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(1)

변형 문제 (160문제)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

18번 ~ 40번 (도표/실용문/장문 제외) 선답형 문제 : 80문제

서술형 문제 : 80문제

(2)

cony 선생님 Young K 선생님 달링 선생님 민트향기조아 선생님

서희쌤 선생님 안녕청아 선생님 올리비아배 선생님 장돼지 선생님

준현아빠 선생님 파란소 선생님 푸른돌 선생님 흑곰 선생님

ciero_신성814 선생님 (경북성주/Kim's Eng)

Diana 선생님

(전남여수/강철수어학원)

Gina Jang 선생님 (충남부여/종로엠스쿨)

Henna 선생님 (경기광명/이화영어) Joshua 선생님

(부산/내신영어)

jeongs123 선생님 (대구/학문당 입시학원)

Landon 선생님 (제주/메드스쿨)

Mel쌤 선생님 (충남아산/에이스학원) neown 선생님

(경기양평/BOM학원)

SGS 선생님 (대전/나린학원)

김태이 선생님

(김해/잉글리시아이 제니스점)

김진아 선생님 (인천주안/정문학원) 갈쌤 선생님

(경기김포/GTC영어)

동깨비 선생님 (부산명륜동/봉선생영어)

문정혁 선생님 (안양평촌/록키 영어학원)

서원이고모 선생님 (부산영도/과외) 이상준 선생님

(전남목포/개인과외)

윤은총 선생님

(대전법동/에릭쌤영어교실)

전진아 선생님

(인천/Jina English 송도점)

제주귀요미 선생님 (제주/에이투지 영어) 택샘/김택수 선생님

(인천/부개제일학원)

하원예원아빠 선생님 (서울노원/탑그린영어)

현민음아빠 선생님 (경기남양주/서연고영어)

이상 문제출제를 위해 수고하신 35명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.

검수를 위해 수고하신 아잉카 스텝진 25명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.

기획 편집 esperanto79 선생님(아잉카 아카데미 거제 캠퍼스) 최종 감수 Isaac 선생님

Our English Cafe 변형문제 검수

Our English Cafe 변형문제 편집 및 감수

Our English Cafe 변형문제 제작위원

(3)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

1. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?1)

[201811H1_18목적추론_변형]

Dear Mr. John Smith,

I am a staff member at the Eastville Library, and I work weekday afternoons. Each day, as school closes, dozens of students come to the library to do homework, use the library’s computers, or socialize in a safe place. Many of these children would otherwise go home to empty houses, and the library is the one place that provides a secure, supervised alternative to being home alone. Your proposed policy of closing libraries on Mondays as a cost cutting measure could be harmful to these children, and I’m certain there are other ways to save money. I urge you and other city council representatives to cancel the plan and to keep libraries open!

Sincerely, Kyle Tucker

① 도서관을 계속 열어야 한다.

② 도서관은 더 안전해야 한다.

③ 도서관 비용 절감을 위한 정책이 필요하다.

④ 학생들의 안전을 생각하는 도서관이 되어야 한다.

⑤ 학생들이 과제를 할 수 있도록 컴퓨터를 더 제공해야 한다.

2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?2)

[201811H1_19심경추론_변형]

Clara, an 11-year-old girl, sat in the back seat of her mother’s car with the window down. The wind from outside blew her brown hair across her ivory pale skin

― she sighed ① deeply. She was sad about moving and was not smiling. Her heart ② felt like it hurt. The fact ③ that she had to carry everything she knew broke her heart. Eleven years ― that was a long time to be in one place and build memories and ④ making friends. She had been able to finish out the school year with her friends, which was nice, but she feared she ⑤ would face the whole summer and the coming school year alone. Clara sighed heavily.

