MONTHLY CLIMATE REVIEW OVER KOREA

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February and Winter(December-February) 2015 Climate Summary

◇ The nationwide mean temperature (1.7 ℃) in February 2016 was 0.6 ℃ above normal and the nationwide-average of precipitation (43.8 mm) was 129.9

% of normal.

◇ The nationwide mean temperature (1.4℃) in Winter 2015 was 0.8 ℃ above normal and the nationwide-average of precipitation (109.1 mm) was 123.5

% of normal.

□ Climate features and long-term trends in February and Winter 2015 were analyzed 45 meteorological stations throughout Korea (national average) during 1973-2016 (1908-2016 for Seoul).

※ Normal : Average value of climatic element data collected from 1981 to 2010

□ The climatic characteristics in February 2016 o Korea (as a whole),

- The mean temperature (1.7 ℃), the mean maximum temperature (7.0 ℃) and the mean minimum temperature (-3.1 ℃) were 0.6 ℃, 0.2 ℃, 0.7 ℃ above normal, respectively.

- A nationally-averaged precipitation was 43.8 mm, which was 129.9% of normal.

The number of rainy days was 7.3, which was 0.8 days more than normal.

- The total number of hours of sunshine was 198.1, which was 115.2 % of normal.

o Seoul,

- The mean temperature (0.2 ℃) and the mean minimum temperature (-4.1 ℃) were 0.2 ℃, 0.7 ℃ below normal, respectively. The mean maximum temperature (5.1 ℃) was 0.4 ℃ above normal.

- The amount of precipitation was 47.6 mm, which was 190.4% of normal.

- The number of rainy days was 8.0, which was 2.2 days more than normal.

- The total number of hours of sunshine was 195.2, which was 119.5 % of normal.

Division National Climate Data Center Contact LEE, Jae-Won Phone/email +82-2-2181-0891/

[email protected] Release March 02, 2016

KOREA METEOROLOGICAL A DMINISTRATION www.kma.go.kr

MONTHLY CLIMATE REVIEW OVER KOREA

(total 7 pages)

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□ Long-term

¹⁾

trend in February 2016 climate o Korea (as a whole),

- The national mean temperatures in February during the 2000s (2001-2010) was 1.6 ℃ above that of in the 1970s (1973-1980).

- The nationwide-average of precipitation in February during the 2000s was 1.6 mm more than that of in the 1970s.

- The number of rainy days in February during the 2000s was 0.6 days less than that of in the 1970s.

- The total sunshine hours in February during the 2000s was 3.4 hours less than that of in the 1970s.

o Seoul,

- The mean temperatures in February during the 2000s (2001-2010) was 2.1 ℃ above that of in the 1970s (1971-1980).

- The precipitation in February during the 2000s was 4.3 mm more than that of in the 1970s.

- The number of rainy days in February during the 2000s was 0.8 days less than that of in the 1970s.

- The total sunshine hours in February during the 2000s was same as that of in the 1970s.

□ The climatic characteristics in Winter 2015 o Korea (as a whole),

- The mean temperature (1.4 ℃), the mean maximum temperature (6.3 ℃) and the mean minimum temperature (-3.0 ℃) were 0.8 ℃, 0.2 ℃, 1.1 ℃ above normal, respectively.

- A nationally-averaged precipitation was 109.1 mm, which was 123.5 % of normal. The number of rainy days was 22.8, which was 3.0 days more than normal.

- The total number of hours of sunshine was 535.2, which was 104.2 % of normal.

1) 2000s : 2001~2010 / 1970s of Korea(Seoul) : 1973~1980(1971~1980)

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o Seoul,

- The mean temperature (-0.5 ℃) and the mean minimum temperature (-4.3 ℃) were 0.1 ℃, 0.2 ℃ below normal, respectively. The mean maximum temperature (4.1 ℃) was 0.5℃ above normal.

- The amount of precipitation was 77.7 mm, which was 114.4 % of normal.

- The number of rainy days was 21.0, which was 1.3 days more than normal.

- The total number of hours of sunshine was 569.1, which was 119.7 % of normal.

□ Long-term

²⁾

trend in Winter 2015 climate o Korea (as a whole),

- The national mean temperatures in winter during the 2000s (2001-2010) was 1.2 ℃ above that of in the 1970s (1973-1980).

