2-D Seismic Navigation Data Acquisition and Quality Control for Deepwater Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺

Vol. 49, No. 2 O2012PG pp. 210-225

ܛැ૷ࠠं஺ਕැୠକԧਆୢ೶ন൞೹ॷා౸ୀ߹౫݂ࢫඨாւࠤ

׌ઽஜ

Â ୨০ก

Â ْ֜෴

Â ׌଀ਐ

Â ׌஼෹

Â ଲ෹ઽ

2-D Seismic Navigation Data Acquisition and Quality Control for Deepwater Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

Young-Jun Kim, Snons Cheong , Nam-Hyung Koo, Won-Sik Kim, Jin-Ho Kim and Ho-Young Lee

Abstract : Marine seismic data acquisition system consists of navigation system, recording system, streamer cable and seismic source. Navigation system performs the important role steering the vessel along the pre-plot survey line and measuring and calculating the position between survey vessel and deployed equipments. To develop the deepwater hydrocarbon exploration technology in the Ulleung Basin, in this technical report, we introduce the processes of navigation data acquisition and quality control conducted by navigation system of R/V Tamhae II and report those importance.

Key words : Marine seismic survey, Data acquisition, Navigation system, Tamhae II

څ أ ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐۙΒࠄ˛֨֟ࢰڹ२ࠑ֨֟ࢰ, ş΀֨֟ࢰ, ֟࣡νϢࡀۋҸ, ڼڙˣڷͿĵՁʽɰ.

२ࠑ֨֟ࢰڹćনʽࠑԸق˰͆࢒ԐԸںćԓʽڦ࠘Ϳۋʴ֨ࢅ϶, ࢒ԐԸęսܼقԴٚۍʼə࢒ԐۤҼۆ

ڦ࠘εࠑ܁фćԓॠəܼڅॢًॣںսॱॢɰ. ҆şց҃ČقԴəʴ३ڐιқݓقԴ֮३ڮÀ֟ۻ࢒Ԑ

şցÒьںڦ३ԵڮНν࢒ԐԸ࢒३2঒Ϳսॱʽ२ࠑۙΒࠄ˛фुݗěνˣۆę܁ę२ࠑۙΒࠄ˛

фुݗěνۆܼڅՁقʂ३ԴՙÒॠČۙॢɰ.

ܳڅر ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑ, ۙΒࠄ˛, २ࠑ֨֟ࢰ, ࢒३2঒

2011ț11ښ30ێۿս, 2012ț3ښ14ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț4ښ19ێóۦঝ܁

1) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙԵڮ३۹ٍĵ҆ҙ

*Corresponding Author(܁տচ) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Korea

Դ΁

ՃćԵڮÀ֟ۙڙۆъۋԜۋ500 m ۋԜ֮३قԴ

ьþʼČەڷ϶, ʂőϿ֮३ڮÀ֟ۻۆьþέۋś

՚০ݒÀ॥ق˰͆, ԸݕĶقԴə֮३قԴۆ࢒ԐՁ ėέںȭۋşڦॢ֮ҙۆݓࠗĵܓфԵڮÀ֟ҙܕ

࣢Ձࣷ؊قমڱۺۍČǦʪ࢒Ԑşցۍ5-10 km ۋԜ ۆڙäν֟࣡νϢεটڌॢ2޲ڙъԐѪ࢒Ԑ, ġѓ ڦ(WAZ; wide-azimuth) 3޲ڙ࢒Ԑф३۹ϸՅԴε

ۋڌॢɰՁқ࢒ԐÀটь০սॱʼČەڷ϶, ɰĶۺ

şغۍWesternGeco, PGS, CGG Veritas, FugroԐˣ

Ԝغۺۍ࢒ԐধԐقԴԵڮ࢒ԐεܳʪॠČەɰ(ॢĶ ݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ, 2007).

ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙقԴə ࢒३2঒ε ۋڌॢ 2޲ڙ

ф3޲ڙ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑεࣀ३ʴ३ڐιқݓ֮३ۆ

३۹ϸॠҙߎҙݓࠗۆÀ֟ॠۋ˚ͪۋ࣡ҙܕݓًࣷ

؊ںՁėۺڷͿսॱॠٕɰ. Ŕ͠ǣĶǴşցقۆ३

֮३ݓًقԴۆڙäνъԐѪ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐÀ֨ʪʽц əػɰ. 2008țԵڮėԐۆьܳͿ঒ܳWoodsideԐۆ

࢒ԐԸфşցݕںࣀ३6 km ֟࣡νϢ(streamer)εࣀ ३ʴ३قԴࠄ˛ʽ5,100 L-kmۆ ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐÀĶǴ

ڙäν 2޲ڙ ࢒Ԑۆ ڮێॢԐͻٕɰ.

ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙقԴə࢒३2঒εԐڌॠي2010 țę2011ț˃३قèߝ֮३۹ۆ҄ۡॢ۹ΪࠗۆÀ

֟ҙܕ࣢Ձʪ߻ф֮३ڮÀ֟ۻ࢒ԐşցÒьںڦ ॠي5 km ţۋۆ֟࣡νϢٮɰتॢڌ͟ۆڼڙںۋ şց҃Č

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Fig. 1. Data flow of SPECTRA navigation system.

ڌॢڙäν2޲ڙъԐѪ࢒Ԑٮ३۹ϸ࢏Ձࣷş΀ć (OBS; Ocean Bottom Seismometer)ε ۋڌॢ ɰՁқ

࢒ԐˣڷͿĵՁʽ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑεսॱॠٕɰ. ڙä ν2޲ڙъԐѪ࢒Ԑεࣀ३܁ঝॢ֮ҙݓࠗ࢏Ձࣷ

ɳϸٖԜজٮ՚ʪқԵںࣀ३НՁں܁нॠóࣷ؊ॣ

սەڷ϶, ३۹ϸ࢏Ձࣷş΀ćقݔۿş΀ʽɰՁқ

ۙΒεࣀ३PࣷфSࣷ՚ʪٮ۹ΪࠗۆÀ֟ҙܕęě ʹʽ ݓĵНν࣢ՁںқԵॣ ս ەɰ.

३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐəʂőϿۆ࢒ԐԸ, ۤҼ, ۍͳфҼ ڌۋ࣊ۓʼəۚغڷͿ, মڱۺۍ࢒Ԑսॱںڦ३Դə

սܼۤҼۻÒşց, ࢒ԐۤҼڏڌşցфЛ܃३Āɠͳ

ˣں҃ڮॠيآॢɰ(чŖज़ˣ, 1999). ŔνČ֬֨Â

ुݗěνεࣀॠي֟࣡νϢфڼڙˣۆۤҼЛ܃ٮ

şࢍٽҙۺۍۡڼڅۍ˞ں݌ÁۺڷͿࣷ؊ॠČ, ࢒ ԐۙΒۆ ुݗսܵں ঝۍ३آ ॢɰ(ĵǫ঍ ˣ, 2008).