3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?3)

[201811H1_20주장추론_변형]

If you were at a social gathering in a large building and you ① overheard someone say that “the roof is on fire,” what would be your reaction? Until you knew more information, your first inclination might be toward safety and survival. But if you were to find out that this particular person was talked about a song called “The Roof Is on Fire,” your feelings of threat and danger ② would have been diminished. So once the additional facts are understood ― that the person was ③ referring to a song and not a real fire ― the context is better understood and you are in a better position to judge and ④ react. All too often people react far too quickly and emotionally over information without establishing context. It is so important for us to identify context related to information ⑤ because if we fail to do so, we may judge and react too quickly.

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?4)

[201811H1_21요지추론_변형]

Imagine that your body is a battery and the more energy this battery can store, the more energy you will be able to have within a day. Every night when you sleep, this battery is ① recharged with as much energy as you spent during the previous day. If you want to have a lot of energy tomorrow, you need to spend a lot of energy today. Our brain consumes only 20% of our energy, so it’s a must to ② compliment thinking activities with walking and exercises that spend a lot of energy, so that your ③ internal battery has more energy tomorrow. Your body stores as much energy as you need: for thinking, for moving, for doing exercises. The more ④ active you are today, the more energy you spend today and the more energy you will have to burn tomorrow. Exercising gives you more energy and ⑤ keeps you from feeling exhausted.

* supplement: 보충하다

(4)

5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?5)

[201811H1_22주제추론_변형]

When we read a number, we are more influenced by the leftmost digit than by the rightmost, since that is the order ① in which we read, and process, them. The number 799 feels significantly less than 800 because we see the former as 7-something and the latter as 8-something, whereas 798 feels pretty much like 799.

Since the nineteenth century, shopkeepers have taken advantage of this trick by choosing prices ending in a 9, to give the impression that a product is cheaper than it ② does. Surveys show that around a third to two-thirds of all retail prices now ③ end in a 9.

Though we are all experienced shoppers, we are still fooled. In 2008, researchers at the University of Southern Brittany ④ monitored a local pizza restaurant that was serving five types of pizza at €8.00 each.

When one of the pizzas was reduced in price to €7.99,

⑤ its share of sales rose from a third of the total to a half.

6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?6)

[201811H1_23제목추론_변형]

In a competitive environment, such as a college admissions process or a job application situation, almost everyone has strong qualifications. Almost everyone has facts in their favor. But ① how valuable are facts alone? Think back to the most recent lecture or presentation you ② attended. How many facts do you remember from it? If you’re ③ alike most people, you can’t recall many, if any. Chances are good, however, that you remember stories, anecdotes, and examples from the event, even if you can’t think of their exact context. The average person today is

④ flooded with facts and data, and we let most of this pass through our brains with minimal retention or reaction ― ⑤ if something doesn’t make the information stand out in a meaningful way. That’s where story comes in.

* retention: 기억

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은? 7)

[201811H1_25내용일치_변형]

Born in 1867 in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charles Henry Turner was an early pioneer in the field of insect behavior. His father owned an ① extensive library where Turner became fascinated with reading about the habits and behavior of insects. ② Proceeding with his study, Turner earned a doctorate degree in zoology, the first African American to do so. Even after receiving his degree, Turner was ③ unable to get a teaching or research position at any major universities, possibly as a result of racism. He moved to St. Louis and taught biology at Sumner High School, focusing on research there until 1922. Turner was the first person to discover that insects are ④ incapable of learning, illustrating that insects can alter behavior based on previous experience. He died of cardiac disease in Chicago in 1923. During his 33-year career, Turner published more than 70 papers. His ⑤ last scientific paper was published the year after his death.

* cardiac: 심장의

(5)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

8. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은?8)

[201811H1_28어법추론_변형]

The belief that humans have morality and animals don’t is such a longstanding assumption that it could well be called a habit of mind, and bad habits, as we all know, (A) [is / are] extremely hard to break. A lot of people have caved in to this assumption because it is easier to deny morality to animals than to deal with the complex effects of the possibility that animals have moral behavior. The historical tendency, framed in the outdated dualism of us versus them, is strong enough to make a lot of people B) [cling / to cling] to the status quo. Denial of who animals are conveniently (C) [allow/ allows] for maintaining false stereotypes about the cognitive and emotional capacities of animals. Clearly a major paradigm shift is needed, because the lazy acceptance of habits of mind has a strong influence on how animals are understood and treated.