- The nationwide-average of precipitation in winter during the 2000s was 2.4 mm less than that of in the 1970s.

- The number of rainy days in winter during the 2000s was 1.8 days less than that of in the 1970s.

- The total sunshine hours in winter during the 2000s was 11.4 hours less than that of in the 1970s.

o Seoul,

- The mean temperatures in winter during the 2000s (2001-2010) was 1.1 ℃ above that of in the 1970s (1971-1980).

- The precipitation in winter during the 2000s was 11.9 mm less than that of in the 1970s.

- The number of rainy days in winter during the 2000s was 2.6 days less than that of in the 1970s.

- The total sunshine hours in winter during the 2000s was 23.3 hours more than that of in the 1970s.

2) 2000s : 2001~2010 / 1970s of Korea(Seoul) : 1973~1980(1971~1980)

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Appendix 1 Climate features of February 2016 (Nationwide)

Fig 1. Temperatures (mean, mean maximum and mean minimum) and precipitation in South Korea during February (1973-2016).

□ The nationwide average value of meteorological element during February (1973-2016)

Elements (whole country)

Feb.

2016(a) Feb.

2015(b)

Normals of Feb.

(1981-2010)(c)

a-b a-c

Rank since 1973 (within 5th)

Mean temperature (℃) 1.7 2.0 1.1 -0.3 0.6

Mean maximum temp. (℃) 7.0 7.3 6.8 -0.3 0.2

Mean minimum temp. (℃) -3.1 -2.5 -3.8 -0.6 0.7 Precipitation (mm) 43.8 25.5 35.5 18.3 (184.1%) 8.3 (129.9%)

Days of rain (day) 7.3 6.0 6.5 1.3 0.8

Sunshine duration (hour) 198.1 178.7 171.9 19.4 (110.9%) 26.2 (115.2%) Mean cloud amount (1/10) 4.0 4.5 4.2 -0.5 -0.2

Days of minimum temperature less than

-10℃(day) 1.6 1.4 2.8 0.2 -1.2

Days of maximum temperature less than

0℃(day) 1.1 0.3 1.8 0.8 -0.7

Days of snow (day) 6.5 2.2 4.7 4.3 1.8

□ The nationwide average value of meteorological element during February in each decade (1973-2010)

Year Mean

temp.

(℃)

Mean max.

temp.

(℃)

Mean min.

temp.

(℃) Prep.

(mm)

Days of rain

(day)

Sunshine duration (hour)

Mean cloud amount

(1/10)

Days of minimum temperature less than -10℃(day)

Days of maximum temperature

less than 0℃(day)

Days of snow (day)

1973-1980(a) 0.4 5.8 -4.4 37.7 6.8 170.8 4.4 4.0 4.0 5.2

1981-1990(b) 0.4 5.7 -4.2 38.9 7.4 167.0 4.7 3.7 2.9 5.3 1991-2000(c) 1.1 7.0 -4.1 28.1 5.8 181.4 3.7 2.7 1.2 4.9 2001-2010(d) 2.0 7.6 -3.0 39.3 6.2 167.4 4.2 1.9 1.2 3.8

2016(e) 1.7 7.0 -3.1 43.8 7.3 198.1 4.0 1.6 1.1 6.5

d-a 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.6 -0.6 -3.4 -0.2 -2.1 -2.8 -1.4

d-b 1.6 1.9 1.2 0.4 -1.2 0.4 -0.5 -1.8 -1.7 -1.5

d-c 0.9 0.6 1.1 11.2 0.4 -14.0 0.5 -0.8 0.0 -1.1

e-d -0.3 -0.6 -0.1 4.5 1.1 30.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 2.7

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Appendix 2 Climate features of February 2015 (Seoul)

Fig 2. Temperatures (mean, mean maximum and mean minimum) and precipitation in Seoul during February (1908-2016).

□ The average value of meteorological element during February in Seoul(1908-2016)

Elements (Seoul) Feb.

2016(a) Feb.

2015(b)

Normals of Feb.