࢒ԐԸڹйνԺćॢࠑԸں˰͆ćԓʽڦ࠘Ϳۋʴ ॠϸԴ ܁३ݕ ÂüڷͿ ڼڙں ьࣷॠ϶ ۋ˺ DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System)قۆ३ࠑ܁ʼ ə࢒ԐԸۆڦ࠘ٮ࢒ԐԸşܵڷͿսܼۤҼۆۻÒ

܁҃Àϔьࣷ۾(shot point)υɰş΀ʼرݕɰ. ş΀ʽ

܁҃ə UKOOA(United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association) ঍ࢗۆࣷێͿ۹ۤʼرݓ϶, ێʹۆुݗ

ěνεࣀ३ڼڙܼ֮۾, ėࣀܼÂ۾(CMP; common mid- point) ˣۆ ьࣷ۾ق ěॢ ܟश܁҃À प॥ʼر ەə

UKOOA ঍֩ۆP1/90 ࣷێͿχ˞رݕɰ. ۙΒߌνʽ

߯ܛ २ࠑ ۙΒ P1/90 ࣷێڹ ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐͿ ࠄ˛ʽ

SEG-D ঍֩ۆ࢏ՁࣷۙΒٮ࢏Ձࣷۻԓߌν֨ݓ঍

܁҃(geometry) ĵ߹ق Ԑڌʼر, ݓ঍ ܁҃À प॥ʽ

SEG-Y ঍֩ۆ ߯ܛ ࢏ՁࣷۙΒͿ χ˞رݕɰ.

χێÌॢܓΪ, ێş, ؙۤНˣ࢒Ԑݓًঞąقۆ ३२ࠑş΀ق࢒ԐۤҼۆۻÒ܁҃À܁ঝ০ࠑ܁ф

ćԓʼݓ؍äǣ, ওڹێʹۆुݗěνق۞Їۺڌʽ

ࣀćॡۺѺս˞ۋप॥ʽɰϸ, ݓ঍܁҃ĵ߹قٖॳں

Ǜߝ ॳ঳ ܃ۚʾ ࢏Ձࣷɳϸق ुݗ۹ॠε ߣ͒ॠ϶, ۋìڹď࢒ԐҼڌęٍćʼرݕɰ(Vidal and Moreno, 2010). ࣢০, Ԝغۺۍ࢒ԐধԐقԴԵڮ࢒Ԑεսॱॣ

ąڍقəϔࠑԸۋܛΒʾ˺υɰ२ࠑۙΒुݗÇʫ ں֬֨ॠČ, йνԺ܁ॢुݗԐتقй࠘ݓЇॢɰϸ

࢒Ԑεۦսॱॠيآॢɰ. ˰͆Դ҆şց҃Čεࣀ३

३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑۆ२ࠑۙΒࠄ˛фुݗěνقěॢ

ՙÒٮ ܼڅՁں سśॠə ćşε υʹॠČۙ ॢɰ.

҆şց҃ČقԴսॱʽ࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑəʴ३ڐιқݓ قԴ֮३ڮÀ֟ۻ࢒ԐşցÒьںڦॠي5 km ţۋ ۆ֟࣡νϢεটڌॢڙäν2޲ڙъԐѪ࢒Ԑф३ ۹ϸ࢏Ձࣷş΀ćεۋڌॢɰՁқ࢒ԐͿԴ, ֪΋Ձ

ф܁ঝՁںÀݕ२ࠑۙΒεࠄ˛ॠşڦॠيێъۺ ۍ2޲ڙ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقҼ३ψڹ२ࠑۤҼ˞ںট ڌॠٕڷ϶, ۙΒࠄ˛֨قʪ Ճ֮ॢܳۆε şڐٕɰ.

̚ॢ, Čुݗۆ२ࠑۙΒε܃ėॠşڦ३࢒ԐܛΒ঳

२ࠑۙΒुݗěνεࣀ३ėࣀܼÂ۾܁҃Àप॥ʼ ر ەə ߯ܛ P1/90 ࣷێں ܃ۚॠٕڷ϶, ࢏ՁࣷۙΒ

ۻԓߌν ՙ॒࣡ڟر ProMAX 2Dεۋڌॢ ݓ঍܁҃

ĵ߹ںࣀ३҆࢒ԐقԴࠄ˛ʽ२ࠑۙΒۆ֪΋Ձф

܁ঝՁں êݒॠٕɰ.

҆΁

२ࠑ֨֟ࢰ

ইۦ ԵڮНν࢒ԐԸق Ԑڌʼə २ࠑ֨֟ࢰڷͿə

WestenGecoԐۆ TRINAV ֨֟ࢰ, SerselԐۆ SeaPro Nav/Nautilus ֨֟ࢰ, IONԐۆConcept ֨֟ࢰˣۋە ɰ(ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ, 2007). ࢒३2঒ق࢓ۦʽ२ࠑ

֨֟ࢰڹIONԐۆConcept ֨֟ࢰڷͿԴইۦۻՃć

ԵڮНν࢒ԐԸܼ90 %ۋԜقԴԐڌʼəܛ०२ࠑ

֨֟ࢰۋɰ. Concept २ࠑ֨֟ࢰۆ ĵՁڹ ॠ˚ڟرۺ ڷͿνɁ֟ͪ˚९(Linux Redhat) ڏٖߕ܃εşъڷ Ϳĵ߹ʽ3ʂۆڗࡾ֟ࢬۋՎ(workstation) фÁܛۍ ࢢगۋ֟(interface)εɺɾॠəRTNU(Real Time Navigation Unit)ͿĵՁʼرەɰ. ŔνČՙ॒࣡ڟرۺڷͿəࡾ

ó֬֨ÂڷͿ२ࠑۙΒεࠄ˛ॠČÁܛ࢒ԐۤҼۆڦ

࠘εćԓॠيࣀ०ěνॠəSPECTRA module, ࠄ˛

ॢ२ࠑۙΒεߌνॠيČुݗۆ߯ܛ२ࠑࣷێںԦՁ ॠəSPRINT module ŔνČ3޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑεڦॢ

࠶ѣνݓ(coverage) ࣷێںԦՁфԺ܁ॠČ߯ܛҾɮ (binning) ĀęεԦՁॠəREFLEX moduleͿĵՁʼ رەɰ(Fig. 1). ҆࢒Ԑə2޲ڙ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑۍě ćͿ REFLEX moduleڹ Ԑڌʼݓ ؍ؕɰ.