* dualism: 이원론(二元論) ** status quo: 현재 상태

(A) (B) (C)

① is cling allows

② is to cling allow

③ are to cling allows

④ are to cling allow

⑤ are cling allow

9. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은? 9)

[201811H1_29어휘추론_변형]

We notice repetition among confusion, and the opposite: we notice a break in a repetitive pattern. But how do these arrangements make us feel? And what about “perfect” regularity and “perfect” chaos? Some repetition gives us a sense of security, in that we know (A) [that / what] is coming next. We like some predictability. We arrange our lives in largely repetitive schedules. Randomness, in organization or in events, is more challenging and more frightening for most of us.

With “perfect” chaos we are frustrated by having to adapt and (B) [react / reacting] again and again. But

“perfect” regularity is perhaps even more horrifying in its monotony than randomness (C) [does / is]. It implies a cold, unfeeling, mechanical quality. Such perfect order does not exist in nature; there are too many forces working against each other. Either extreme, therefore, feels threatening.

(A) (B) (C)

① that react does

② that reacting is

③ what reacting does

④ what reacting is

⑤ what react is

10. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말 로 가장 적절한 것은?10)

[201811H1_30지칭추론_변형]

Albert Einstein once boarded a train from Philadelphia. The conductor came around to punch the tickets and said, “Ticket, please.” Einstein reached into his vest pocket for the ticket, but did not find it. He checked his jacket pocket. No ticket. He checked his brief case. But still, he could not find his ticket. The conductor, noting his obvious (A) [distress / enjoyment], kindly said, “I know who you are, Dr. Einstein. Don’t worry about your ticket.” Several minutes later the conductor turned around from the front of the traincar to see Einstein continuing to search under his seat for the missing ticket. Quickly, he hurried back to (B) [assess / assure] the gray-haired gentleman. “Dr.

Einstein, Dr. Einstein, I know who you are!” he repeated. “Please don’t worry about your ticket.” Dr.

Einstein slowly (C) [arose / aroused] from his knees and addressed the young conductor. “Son, you don’t understand. I, too, know who I am. What I don’t know is where I’m going.”

(A) (B) (C)

① distress assess aroused

② distress assure aroused

③ distress assure arose

④ enjoyment assess aroused

⑤ enjoyment assure arose

(6)

11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 11)

[201811H1_31빈칸추론_변형]

If you follow science news, you will have noticed that cooperation among animals has become a hot topic in the mass media. For example, in late 2007 the science media widely reported a study by Claudia Rutte and Michael Taborsky suggesting that rats display what they call “generalized reciprocity.” They each provided help to an unfamiliar and unrelated individual, based on their own previous experience of having been helped by an unfamiliar rat. Rutte and Taborsky trained rats in a cooperative task of pulling a stick to obtain food for a partner. Rats who had been helped previously by an unknown partner were more likely to help others. Before this research was conducted, generalized reciprocity was thought to be unique to humans.

① Are Rats Social Animals?

② Are Humans Truly Cooperative?

③ Animals That Remember the Past

④ The Importance of Helping Each Other

⑤ Cooperation: What Humans and Animals Have in Common

12. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 12)

[201811H1_32빈칸추론_변형]

We have to recognize that there always exists in us the strongest need to utilize all our attention. And this is quite evident in the great amount of displeasure we feel any time the entirety of our capacity for attention is not being put to use. When this is the case, we will seek to find outlets for our unused attention. If we are playing a chess game with a weaker opponent, we will seek to supplement this activity with another: such as watching TV, or listening to music, or playing another chess game at the same time. Very often this reveals itself in unconscious movements, such as playing with something in one’s hands or pacing around the room; and if such an action also serves to increase pleasure or relieve displeasure, all the better.