(1981-2010)(c)

a-b a-c

Mean temperature (℃) 0.2 1.0 0.4 -0.8 -0.2

Mean maximum temp. (℃) 5.1 6.0 4.7 -0.9 0.4 Mean minimum temp. (℃) -4.1 -2.9 -3.4 -1.2 -0.7

Precipitation (mm) 47.6 22.7 25.0 24.9 (209.7%) 22.6 (190.4%)

Days of rain (day) 8.0 7.0 5.8 1.0 2.2

Sunshine duration (hour) 195.2 180.0 163.3 15.2 (108.4%) 31.9 (119.5%) Mean cloud amount (1/10) 3.7 4.5 4.0 -0.8 -0.3

-10℃(day) 0.0 2.0 1.8 -2.0 -1.8

0℃(day) 3.0 2.0 4.2 1.0 -1.2

Days of snow (day) 7.0 2.0 5.2 5.0 1.8

□ The average value of meteorological element during February in Seoul in each decade (1911-2010)

Year

Mean temp.

(℃)

Mean max.

temp.

(℃)

Mean min.

temp.

(℃) Prep.

(mm) Days of rain

(day)

Sunshine duration

(hour)

Mean cloud amount

(1/10)

less than 0℃(day)

Days of snow (day)

1911-1920(a) -1.5 3.5 -6.2 20.3 6.6 182.2 4.5 5.2 6.3 7.3

1921-1930 -1.8 3.1 -6.8 28.0 6.1 181.0 4.4 7.9 7.5 6.3

1931-1940(b) -2.2 2.5 -6.7 23.3 6.0 182.0 4.3 6.8 8.0 9.0

1941-1949 -2.4 2.6 -7.4 10.5 5.1 194.4 3.8 9.3 8.4 6.0

1954-1960 -0.6 4.0 -4.9 33.1 6.1 166.9 4.4 4.6 5.3 5.7

1961-1970 -1.8 2.7 -5.7 27.2 5.8 176.6 4.3 5.6 7.9 7.5

1971-1980(c) -0.8 3.6 -4.4 25.2 6.5 151.5 4.5 3.3 6.2 6.8

1981-1990 -0.6 3.7 -4.3 21.4 6.0 167.1 4.5 3.4 6.2 5.7

1991-2000 0.4 4.9 -3.5 24.2 5.6 171.2 3.4 1.1 2.5 5.5

2001-2010(d) 1.3 5.4 -2.3 29.5 5.7 151.5 4.0 1.0 4.0 4.3

2016(e) 0.2 5.1 -4.1 47.6 8.0 195.2 3.7 0.0 3.0 7.0

d-a 2.8 1.9 3.9 9.2 -0.9 -30.7 -0.5 -4.2 -2.3 -3.0

d-b 3.5 2.9 4.4 6.2 -0.3 -30.5 -0.3 -5.8 -4.0 -4.7

d-c 2.1 1.8 2.1 4.3 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 -2.3 -2.2 -2.5

e-d -1.1 -0.3 -1.8 18.1 2.3 43.7 -0.3 -1.0 -1.0 2.7

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Appendix 3 Climate features of Winter 2015 (Nationwide)

Fig 1. Temperatures (mean, mean maximum and mean minimum) and precipitation in South Korea during winter (1973-2015).

□ The nationwide average value of meteorological element during winter (1973-2015)

Elements (whole country)

Winter

2015(a) Winter 2014(b)

Normals of Winter (1981-2010)(c)

a-b a-c

Mean temperature (℃) 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8

Mean maximum temp. (℃) 6.3 5.7 6.1 0.6 0.2

Mean minimum temp. (℃) -3.0 -3.8 -4.1 0.8 1.1

Days of rain (day) 22.8 26.1 19.8 -3.3 3.0

Sunshine duration (hour) 535.2 552.8 513.4 -17.6 (96.8%) 21.8 (104.2%)

Mean cloud amount (1/10) 4.5 4.3 4.1 0.2 0.4

-10℃(day) 7.9 6.9 10.6 1.0 -2.7

0℃(day) 7.3 6.1 8.4 1.2 -1.1

Days of snow (day) 18.7 17.8 16.9 0.9 1.8

□ The nationwide average value of meteorological element during winter in each decade (1973-2010)

Year Mean

temp.

(℃)

Mean max.

temp.

(℃)

Mean min.

temp.

(℃) Prep.