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

212

Fig. 2. Configuration of 2D seismic data acquisition system.

ԸԜ२ࠑۤҼ

ԸԜ२ࠑۤҼəսܼقԴٚۍʼݓ؍Č࢒ԐԸǴق

ڦ࠘ॠəۤҼ˞ͿԴԸڦࠑ܁֨֟ࢰDGPS ؋ࢬǣ(antenna),

ۙۋͿ(gyro), ս֮ࠑ܁ş(echo-sounder) ˣۋ ەɰ. २ ࠑقԴÀܼۤڅॢìڹ࢒ԐԸęÁۤҼۆ܁ঝॢڦ

࠘ࣷ؊ę࢒ԐۤҼÂۆԜʂۺۍڦ࠘ࣷ؊ں֬֨Â ڷͿş΀фϿɦࢢτॠəìۋɰ. ۋ͠ॢ२ࠑۙΒÀ

Á࢒ԐۤҼͿࠄ˛ʽۙΒقߐÀʼϸ֪΋Ձф܁ঝ ՁںÀݕ࢒ԐۙΒÀʽɰ. ˰͆Դ࢒ԐۤҼÂۆԜʂ ۺۍڦ࠘ε܁ঝ০ࣷ؊ॠşڦ३ԴܳڅDGPS ؋ࢬ ǣε२ࠑşܵ۾(navigation reference point)ڷͿԺ܁

ॠيԐڌʽԸԜ२ࠑěʹۤҼф࢒ԐۤҼÂۆۋ üäν(offset)ε ćԓ ф ࠑ܁ॢɰ.

࢒ԐԸۆDGPSεۋڌॢԸڦࠑ܁֨֟ࢰڹ܃ۚԐѻ

١޲ф֪঒ܼɳڷͿۍॢ२ࠑۙΒۆ١ΪͿ࢒ԐÀ

ܼɳʼəìںѓݓॠşڦॠي҄սۆԸڦࠑ܁֨֟ࢰ ںԺ࠘ॢɰ. ҆࢒ԐԸقԴə2ÒۆԸڦࠑ܁֨֟ࢰں

ԐڌॠČ ەڷ϶, Ŕ ܼ ॠǣۍ C-Nav GPSε ڍԸ (primary) Ըڦࠑ܁֨֟ࢰڷͿԸ܁ॠيÀܼ࠘(weight) ε ˃ČԐڌॢɰ.

࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐۤҼۆݕս

2޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑəॢܶۆ֟࣡νϢٮɳێڼڙں

ۋڌॠيڼڙѕَں࢒ԐԸşܵ۾ܼؖԸԜق֟࣡ν

Ϣε࢒ԐԸۆݕॱѓॳܟই(port) Ǵݓڍই(starboard) قþۍॠϸԴ࢒Ԑεսॱॢɰ. ÁÁۆۤҼ˞ں࢒Ԑ Ըۆ२ࠑşܵ۾, ڼڙѕَۆܼ֮(COS; center of source), ߒѥݫսݕşŔΝ(CFG; center of first group) ф࢒

ԐԸԸй(stern) ˣںşܵڷͿॠيćԓʽڦ࠘قѕ

࠘ʾ ս ەó ݕս֨ࢇɰ(ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ, 2010).

҆࢒Ԑۆąڍ5 km ţۋۆ֟࣡νϢεԐڌॠş˺

Лق֟࣡νϢۆ֮ʪܓۼф৅رݓə঍ࢗ(feathering)

ࣷ؊ںڦॠيێϼѣ˚(bird)͆ҝνə࠻ऎ֟(compass) εԐڌॠٕɰ. ࢒ԐԸęÁۤҼÂۆԜ঒äν(range) ф

ѓڦ(bearing)ε ࣷ؊ॠş ڦॠي قرæ رͪۋ(air-gun array)ۆҙۋ(buoy)ٮ֟࣡νϢϊɳقٍĀॢࢬێҙ ۋ(tailbuoy)قИԸڷͿڦ࠘ۙΒε࢒ԐԸقբ֪ॣս

ەəRGPS(Relative GPS)εԺ࠘ॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ࢒ԐԸ ęڼڙ, ֟࣡νϢÀԺ܁ʽÂüڷͿ۞ڮݓʼϸԴþ ۍʼəìںঝۍॠşڦ३ڼॳäνࠑ܁ş(acoustic unit) εÁÁۤ޳фԺ࠘ॠٕɰ. Fig. 2ə҆࢒ԐقԴԐڌ ʽ࢒३2঒ۆ२ࠑ֨֟ࢰę३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐۙΒࠄ˛֨

֟ࢰ ĵՁں ǣࢍǶìۋɰ.

ۙΒࠄ˛Ѻս

2010țę2011țقսॱʽڙäν2޲ڙ֮३ъԐѪ

࢒Ԑəأ1,0354,578 in³ ڌ͟ۆڼڙę5 km ţۋۆ

֟࣡νϢÀԐڌʼؽɰ. ڼڙьࣷÂüڹڼڙڌ͟ق˰

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Table 1. Data acquisition parameters and equipments of 2-D / OBS deep sea survey

parameters 2010 2011

streamer length (m) 5,000 4,950

streamer depth (m) 7 7

number of channel 400 396

group interval (m) 12.5 12.5

sample interval (msec) 2 2

source volume (in³) 1,035 - 4,578 2,289 - 4,578

number of gun-array 1 - 4 2 - 4

record length (sec) 14 8 / 14

source depth (m) 5 5

source pressure (psi) 2,000 2,000

shot interval (m) 50 25 / 50

nearest offset (m) 100 100

equipments

DGPS antenna 2 2

compass 20 18

tailbuoy RGPS 1 1

gunbuoy RGPS 2 2

vessel acoustic(hull-pinger) 1 1

gun acoustic 2 2

streamer acoustic 3 3

͆25 m ̚ə50 mۋ϶, սݕşŔΝÂüڹ12.5 m, ޽ ȇսə396 ̚ə400ۋɰ. Ԣ॔τÂüڹ2 msͿԺ܁ॠ

ٕɰ. ş΀֨ÂڹьࣷÂü25 mێ˺, 8 s ̚ə50 m ь

ࣷÂüێ˺ə14 sۋ϶࢒ԐԸۆ࢒Ԑ՚ʪəأ5 Ȥ࣡

(knots)Ϳڮݓॠٕɰ. 2޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐۆܳڅۙΒࠄ

˛ѺսфԐڌʽ२ࠑ࢒ԐۤҼəTable 1قǣࢍǴؽɰ.

