +"! ; * ;!. (+. . @ 8 4 7 ' (00% *4 ! / /+ . . , !4 +! !""9 !?* " ! &/ " #9 #"* 4" / "! !4 4&#& @ 8&" , ** / $ !" > "9 ,. : 0 |9 .©N}O^ø -0 )7 + N 0 ) "# C~'"V - E@PÙE * . . C/.* . ;.:9 . . . + . . )). 111%. . + 0((11. 111%. ((+. (0)%. . ((. . + 0 . (000%. . . . + 2((. 2( . . 111%. . + 22. . (00(%. *+! , " / ,/ *+ @ ++" > +*4 &++" $ + )0 @" . (00% ! ! , * */& *4. 5 *!! / " 9+&. (0 %. . (00% ,"& * , A/$. * &, & #"* 4" !4 !* " !. & ,"& " / *&9 / * " +"!. = G @ gB ! i \ N)g )G $ ] Z = B B*p #$ += ( @& ' ? J $ = fA Z & '¡¢G $£i ¤¥¦§ ¨¥i© ª)g «)¬)/ \ ? 5 F!: /= ( N\ ® ¯ °± ²( ³´µ «®$ B #; B ¶B * &'( ) * ·?G Z ¡¢ @&' ¸¹ Mº» !¼7 E$ 4' f A Z ¡¢G ½* =@«) Mº» !¼7 <V¾¿ #; . @ $ 1 + 0(1 @ @ = / '4! . . > $ @*4 B "/ 8 = : / 5 ; @ 8 / &"" = ; (000% * !4
(146) 7! + $ ! !4 "&# / '4 * * , !4 '!" $ ! $ 2 + (1( (( : 3 (0 2%
(147) "9 , "5/ && !4 #"* "! , !4 A*4 >&+ @ 8 @ !
(148) > " $ (0 + (()2 : 8 4 7 ' / @ @ =. (002% 3+ . / *4 ! , +! !""9 !?* " ! !4 4&C *$ / 5!4 #"* 4" @ . * $ > " $ 0 )01 : 8 4 7 ' / @ @ =. (00 %
(149) !. / /+ , !* " ! !4 *"+"! 9! &/ " #9 #"* 4" / "! ,. A*4. D . @ . 8&". ,. > *4 *". ?+"! $ 2 + 2( : 8 4 7 ' @ 8 @ @ = /
(150) 7 (00 #% *4 ! , +! !""9 !?* " ! &/ " #9 #"* 4" / "! @ .
(151) .
(152) . $ > *4 7 "!4 $ 1 + ((). 4*" !! 7 ' / 8 >. (0 )%. “ " !.
(153) 8 / &# @ (0 )% * . ** !! " / !4 &,*" ! " ,. $ *! >&/5! '4 * * , !4 '!". !4 *! & ! / !! ” > , + . $ ! $ 0 + )0. >$ ! ! A,,* =4! (1+. ! : @ ! ; / 3 @ " 9/ . '& @ @ / = / +4" @ 7 (02(% 3!#&! ,. @
(154) " 3 & ! !4 : 3&""/. !4 " ! C &! , !4 !4 *&!. @ > /
(155) *3"/ 3 3. > "*" * !9 , * &"" ! $ + (. (00% 3 $ "+ ! ,. ++ / / $ !" <&"!9 &/ " , */& 8&" , > *4 *" ?+"! $ + 1(0 ; = 75 7 / = ## 8 (00% > *4 !9 " ?+"! / / % */ * 2+. (0 8 3 / '&! "! . (01% > *4 !9 ,. #"* 4" / +! &9 +! * > " 9 $ 2 + . À @uÁB. 11. . ). À ÂÃp. 11. . (0.
(156)
관련 문서