* supplement: 보충하다

① Ways to Lengthen Our Attention Span

② Pleasure: Engine for Our Brains to Work

③ Find Your Outlets for Unrelieved Feelings

④ Why Try to Do Another While Doing Something?

⑤ How Strong Is Our Concentration Supposed to Be?

13. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?13)

[201811H1_33빈칸추론_변형]

From an economic perspective, a short-lived event can become an ① innovative event if it generates goods and services that can be sold to people, in particular to those from outside the locality. The remarkable growth of art exhibitions, cultural festivals and sports competitions, for example, can be analysed in this light. They are temporary activities that can

② attract large numbers of outsiders to a locality, bringing in new sources of income. But even here, there is a ③ two-way interaction between the event and the context. The existence of an infrastructure, a reputation, a history of an activity for an area may have important effects on the economic success or failure of an event. In other words, events do not take place in a ④ vacuum. They depend on an existing context which has been ⑤ unfulfilled for a long time.

The short-lived event, therefore, would be performed in relation to this long-term context.

* infrastructure: 기반 시설

(7)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

14. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은? 14)

[201811H1_34빈칸추론_변형]

Interestingly, in nature, the more powerful species have a narrower field of vision. The distinction between predator and prey offers a clarifying example of this. The key feature that distinguishes predator species from prey species (A) [isn’t / aren’t] the presence of claws or any other feature related to biological weaponry. The key feature is the position of their eyes. Predators evolved with eyes (B) [facing / faced] forward ― which allows for binocular vision that offers accurate depth perception when pursuing prey.

Prey, on the other hand, often have eyes facing outward, maximizing peripheral vision, which allows the hunted (C) [detect / to detect] danger that may be approaching from any angle. Consistent with our place at the top of the food chain, humans have eyes that face forward. We have the ability to gauge depth and pursue our goals, but we can also miss important action on our periphery.

* depth perception: 거리 감각 ** periphery: 주변

(A) (B) (C)

① aren’t facing detect

② aren’t faced detect

③ isn’t facing detect

④ isn’t faced to detect

⑤ isn’t facing to detect

15. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?15)

[201811H1_35무관한문장_변형]

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could take your customers by the hand and guide each one through your store while pointing out all the great products you would like them to consider buying? Most people, however, would not particularly enjoy having a stranger grab their hand and drag them through a store. Rather, let the store do it for you. Have a central path that leads shoppers through the store and lets them look at many different departments or product areas. This path leads your customers from the entrance through the store on the route you want them to take all the way to the checkout.

① Why don’t You Guide Your Customers?

② First Impression: The Key to the Success

③ The Best Guide for the Customers: the Store Itself

④ The Best Shop: the One with Departments as Many as Possible

⑤ What the Clients really Want: Being Treated like Being Somebody

16. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은?16)

[201811H1_36순서추론_변형]

Color can impact how you perceive weight. Dark colors look (A) [heavily / heavy], and bright colors look less so. Interior designers often paint darker colors below brighter colors to put the viewer at ease.

Product displays work the same way. Place bright-colored products higher and dark-colored products lower, given that they are of similar size. This will look more stable and allow customers to comfortably browse the products from top to bottom.

In contrast, shelving dark-colored products on top can create the illusion that they might fall over, (B) [that / which] can be a source of anxiety for some shoppers.

Black and white, which have a brightness of 0% and 100%, respectively, show the most dramatic difference in perceived weight. In fact, black is perceived to be twice as heavy as white. (C) [Carry / Carrying] the same product in a black shopping bag, versus a white one, feels heavier. So, small but expensive products like neckties and accessories are often sold in dark-colored shopping bags or cases.