֟࣡νϢə࢒ԐԸۆڍই50 m ڦ࠘قԴս֮7 m Ūۋε ڮݓॠϸԴ þۍʼؽɰ. ߒ ѥݫ սݕş ŔΝ (CFG)ۋ࢒ԐԸۆşܵ۾قԴ250.25 m ঳йقڦ࠘ॠ ʪ΀֟࣡νϢεѕَॠٕČڼڙڹ6Òۆɰδڌ͟ۆ

قرæۋॢÒۆرͪۋͿĵՁʼرەڷ϶, 4Òۆر

ͪۋÀॢܓۆڼڙۋʼʪ΀Ժ܁ॠٕɰ. ڼڙѕَۆ

ܼ֮(COS)ۋ ࢒ԐԸۆ şܵ۾ę ێݔԸԜڷͿ ڦ࠘ॠ ʪ΀ þۍॠي ࢒Ԑٚ܁ࠑԸ(seismic line)ۋ ܟইѓॳ

25 m äνقڦ࠘ॠʪ΀Ժ܁ॠٕɰ. ڼڙѕَۆCOS ٮ֟࣡νϢۆCFGÂۆѧρ(offset)ۋ100 mÀʼʪ΀

ڼڙѕَۆCOSε࢒ԐԸ঳йٮ130 m ̆رݓʪ΀ݕ սॠي ٚۍʼؽɰ(Fig. 3).

҆࢒ԐقԐڌʽࠑݓॡۺѺսəՃćۺڷͿशܵজ

ʽşܵڷͿࣀڌʼəWGS84(World Geodetic System) şܵܟशćεԐڌॠٕڷ϶, ইۤ࢒Ԑф२ۺʪۚՁں

ڦॢ ٖ࣊ʪѪڹ 129°Eε ܼؖ ąԸ(central meridian) ڷͿॠəUTM(Universal Transverse Mercator) ٖ࣊Ѫ ں Ԑڌॠٕɰ.

֬֨Â२ࠑ֨֟ࢰ

࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقԴۆ २ࠑ֨֟ࢰڹ ࢒Ԑ սॱ֨ ࢒ԐԸ ęڼڙфսݕۤҼۆڦ࠘εࠑ܁, ćԓӼχ؉ɦ͆

ćনʽࠑԸق˰͆࢒ԐԸںćԓʽڦ࠘Ϳ܁ঝॠó

ۋʴ֨ࢇɰ. ŔνČ࢒ԐԸ, ڼڙфս֪ۤҼۆڦ࠘ε

܁ঝ০ԓ߻ॠşڦ३࢒ԐÀ֨ۚʼşۻقۻߕۺۍ

ѕَԜࢗεйν२ࠑ֨֟ࢰقۓͳॢɰ(чŖज़ˣ, 1999).

܁нॢ࢒ԐεսॱॠşڦॠيFig. 4ٮÏۋьࣷ۾ں

şܵڷͿ֬֨ÂϿɦࢢτʼəϿ˜࢒ԐۤҼÀێ܁֨

Â ÂüڷͿ २ࠑ֨֟ࢰڹ ࠑ܁ۙΒ˞ں ş΀ॢɰ.

࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐÀݕॱʼəʴ؋, ܓࢍ֬(bridge)قԴəц͊

ѓॳ, BSP(Bottom Speed)ٮڮ՚(WSP; Water Speed) ق˰͆࢒ԐԸ՚ʪ5 Ȥ࣡Àڮݓʼʪ΀ܓۼॠČ, २

(5)

ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

214

Fig. 3. Layout of 2-D seismic survey.

Fig. 4. Real time configuration for data timing display.

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ࠑɺɾۙÀڼڙęսݕşÂۆভѧρںćԓॠيࠑԸ ę࢒ԐԸۆভäν(DC; Distance Cross)ε२ࠑ֨֟ࢰ ڷͿܓۼॢɰ. ̚ॢ, ࠑԸۋܛΒʼČɰδࠑԸں࢒Ԑ ॠş ڦ३ ࠑԸѺąۋ ۋΘرݗ ˺قʪ ۙʴܓࢍۤ࠘

(autopilot)قۆ३२ࠑ֨֟ࢰقԴԺ܁ॢąͿε˰͆

࢒ԐԸۋۋʴॢɰ. ڍνǣ͆३؋قəرԸфرĵÀ

ψڹ֬܁ۋдͿ࢒ԐۤҼٮ߿ʮॠəڦॹॢԜডۋь Ԧॠş˺Лقܓࢍ֬قԴսʴڷͿڏॱॠي࢒ԐࠑԸ ں ۋ࢐ॠə ąڍÀ Ҿѥॠó ьԦʽɰ.

֬֨Â२ࠑ֨֟ࢰقԴəGPS, ۙۋͿ, ֟क़˚ͿŔ (speed log)ə1 sυɰۙΒÀۙʴÚ֪ʽɰ. ս֮, ࠻ऎ

֟ۆ֮ʪф৅رݙ, ڼڙս֮фؓͳ, RGPSۆäν

фѓڦ, ڼॳäνࠑ܁şۙΒˣڹϔьࣷ˺υɰÚ֪

ʼرş΀ʽɰ. Fig. 5ə࢒३2঒२ࠑ֨֟ࢰۆ֬֨Â

Ͽɦࢢτজϸں࠯ߌॢìڷͿ, ࢒Ԑսॱ֨ьԦॠə

Ͽ˜Ԝড˞ںϿɦࢢτॣսەɰ. Fig. 5(a)ə࢒Ԑࠑ Ըūݓۆۋʴ܁҃, սॱܼۍࠑԸۆ܁҃, ࢒ԐԸۆই ۦڦ࠘܁҃, GPS Ԝࢗˣ࢒Ԑٮěʹʽۻъۺۍ܁҃

˞ں҇սەɰ. Fig. 5(b)ə24Òۆقرæьࣷ֨ь Ԧʼəьࣷ֨Â޲ۋ(shot delay time), Áرͪۋۆؓ

ͳфقرæۆ֮ʪˣڼڙ֨֟ࢰۆ܁҃˞ںϿɦࢢ τॣսەڷ϶, Fig. 5(c)ə(a)ٮυ޴ÀݓͿ࢒ԐࠑԸ قěॢۻъۺۍ܁҃, ֟࣡νϢϿتۆۓߕʪ, RGPS ۆԜࢗˣںঝۍॣսەɰ. Fig. 5(d)əڼॳäνࠑ܁

