이유일령에 따른 돼지의 육성성적과 행동

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동물자원연구

9 : 46-50. 1998

Annals of Animal Resources Science 9 46-50. 1998

이유일령에 따른 돼지의 육성성적과 행동*

송영한

. John J. McGlone**

강원대학교 축산대학 축산학과

Effect of Different Weaning day on Feeding Performance and Behaviour of Piglets

Young Han Song and John J. McGlone**

Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Agricu]ture, Kangwon National University

ABSTRACT

Song, Y.H., John J. McGlone. 1998. Effect of different weaning day on feeding performance and behaviour of piglets. Ann. Anim. Resources ScL

9:46~50

This study was done to determine the effect of weaning day on feeding performance and behaviour pattern of piglets. A total of 60 pigs were allotted to 15 pens with four pigs per pen and five pens per treatment. D ifferent weaning days examined in this study were 14^,21 and 28 days of age. Feeding performance significantly decreased in 14 day-weaning piglets^, during the experimental period. However, the occurrence of belly-nosing increased in the 14 day-weaning pigs. Behaviour patterns were stable when the piglets were weaned after 21 days. We conclude that pig behaviour can be influenced by weaning day would benefit from consideration of less stressful weaning day.

Key words weaning day, feeding performance, behaviour, piglets,

bûψ-nosing

1. Introduction are associated with piglets in swine production. A major issue in piglet welfare A number of significant welfare problems arises out of early weaning. Fraser and

*

본 연구는 1996년 강원대학교 기성회연구비에 의하여 연구되었음

** Departrnent of Anirnal Science and Food Technology, Texas Tech University

[Provider:earticle] Download by IP 118.70.52.165 at Monday, December 20, 2021 8:31 PM

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Broom (1982) remarked early weaning must have considerable effects on the piglets, leading to poor welfare. Early weaning leads to aberrant behaviour, including compulsive belly nosing and sucking, which is presumably an attempt to suck and find milk. Piglets showing this behaviour, such as sucking on walls and bars, may also be a result of early weaning. A recent study showed that relocation of piglets to a nursery may be a major stressor augmenting early weaning (Wood-Gush et al., 1990). The study suggest that mixing groups of early weaned piglets in the farrowing crate is less stressful than relocating to a nursery(Rollin, 1995),

The aim of this study was to determined the effects of weaning day on feeding performance and behavior of piglets.

II. Materials and Methods

Sixty crossbred (PI C terminal cross pigs) weaning pigs ( 14d, 21 d and 28d) were allotted to 15 pens, with four pigs per pen and five pens per treatment. The influence of different weaning days on feeding performance and behaviour was studied by observing each group piglets responses. Each.

group was fed the SSA -pelleted diet{ CP;

21.94%, TTU manufactured) from 14 to 28 day. Also, SSl-pelleted diet( CP; 20.63%,

TTU manufactured) was fed from 28 to 56

day. All the pigs were weekly weighed during the experimental period.

Pig beha viours in pens were recorded in 7 and 8 week old by a video camera, which was mounted on the ceiling and connected to a time-lapse VCR. Data analysis was done with the general linear model procedure of SAS( 1995). Treatments means were analysed with D uncan’s multiple test.

m. Results

Feeding performance of different weaning days are presented in Table 1. Feed intake was significantly decreased (P<.05) in the weaning 28 day weaned pigs. Weight gains of 21. 28 days weaned pigs were similar each other. However, that was significantly decreased (P(05) in the 14 day weaned pigs.

Pig weigh ts were recorded a t birth, weaning

Table 1. Feeding performance of different weaning days of age piglets

Item 14 days 21 days 28 days Feed Intake

5.83^a 6.40^a 4.42^b (lb/pig/ day)

Weight Gain

0.29^b 0.44^a 0.40^a (lb/pig/ day)

Feed Efficiency

0.05^C 0.07^b 0.09^a (gain/feed)

a.b.c Means within a row with different superscripts differ. P<0.05.

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동물자원연구 (998)

increased in the 14 days of age weaning pigs, however little difference was found between 21 and 28 days of age piglets (Fig. 1).

Table 2. Behavioural preferences of different weaning days of age piglets

28 days 21 days

14 days Item

Time spent 25

(min dav-¹)

톨 140 0210 .280

20

15

10 (m는이는-E) a드깅@φι

136 1.193 110 175

1.155 110 146ⁿ⁵

161^ns l.l33^ns Feeding

Walking Incidences (no. day-l)

Lying

23

뉴一

뉴- - - - - ^- - ^- ^뉴-

뉴- - - ^뉴- ^뉴- - - - ^- ^- ^1-

뉴- - ^뉴- --- ^- ^- ^- ^- ^1- ^- ^1- ^.

- 1- 뉴- 뉴一 - - - - ’- ^- ^뉴- -

23 21

21 19

19 17

11 13 15 17 Time (h) 11 13 15

Time (h) 120

0

25

10

10。

(

‘ⁿ

」

..c N

‘ “ I

E

)

g E

〉、

」

80

60

40

20

35

30

잉 녕

”」ζN~드E). 。c;→R〉〉

23

Fig 1. Distribution spent feeding, Iying and walking behaviour over the 24-hours for different weanlng age Plgs.