(A) (B) (C)

① heavy which Carry

② heavy which Carrying

③ heavily that Carry

④ heavily that Carrying

⑤ heavily which Carrying

(8)

17. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말 로 가장 적절한 것은?17)

[201811H1_37순서추론_변형]

Ethical and moral systems are different for every culture. According to cultural relativism, all of these systems are equally (A) [valid / invalid], and no system is better than another. The basis of cultural relativism is the notion that no true standards of good and evil actually exist. Therefore, judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective. There exists an inherent logical inconsistency in cultural relativism, however. If one (B) [evades / accepts] the idea that there is no right or wrong, then there exists no way to make judgments in the first place. To deal with this inconsistency, cultural relativism creates “tolerance.”

However, with tolerance comes intolerance, which means that tolerance must imply some sort of ultimate good. Thus, tolerance also goes (C) [against / in favor of]

the very notion of cultural relativism, and the boundaries of logic make cultural relativism impossible.

* tolerance: 관용

(A) (B) (C)

① valid accept in favor of

② valid accept against

③ invalid accept against

④ invalid evade against

⑤ invalid evade in favor of

18. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 18)

[201811H1_38문장삽입_변형]

The way we communicate influences our ability to build strong and healthy communities. Traditional ways of building communities have emphasized debate and argument. For example, the United States has a strong tradition of using town hall meetings to deliberate important issues within communities. In these settings, advocates for each side of the issue present arguments for their positions, and public issues have been discussed in such public forums. Yet for debate and argument to work well, people need to come to such forums with similar assumptions and values. The shared assumptions and values serve as a foundation for the discussion. However, as society becomes more

diverse, the likelihood that people share assumptions and values diminishes. As a result, forms of communication such as argument and debate become polarized, which may drive communities apart as opposed to bringing them together.

① Why do communities need to have a healthy talk?

② Good debating skills have composed of our traditional communities.

③ To build good communities, it is necessary to emphasize on a debate and discussion.

④ The only few communities have had tradition on debating their problems with the neighborhoods.

⑤ With diversity of societies, there is possibility for today’s communities to move far behind former ones.

19. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?19)

[201811H1_39문장삽입_변형]

Some people believe that the social sciences are falling behind the natural sciences. They maintain that not only does social science have no exact laws, but it also has failed to eliminate great social evils such as racial discrimination, crime, poverty, and war. They suggest that social scientists have failed to accomplish what might reasonably have been expected of them.

Such critics are usually unaware of the real nature of social science and of its special problems and basic limitations. For example, they forget that the solution to a social problem requires not only knowledge but also the ability to influence people. Even if social scientists discover the procedures that could reasonably be followed to achieve social improvement, they are seldom in a position to control social action.

For that matter, even dictators find that there are limits to their power to change society.

① The Importance of Social Science

② What Can Be a Solution to Social Problems?

③ Basic Limitation of Being Aware of Social Science

④ Social Scientists : Those Who Control the Social Action

⑤ Natural Sciences : Are They Superior to Social Sciences?

(9)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

20. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?20)

[201811H1_40요약문추론_변형]

We cannot predict the outcomes of sporting contests, which vary from week to week. This heterogeneity is a feature of sport. It is the uncertainty of the result and the quality of the contest that consumers find attractive. For the sport marketer, this is problematic, as the quality of the contest cannot be guaranteed, no promises can be made in relations to the result and no assurances can be given in respect of the performance of star players. Unlike consumer products, sport cannot and does not display consistency as a key feature of marketing strategies. The sport marketer therefore must avoid marketing strategies based solely on winning, and must instead focus on developing product extensions such as the facility, parking, merchandise, souvenirs, food and beverages rather than on the core product (that is, the game itself).