şۆս࠘ۙΒ, ÁÁۆ࢒ԐۤҼ˞ںتѓॳڷͿٍĀ

֨ࢇȐ࣡ڗࡾ(network) ŔνČ࠻ऎ֟ս֮ںथϸʪͿ

ঝۍॣսەɰ. Fig. 5(d)ε҃ϸ, ࢒ԐԸۋرԸǴݓ

رĵεक़ॠşڦ३࢒ԐࠑԸقԴѫرǦìںঝۍॣ

սەڷ϶, ࢒ԐԸۆѓॳۋśü০Ѻॠٕş˺Лق࢒

ԐۤҼÂۆۋüäνεࠑ܁ॠəڼॳäνࠑ܁ۙΒÀ

йνۓͳʽۋüäνԺ܁Éęۆ١޲Àѩڦεߣęॠ يێҙࠑ܁É˞ۋӊÂԟڷͿǣࢍǦìںঝۍॣս

ەɰ. ŔνČ࠻ऎ֟ս֮थϸʪε҃óʼϸ, 16ѥݫۆ

࠻ऎ֟ÀرϐقèͲս֮أ5 mūݓ̃١δìںঝ ۍॣ սەɰ.

UKOOA ঒ঞ঍֩ۆ२ࠑۙΒ

ɰδࣷێںԺϼॠäǣ܁ۆॠə܁҃εɺəϭࢍࣷ

ێڹ҃ܓۺۍۙΒߌνεڦॢशܵজʽ঍֩ęɰتॢ

࢒ԐۤҼԐڌڷͿۍॢ܁҃ۆێ࠘Ձˣںڦॠي࢏

Ձࣷ࢒ԐԓغقԴəъ˚֨ज़څॠɰ. ۋ͠ॢज़څՁق

ۆ३ϭࢍࣷێںÒьॠşڦॠيUKOOA(United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association)ٮSEG(Society of Explor- ation Geophysicist)ə ėʴ Òьں սॱॠşʪ ॠٕɰ (SEG Technical Standards Committee, 1999). ࣢০, UKOOA

قԴ܃؋ॢي͠ϭࢍࣷێܼP1/90, P2/94, P6/98, P7/

2000 ˣڹԵڮԓغقԴԐڌʼə२ࠑۙΒۋ϶, P1/90 фP2/94 ࣷێڹ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐܛΒ঳ࢁ͆ۋس࣡قóъ

˚֨܃߻ʼرآॠəՁęुۋşʪॠɰ. P6/98 ࣷێڹ

3޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقԴۆҾɮقěॢѺսٮܟश܁҃

εÀݕۙΒۋ϶(UKOOA, 2000), P7/2000 ࣷێڹ֨

߸ ڦ࠘ ܁҃ق ěॢ २ࠑ ۙΒۋɰ(UKOOA, 2002).

P2/94 ࣷێڹ2޲ڙф3޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒Ԑقěʹʽڙ

֨ڦ࠘܁҃εÀݕP2/91 ࣷێۆ঳՚঍ࢗͿԴ, GPS ٮDGPSۆڙ֨ڦ࠘܁҃εप॥ॠČەɰ(UKOOA, 1994). P1/90 ࣷێڹ࢏ՁࣷۙΒۻԓߌν֨ݓ঍܁҃

ĵ߹قԐڌʼ϶, ॽʌ(header)قьࣷ۾υɰڼڙ, ėࣀ

ܼÂ۾Ͽڼ, սݕşÁ޽ȇقʂॢڦ࠘܁҃Àъ˚֨

܁ۆʼرآ ॢɰ(UKOOA, 1990).

҆࢒ԐقԴə࢒ԐࠑԸۋ֨ۚфܛΒÀʼϸ, ۙʴ ۺڷͿ֬֨ÂۻբʽۙΒ˞ۋي͠঍ࢗۆͿŨۙΒ (logging data)ٮڙ֨UKOOA ঒ঞ঍֩ۆP1/90 ф

P2/94 ࣷێۋԦՁʽɰ. Fig. 6(a)ۆڙ֨P1/90 ࣷێں

ԕट҃ϸ, ࢒ԐÀ֨ۚʼşۻقۓͳॢÂ͜ॢ࢒ԐԺ ϼфѓѪ, ࠑݓॡۺѺսˣۆۙΒࠄ˛Ѻս˞ۋÂ͜

ॠóॽʌقş΀ʽɰ. ŔνČϿ˜ьࣷ۾قʂ३Դ࢒

ԐԸ(V), ࢬێҙۋ(T), GPS ؋ࢬǣ(A), ڼڙѕَۆܼ֮

(S) ˣۋڦąʪфeasting, northing ÉڷͿş΀ʼČ,

֟࣡νϢÁ޽ȇۆeasting, northing É˞ۋ۹ۤʽì ںঝۍॣսەɰ. Fig. 6(b)ə२ࠑۙΒुݗěνقԴ

ՙÒʾुݗěνۼ޲εäࠚP1/90 ࣷێͿԴ, Fig. 6(a) ٮə ɵνėࣀܼÂ۾Ͽڼ(C)ۆڦ࠘܁҃εप॥ॠČ

ەə ìۋ ࣢ݜۋɰ.

२ࠑۙΒुݗěν

֬֨ÂۙʴۺڷͿ٣͆ۍʚۋࢢѮۋ֟(online database) ق۹ۤʽ ͿŨۙΒ, P1/90 ф P2/94 ࣷێں ١॒͆ۍ

ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟(offline database)ق ۏر ˞ي ԸԜقԴ

ۦߌνεսॱॢɰ. ҆࢒ԐقԴۆ२ࠑۙΒुݗěνə

SPRINT Ͽ˗ںࣀ३ڙ֨P2/94ࣷێںFig. 7ۆ৔ζʪ ٮÏۋսॱॠóʼϸ, ڙ֨P1/90 ࣷێقҼ३҃ɰ܁

ঝՁ ф֪΋Ձۋ ॳԜʽ P1/90 ࣷێۋ ܃ۚʽɰ.

ۻߌν(Pre-Process)ę܁ڹGPS, ۙۋͿ, ࠻ऎ֟, ڼॳ ࠑ܁äν, RGPS, ࢒ԐۤҼ֮ʪ, ս֮ˣڷͿܛΪѻͿ

қΪॠČ ěࠑ ۙΒۆ ࣢ՁѻͿ शܵठ޲ε Ժ܁ॢɰ.