D rinking behaviour showed little difference after weaned 21 day weaned pigs. D rinking behaviour, defined as piglets touching the

21 19 15 17 13 11

30 15 9

and every week till 56 days of age. Feed efficiency during the experimental period was significantly( P(05) improved in order of 28, 21 and 14 day weaned piglets.

Behavioural preferance of different weaning days of age pigs are presented in Table 2.

Early weaning prevents pigs from satisfying their drive to suckle and therefore, may cause aberrant behaviors that jeopardize the pigs' welfare. Direct observation of each pig was conducted for 24 hours at approximately 49 days of age to compare the time spent for feeding, lying and walking, as well as the frequency of drinking, agonistic behavior and belly-nosing of another pig. The 21 days of age weaning pigs was slightly spent more time for feed intake than others.

Lying time was long in order of late weaning days of age pigs. Walking time was

30

10 3 35^ns

14^ns 20^ns Drinking

Agonistic Belly-nosing

ns N ot significant.

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at the afternoon peak than others. In the weaned pigs occurred higher a day, whereas 28 day weaned pigs were showed short peak at around 15:00 hours.

were day

belly-nosing tendency 14

over

Thus, although oral behaviour patterns in piglets, they are infrequent in semi-natural enVlronment

nipple with the snout, probably also include a component of redirected oral behaviour.

Among the treatments, agonistic behaviour showed small peak around 07: OOh and large peak a t the afternoon (Fig. 2). The peak a t 07:00 were slightly higher in the 14 day weaned pigs than in others. However, 28 day weaned pigs were showed sligh tly higher

mtenslve with

compared

1992) . The number of

weaned little

따

L U 11140 口210 .280

6.5

~ 6.0 도 cn 5.5

--= N 。 ^5.0

z 4.5

o ^4.0

~ 3.5

~ 3.0

.0 2.5

@

드 2.0

효

1.5

든 1.0

o 0.5 0.0

oral certain aspects of the environment. Belly-nosing is obviously related to the absence of the sow in early weaned pigs( Fraser, 1978)^,however other stressors may increase the incidence.

Some to gam.

related may

the behaviours

23 to

21 19 17 11 13 15

Time (h)

Redirected explorative behaviour on penmates is related to a lack of environmental stimuli. but has also been found to increase when piglets in a barren environment are exposed to a less obviously related stressor,

namely periodic draught(Scheepens et al.,

1991) .

5.0 Qì 4.5

」

ëG 4.0

‘ ‘ -

응 3.5

)

o 3‘0

>

~ 2.5

m .0 2^‘O

ü

iñ 1.5 I g ^1.0

< 0.5

0.0

Acknowledgements

23

system (D ybkjær,

agonistic might be a useful indicator of ’stress’

in older pigs,

piglets( 6-8 week old).

difference between agonistic and playing.

Belly-nosing, which occurred

14 day weaned pigs, may have contributed reduced weight

be

21 19 17 11 13 15

Time (h) 3.0

Qì 2.5

.r:

N

“ ‘

。 2.0

z

。

드 1‘5 cn

。

c

〉、 1.0

Q) 띠

0.5

Harris, Steve technical assistance during this work. This work was

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thank Stanly Hill for Jeff

authors and The

Fullwood

23

Fig 2. Distribution of drinking^,agonistic and belly-noising number over the 24-hours for different weaning age pigs.

21 19 17 13 15 11 0.0

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동물자원연구 (998)

supported by the state of Texas line item for efficient pork production and by the

V. References

Kangwon National University at Chunchon, 1. Dybkjær. L. 1992. The identification of

Korea. behaviour indicators of ’stress’ in early

weaned piglets. Applied Anim. Behav.

Sci. 35: 135-147.

N.

적 요

본 연구는 이유일령에 따른 돼지의 육성성 적과 행동패턴에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 총 60두의 돼지를 돈방당 4두씩 처리별 5반복으로 총 15톤방에 완전임의배치 하였다. 이유일령은 14 일령 21 일령 및 28 일령 으로 구분하였다. 육성성적은 14 일령 이유돈 에서 유의적 (P<0.05) 으로 낮게 나타났다. 배 꼽빨기 행동의 빈도는 14 일령 이유돈에서 증 가하는 경향을 보였다. 행동패턴은 21 일령

이후 이유돼지에서 안정적인 행동양상을 보 였다. 본 시험결과 이유일령이 돼지의 행동 에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고， 스트레 스나 이상행동을 줄이는 이유시기 결정에 영 향을 줄 것으로 보인다.

2. Fraser, A. and D .M. Broom. 1982. Farm animal behaviour and welfare. 3rd ed.

London Bailliere Tindall., P. 179-187.

3. Rollin^, B.E. 1995. Farm animal welfare:

Social, bioethical and research issues. 1st ed. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames. Iowa U.S.A., P. 73-98.

4. SAS. 1995. Statistical software. SAS Institute, Cary^,NC^,U.S.A.

5. Schæpens, C.J.M, MJ.C. Hessing, E. Laarakker,

W.G.P. Schouten. and M.J.M. Tielen. 1991.

6. Influences of intermittent daily draught on the behaviour of weaned pigs. Appl.

Anim. Behav. Sc^i.,31: 69-82.

7. Wood-Gush^,D .G.M.^,K. Vestergaard. and H.V. Petersen. 1990. The significance of motivation and environment in the development of exploration in pigs. Biol.

Behav.^,15:39-52.