(mm)

Days of rain

(day)

Sunshine duration (hour)

Mean cloud amount

(1/10)

less than 0℃(day)

Days of snow (day) 1973-1980(a) -0.3 5.1 -5.0 92.2 20.8 521.6 4.1 15.5 14.1 19.2 1981-1990(b) 0.0 5.5 -4.7 91.9 21.5 518.7 4.3 13.4 11.6 18.2 1991-2000(c) 0.8 6.5 -4.1 84.7 18.6 515.2 3.8 9.4 6.3 16.7 2001-2010(d) 0.9 6.3 -3.8 89.8 19.0 510.2 4.0 9.8 8.4 16.1

2015(e) 1.4 6.3 -3.0 109.1 22.8 535.2 4.5 7.9 7.3 18.7

d-a 1.2 1.2 1.2 -2.4 -1.8 -11.4 -0.1 -5.7 -5.7 -3.1

d-b 0.9 0.8 0.9 -2.1 -2.5 -8.5 -0.3 -3.6 -3.2 -2.1

d-c 0.1 -0.2 0.3 5.1 0.4 -5.0 0.2 0.4 2.1 -0.6

e-d 0.5 0.0 0.8 19.3 3.8 25.0 0.5 -1.9 -1.1 2.6

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Appendix 4 Climate features of Winter 2015 (Seoul)

Fig 2. Temperatures (mean, mean maximum and mean minimum) and precipitation in Seoul during winter (1908-2015).

□ The average value of meteorological element during winter in Seoul (1908-2015)

Elements (Seoul) Winter 2015(a)

Winter 2014(b)

Normals of Winter (1981-2010)(c)

a-b a-c

Mean temperature (℃) -0.5 -0.9 -0.4 0.4 -0.1

Mean maximum temp. (℃) 4.1 3.7 3.6 0.4 0.5

Mean minimum temp. (℃) -4.3 -4.8 -4.1 0.5 -0.2

Days of rain (day) 21.0 24.0 19.7 -3.0 1.3

Sunshine duration (hour) 569.1 568.9 475.4 0.2 (100.0%) 93.7 (119.7%)

Mean cloud amount (1/10) 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0 0.0

-10℃(day) 8.0 5.0 9.4 3.0 -1.4

0℃(day) 14.0 15.0 20.1 -1.0 -6.1

Days of snow (day) 20.0 19.0 19.1 1.0 0.9

□ The average value of meteorological element during winter in Seoul in each decade (1911-2010)

Year

Mean temp.

(℃)

Mean max.

temp.

(℃)

Mean min.

temp.

(℃) Prep.

(mm) Days of rain

(day)

Sunshine duration

(hour)

Mean cloud amount

(1/10)

less than 0℃(day)

Days of snow (day) 1911-1920(a) -2.7 2.1 -7.6 71.4 21.9 539.2 4.3 27.2 29.5 25.1

1921-1930 -2.8 1.8 -7.8 93.5 22.7 498.2 4.5 31.7 30.7 24.1

1931-1940(b) -2.9 1.7 -7.3 68.0 20.9 532.3 4.1 29.1 32.0 23.8

1941-1949 -3.0 1.7 -7.9 60.8 20.4 560.3 3.9 34.3 34.0 22.9

1954-1960 -2.0 2.3 -6.3 72.0 21.0 479.4 4.2 23.1 30.0 25.0

1961-1970 -2.2 2.1 -6.0 62.8 18.5 485.5 4.2 20.4 29.3 26.5

1971-1980(c) -1.3 3.0 -4.9 74.9 21.2 454.1 4.3 13.3 24.2 23.3

1981-1990 -1.3 2.8 -4.9 71.4 20.7 490.2 4.2 14.9 25.2 22.1

1991-2000 -0.1 4.0 -3.9 68.0 19.6 465.4 3.7 6.3 15.4 20.1

2001-2010(d) -0.2 3.8 -3.7 63.0 18.6 477.4 3.7 8.7 21.8 14.9

2015(e) -0.5 4.1 -4.3 77.7 21.0 569.1 3.9 8.0 14.0 20.0

d-a 2.5 1.7 3.9 -8.4 -3.3 -61.8 -0.6 -18.5 -7.7 -10.2

d-b 2.7 2.1 3.6 -5.0 -2.3 -54.9 -0.4 -20.4 -10.2 -8.9

d-c 1.1 0.8 1.2 -11.9 -2.6 23.3 -0.6 -4.6 -2.4 -8.4

e-d -0.3 0.3 -0.6 14.7 2.4 91.7 0.2 -0.7 -7.8 5.1