ۋԜ࠘(spike) ф ۡڼ(noise) ˣۋ ěࠑʽ ĵÂقԴə

óۋࣶ/ज़ࢢτ(gating/filtering)ں ॠČ, ۙΒÀ ێҙ ՙ

֬ʽ ĵÂڹ Ǵԙ/ٽԙ(interpolation/extrapolation)ॢɰ.

Áěࠑܼ࠘ێěʽҼ܁ԜÉقʂॠيҼটՁজεࣀ ॠيۦߌνقԴѕ܃ॣսʪەɰ. ŔνČ֟࣡νϢۆ

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

216

(a)

(b)

Fig. 5. Screen captures of real-time monitoring of SPECTRA system. (a) Display for information of survey line and GPS state, (b) display for information of gun depth, timing and pressure, (c) display for information of survey line, streamer feather/depth and RGPS state and (d) display for information of acoustic range, network and streamer state.

(8)

(c)

(d)

Fig. 5. Screen captures of real-time monitoring of SPECTRA system. (a) Display for information of survey line and GPS state, (b) display for information of gun depth, timing and pressure, (c) display for information of survey line, streamer feather/depth and RGPS state and (d) display for information of acoustic range, network and streamer state. (Continued)

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

218

(a)

(b)

Fig. 6. Comparison raw P1/90 file with the processed P1/90 file for survey line 10DS-002. (a) Raw P1/90 file and (b) processed P1/90 file.

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Fig. 7. Flowchart of offline processing.

঍ࢗćԓę܁قԴێҙ࠻ऎ֟ۆठॳۋěࠑʼəą ڍ ۋε܃ٽॠə ुݗěνε ॠşʪ ॢɰ.

Fig. 8ڹࠑԸ11DS-002قʂॢۻߌνę܁ۆێҙ εজϸ࠯ߌॢìڷͿսथ߹ۍьࣷ۾ںşܵڷͿϿ

˜ۙΒÀ۹ۤʼرەɰəìںঝۍॣսەɰ. Fig.

8قԴ(a)ٮ(b)ə࢒ԐԸܳڅGPSۆnorthing фeasting

ۙΒۋ϶, (c)əۙۋͿۙΒۋɰ. (d)ə࢒ԐԸęÀۤ

ÀŲóڦ࠘ॢߒѥݫ࠻ऎ֟, (e)əܼÂݓ۾ۆ࠻ऎ

֟, (f)əÀۤϥνڦ࠘ॢ࠻ऎ֟ۆۙΒۋɰ. ŔνČ

(g)ə࢒ԐԸę֟࣡νϢ˃ѥݫقٍĀʽڼॳäνࠑ

܁ۤ࠘ۆۙΒۋ϶, (h)ٮ(i)əࢬێҙۋRGPSۆäν

фѓڦۆۙΒۋɰ. ÁŔ॒͒قԴ҃͆ԟԸڹ֬܃ࠑ

܁ʽۙΒۋ϶, Ȥ͈ԟԸڹࣀćॡۺѓѪقۆ३ߌν À ʽ ۙΒۋɰ. ߒ ѥݫ ۾ԸڷͿ ʼرەə ьࣷ۾

1588ںş۾ڷͿ࢒ԐԸۋࠑԸԜۆرԸфرĵεक़ ३śü০ѓॳںԸধॢìںFigs. 8(a)(c)εࣀ३؎

ս ەڷ϶, ֟࣡νϢق ۤ޳ʽ ࠻ऎ֟ۆ ۙΒ˞قԴʪ

ڮԐॢąॳں҇սەɰ. ࣢০, ۙۋͿۙΒ(Fig. 8(c)) εࣀ३࢒ԐԸۋ90° ѓॳ݌, ʴޅڷͿݕॱॠɰÀۤ

ؙНںक़ॠşڦ३١δޅڷͿѓॳںԸধॠٕɰÀɰ

֨ٿޅѓॳڷͿԸধॢìں؎սەɰ. ࢒ԐԸقԴ5 kmۋԜ ̆ر܋ ەə ֟࣡νϢ ϊɳق ۤ޳ʽ ࠻ऎ֟

(Fig. 8(f))ٮࢬێҙۋRGPSۆѓڦ(Fig. 8(h))قԴً

֨ڮԐॢąॳۋǣࢍǣݓχ, ࢒ԐԸҙŖقۤ޳ʼر

ەə࠻ऎ֟قҼ३ԴəŔ܁ʪÀأॢìں؎սە ɰ. ŔνČࠑԸۋ֨ۚʾ˺֟࣡νϢÀێݔԸڷͿड ߝݓݓ؍ڹԜࢗͿьࣷÀ֨ۚʽìںঝۍॣսەɰ.

υݓφڷͿFigs. 8(g)ٮ(i)εࣀ३࢒ԐԸۆѓॳԸধ قۆ३࢒ԐۤҼÂۆۋüäνقʂॢ١޲ÀьԦॠ

϶, ѓॳںԸধॠϸ֟࣡νϢÀ৅ر܋Դ࢒ԐۤҼÂۆ

Âüۋ տÂۺڷͿ Àūڗݓə ìں ঝۍॣ ս ەɰ.

Ȑ࣡ڗࡾ ܓۼ(Network Adjust)ɳćə ۋۻ ɳćقԴ

ćԓʽěࠑ࠘GPS, ࠻ऎ֟৅رݙ, ڼॳࠑ܁äν, RGPS ۆäνфѓڦˣۆۙΒ˞ںتѓॳȐ࣡ڗࡾͿКر Դ࢒ԐԸ, ڼڙфսݕşˣۆѕَ঍ࢗεۦĵইॠə

ę܁ۋɰ. 2޲ڙ࢒Ԑۆąڍ, ࢒ԐࠑԸۆভѓॳęܛ ѓॳ ۋüق ʂॠي սॱʽɰ. ۋ ę܁قԴ Ѻজ͟

(variance factor)ۋԓ߻ʼرݓ϶, ԓ߻ʽĀęÀࢀą ڍۋۻɳćۍۻߌνę܁ںɰ֨ъ҄ॠóʽɰ. қԵ (Analysis)ڹۦߌνÁę܁ܼज़څقۆ३Ը࢘ۺڷͿ

սॱʼ϶, ֨ćَŔ॒͒εप॥ॢɰتॢ঍ࢗۆŔ͒

॒Ϳ ěࠑ࠘ٮćԓ࠘ε ҼİқԵॣ ս ەɰ.

Fig. 6(b)əुݗěνÀٰΒʽ߯ܛ२ࠑۙΒP1/90

ࣷێۆێҙқڷͿԴ, Figs. 6(a)ٮ(b)ۆঝʂʽҙқں

҃óʼϸ, ڙ֨фुݗěνʽP1/90 ࣷێϿ˃ڼڙѕ

َۆ ܼ֮(S), ࢒ԐԸ(S), ࢬێҙۋ(T), GPS ؋ࢬǣ(A) ˣۆڦ࠘܁҃ˣۋş΀ʼرەəìں؎սەɰ. ॠ ݓχ, ؘقԴسśॢцٮÏۋुݗěνʽP1/90 ࣷێ قəս֮ࠑ͟ş(E)ۆڦ࠘܁҃Ӽχ؉ɦ͆, ۙΒߌν

֨ ݓ঍܁҃ۓͳق ъ˚֨ ज़څॢ ėࣀܼÂ۾ Ͽڼ(C) ۆڦ࠘ ܁҃À प॥ʼر ەəìں ঝۍॣ ս ەɰ.

ݓ঍܁҃ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟ĵ߹фইۤۙΒٮॽʌێ࠘

ԵڮÀ֟࢒ݓεڦॢ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقԴڼڙфսݕş

ˣۆڦ࠘ۙΒÀҙ܁ঝॠóন˛ʾąڍ, ߯ܛ२ࠑۙ

ΒقԴԦՁʽėࣀܼÂ۾Ͽڼڦ࠘܁҃قٖॳںй

࠘óʽɰ. ̚ॢ, ࢏Ձࣷۻԓߌνߣşɳćۍݓ঍܁҃

ĵ߹قٖॳںй࠘óʼرॳ঳܃ۚʾ࢏Ձࣷɳϸق

ुݗ۹ॠεߣ͒ॠóʽɰ(Gikas et al., 1999; Vidal and Moreno, 2010). ˰͆Դݓ঍܁҃ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟ĵ߹ɳ ćقԴ२ࠑۙΒۆ֪΋Ձф܁ঝՁںٚԜॣսەɰ.

ڼڙęÁսݕşŔΝۆڦ࠘ق३ɾॠəݓ঍܁҃ε

ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟ͿۚՁॠيěνॠČ, ۋ˞܁҃εۋڌॠي

ۻԓߌνۙΒۆॽʌٮێ࠘֨ࡈۻԓߌνεսॱॠóʽ

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

220

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 8. Screen captures of pre-processing for survey line 11DS-002. (a) Northing data of primary GPS, (b) easting data of primary GPS, (c) gyro data, (d) front compass data, (e) middle compass data, (f) tail compass data, (g) acoustic data, (h) bearing data of tailbuoy RGPS and (i) range data of tailbuoy RGPS.

(12)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Fig. 8. Screen captures of pre-processing for survey line 11DS-002. (a) Northing data of primary GPS, (b) easting data of primary GPS, (c) gyro data, (d) front compass data, (e) middle compass data, (f) tail compass data, (g) acoustic data, (h) bearing data of tailbuoy RGPS and (i) range data of tailbuoy RGPS. (Continued)

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

222

(g)

(h)

(i)

Fig. 8. Screen captures of pre-processing for survey line 11DS-002. (a) Northing data of primary GPS, (b) easting data of primary GPS, (c) gyro data, (d) front compass data, (e) middle compass data, (f) tail compass data, (g) acoustic data, (h) bearing data of tailbuoy RGPS and (i) range data of tailbuoy RGPS. (Continued)

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(a) (b)

Fig. 9. Quality control in geometry process for survey line 10DS-003. (a) Fold numbers of CDP and (b) CDP fold map with respect to XY coordinates.

ɰ. ҆ ٍĵقԴə ࢏ՁࣷۙΒߌν ՙ॒࣡ڟر ProMAX 2DεۋڌॠيSEG-D 8048 ঍֩ڷͿࠄ˛ʽ࢏Ձࣷۙ

Βۆॽʌقەəьࣷ܁҃ε߯ܛुݗěνʽ२ࠑۙ

ΒP1/90ࣷێۆьࣷ܁҃ٮێ࠘֨ࢉڷͿ׆ݓ঍܁҃ε

Ā०ॠóʽɰ. ݓ঍܁҃Àۓͳۋʼϸ, ࢒ԐۤҼۆѕ

َ, ڼڙ, սݕşфҾɮˣۆ܁҃ÀÀϿ˃࣡ͪۋ֟

ॽʌ(trace header)ق۹ۤۋʼ϶, ̚ॢܼ०фĵܓ҃

܁ˣėࣀܼÂ۾Ͽڼ(CDP gater, common depth point gather)ںۋڌॢۻԓߌνεսॱॣսەóʽɰ(ťڙ

֩ˣ, 2010; ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ, 2010).

2010ț2޲ڙ࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐəŔΝÂü12.5 m؂400

޽ȇսݕşقڼڙьࣷÀ50 m ÂüڷͿۋΘر܋ş

ܼܵ०ս(fold)ə50ۋʽɰ. Fig. 9(a)əࠑԸ10DS-003 ۆė֮۾ق˰δşܼܵ०ս, (b)əܟश۾ق˰δş

ܼܵ०սεʪ֨ॢìڷͿ, ʂҙқ50Òۆܼ०սε҃

ۋČەɰ. ێҙݓ۾قԴьࣷۙΒɀ͇ф֟࣡νϢۆ

৅رݙ, ࠑԸۋ࢐ˣۆԐڮقۆ३± 1Ò܁ʪۆ١޲

À҃ۋəìںঝۍॣսەݓχ, ۻԓߌνقࢀٖॳں

йࠜ܁ʪÀ؉ɦş˺Лقݓ঍܁҃ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟À܁

ঝ০ĵ߹ʼؽڼںঝۍॣսەɰ. ێʹۆ࢏Ձࣷۻԓ ߌνę܁ۋϿ˃ٰΒʼϸ, ॽʌق२ࠑ܁҃Àप॥ʼ رەə SEG-Y ঍֩ۆ ࢏ՁࣷۙΒͿ ܃ۚʼرݕɰ.

Ā΁

ĶǴʴ३ڐιқݓقԴ֮३۹۹Ϊࠗҙܕ࣢Ձʪ

߻ф֮३ڮÀ֟ۻ࢒ԐşցÒьںڦॠي2010țę

2011țق࢒३2঒εԐڌॠي5 km ţۋۆ֟࣡νϢε

ۋڌॢڙäν2޲ڙъԐѪ࢒Ԑٮ३۹ϸ࢏Ձࣷş΀

ćε ۋڌॢ ɰՁқ࢒ԐÀ սॱʼؽɰ.

҆३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقԴۆۙΒࠄ˛֨֟ࢰڹ२ࠑ֨֟

ࢰ, ş΀֨֟ࢰ, ֟࣡νϢࡀۋҸ, ڼڙˣڷͿĵՁʼؽ ɰ. ३ت࢏Ձࣷ࢒ԐقԴۆ२ࠑ֨֟ࢰڹćনʽࠑԸق

˰͆ ࢒ԐԸۆ ڦ࠘ε ۋʴ֨ࢅ϶, ࢒ԐԸę սܼقԴ

ٚۍʼə࢒ԐۤҼÂۆڦ࠘εࠑ܁фćԓॠəًॣں

սॱॠş˺Лقڼڙфսݕşˣۆڦ࠘ۙΒÀҙ܁

ঝॠóন˛ʾąڍ࢏Ձࣷɳϸुݗ۹ॠф࢒ԐҼڌ

ˣقٍěʽɰ. ˰͆Դ҆࢒ԐقԴə5 km ţۋۆ֟࣡

νϢф4ÒۆقرæرͪۋÀԐڌʼؽş˺Лقݕս ʽ࢒ԐۤҼۆۻÒ܁҃ε܁ঝ০ࣷ؊ॠşڦॠي, ä ν, ঍ࢗфѓڦˣںࠑ܁ॣսەə࠻ऎ֟, RGPS, ڼॳäνࠑ܁ۤ࠘ˣۆ२ࠑۤҼ˞ں֟࣡νϢфقر æرͪۋقÁÁۤ޳֨ࡎɰ. ݕսʽ࢒ԐۤҼ˞ںت ѓॳȐ࣡ڗࡾͿĵՁॠي࢒ԐÀݕॱʼəʴ؋֬֨Â

Ͽɦࢢτںࣀ३֪΋Ձф܁ঝՁںÀݕ२ࠑۙΒε

ࠄ˛ॠٕɰ.

ࠄ˛ʽUKOOA ঒ঞ঍֩ۆڙ֨P2/94 ࣷێڹۻߌ ν, Ȑ࣡ڗࡾܓۼ, қԵˣۆ२ࠑۙΒुݗěνę܁ں

äߝėࣀܼÂ۾Ͽڼۆڦ࠘܁҃Àप॥ʼرەə߯

ܛP1/90 ࣷێۋ܃ۚʼəìںঝۍॠٕɰ. ߯ܛԦՁ ʽ२ࠑۙΒP1/90 ࣷێę҆࢒ԐقԴࠄ˛ʽ࢏Ձࣷۙ

ΒSEG-D 8048 ࣷێڹ࢏Ձࣷۻԓߌνεࣀ३ݓ঍܁

҃ʚۋࢢѮۋ֟ĵ߹ę܁ۋսॱʼؽɰ. ۋę܁ںࣀ ३ܼ०սəۻъۺڷͿşܼܵ०սε߿ܔ॥ںঝۍॠ

ٕڷ϶, ֪΋Ձф܁ঝՁںÀݕ२ࠑۙΒÀࠄ˛ʽì ں ঝۍॣ ս ەؽɰ.

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ťٖܵ · ܁տচ · ĵǫ঍ · ťڙ֩ · ťݕ঒ · ۋ঒ٖ

224

ԐԐ

ٍ҆ĵəݓ֩ą܃ҙ“֮३ڮÀ֟ۻ࢒ԐфۙΒߌ νşցÒь” ԐغۆێঞڷͿսॱʼؽ֥ɦɰ. ইۤ࢒

ԐۙΒࠄ˛قψڹʪړں֪ܳॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙԵ ڮ३۹ٍĵ҆ҙ ३۹Нν࢒Ԑٍĵ֬ ٍĵڙ˞ę ࢒३2

঒ Ըчݔڙ˞ƍ ֮֮ॢ ÇԐε ˚ςɦɰ.

޷ČЛॶ

ْ֜෴, ׌଀ਐ, ׌ࣦહ, ୨০ก, ׌ઽஜ, କܛֽ, ଲ෹ઽ, ࢮ

ֽෂ, 2008, “૷ࠠं஺ԧਆ෇ଲ݁ߑଲൈ2/3ఙ଀೶ন

൞೹ॷୀ߹౫݂ࢫඨாւࠤ,”ࢄࠤ೹ॷ,୪11֫2෹, pp. 127-136.

׌଀ਐ, ࢮֽෂ, ׌෮ܑ, ୨০ก, ْ֜෴, ଲ෹ઽ, ࢮଭথ, 2010, “۩వ-଀ॺܑැୠഉٮऀ஺୺ॷࠜ଍෉ۚଵతٮ

೶ন൞ୀ߹ଭ୨ࢤళࠤࢫंজ,” ஺֜ࢄࠤ૕ࢄࠤ೹ॷ, ୪13֫ 4෹, pp. 336-348.

ࢮֽෂ, ଲ෹ઽ, ْ֜෴, ׌լૈ, Գࡿ็, ୋন෴, ׌ઽՍ, 1999, “೹ැ2෹ଭ240తٮැઑ೶ন൞೹ॷୀ߹౫݂,”

ࢄࠤ೹ॷ, ୪2֫2෹, pp. 77-85.

෉֝஺ாୀ଀઴֜଀, 2010, ැୠ஺ாܑୁন࣪ճছ,஺ਐ լ୪ऀ, GP2010-013-2010(1).

෉֝஺ாୀ଀઴֜଀, 2007, ೹ැ2෹೹ॷୋण׆ۇճܑฃ

ࠜ଍෉׆ฏ઴֜࣪ճছ,෉֝஺ாୀ଀઴֜଀, JP2007- 008-2007(1).

Gikas, V., Cross, P. A. and Ridyard, D., 1999, “Reliability analysis in dynamic systems: Implications for positioning seismic networks,” Geophysics, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp.

1014-1022.

SEG Technical Standards Committee, 1999, SEG-UKOOA Ancillary Data Standard - Metafile Format Description Version 1.0.

U.K. Offshore Operators Association(Surveying and Positioning Committee), 1990, P1/90 Post Plot Data Exchange Tape 1990 Format.

U.K. Offshore Operators Association(Surveying and Positioning Committee), 1994, P2/94 Exchange Format for Raw Marine Positioning Data.

U.K. Offshore Operators Association(Surveying and Positioning Committee), 2000, UKOOA Data Exchange Format P6/98 Definition of 3D Seismic Binning Grids, Revision 3.0.

U.K. Offshore Operators Association(Surveying and Positioning Committee), 2002, UKOOA Data Exchange Format P7/2000 Format for Well Deviation Data, Revision 5.

Vidal, D. and Moreno, A., 2010, “Statistical parameter flexibility for processing navigation data,” The Leading Edge, Vol. 29, pp. 414-416.

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