* heterogeneity: 이질성(異質性)

① difficulties in sports marketing

② strategies to win in sporting contests

③ uncertainty in prediction of sports outcome

④ danger warning of betting on sporting contests

⑤ the reason the sport marketing can’t only concern a product itself

21. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?21)

[201811H1_18목적추론_변형]

Dear Mr. John Smith,

I am a staff member at the Eastville Library, and I work weekday afternoons. Each day, as school closes,

① scores of students come to the library to do homework, use the library’s computers, or socialize in a safe place. Many of these children would otherwise go home to empty houses, and the library is the one place that ② offers a secure, supervised alternative to being home alone. Your ③ suggested policy of closing libraries on Mondays as a cost cutting measure could be ④ useful to these children, and I’m certain there are other ways to save money. I urge you and other city council ⑤ delegates to cancel the plan and to keep libraries open!

Sincerely, Kyle Tucker

22. 'Clara'에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것 은?22)

[201811H1_19심경추론_변형]

Clara, an 11-year-old girl, sat in the back seat of her mother’s car with the window down. The wind from outside blew her brown hair across her ivory pale skin

― she sighed deeply. She was sad about moving and was not smiling. Her heart felt like it hurt. The fact that she had to leave everything she knew broke her heart. Eleven years ― that was a long time to be in one place and build memories and make friends. She had been able to finish out the school year with her friends, which was nice, but she feared she would face the whole summer and the coming school year alone.

Clara sighed heavily.

① 어머니 차의 앞좌석에 앉았다.

② 이사하는 것이 슬퍼서 울었다.

③ 병이 있어 모든 것을 떠나야 했다.

④ 이사를 가기 전 친구들과 함께 학년을 마칠 수 있었다.

⑤ 새로운 친구를 사귀는 것이 즐거웠다.

23. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?23)

[201811H1_20주장추론_변형]

If you were at a social gathering in a large building and you overheard someone say that “the roof is on fire,” what would be your reaction? Until you knew more information, your first inclination might be toward safety and survival. But if you were to find out that this particular person was talking about a song called “The Roof Is on Fire,” your feelings of threat and danger would be diminished. So once the additional facts are understood ― that the person was referring to a song and not a real fire ― the context is better understood and you are in a better position to judge and react. All too often people react far too quickly and emotionally over information without establishing context. It is so important for us to identify context related to information because if we fail to do so, we may judge and react too quickly.

① an emergency around us

② ways to accept other thesis

③ seriousness of communicative errors

④ the importance of confirming context

⑤ the importance of expressing appreciation

(10)

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?24)

[201811H1_21요지추론_변형]

Imagine that your body is a battery and the more energy this battery can store, the more energy you will be able to have within a day. Every night when you sleep, this battery is recharged with as much energy as you spent during the previous day. If you want to have a lot of energy tomorrow, you need to spend a lot of energy today. Our brain consumes only 20% of our energy, so it’s a must to supplement thinking activities with walking and exercises that spend a lot of energy, so that your internal battery has more energy tomorrow. Your body stores as much energy as you need: for thinking, for moving, for doing exercises. The more active you are today, the more energy you spend today and the more energy you will have to burn tomorrow. Exercising gives you more energy and keeps you from feeling exhausted.

* supplement: 보충하다

① Do Not Let Your Body Be Exhausted

② Feeling Ashamed? Exercise Right Now

③ Keys to Keeping Your Body in Good Shape

④ Battery : A Principle of Building Up Your Love

⑤ More Actively You Move, More Energy You Get

25. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?25)

[201811H1_22주제추론_변형]

When we read a number, we are more influenced by the leftmost digit than by the rightmost, since that is the order in which we read, and process, them. The number 799 feels significantly less than 800 because we see the former as 7-something and the latter as 8-something, whereas 798 feels pretty much like 799.

Since the nineteenth century, shopkeepers have taken advantage of this trick by choosing prices ending in a 9, to give the impression that a product is cheaper than it is. Surveys show that around a third to two-thirds of all retail prices now end in a 9. Though we are all experienced shoppers, we are still fooled. In 2008, researchers at the University of Southern Brittany monitored a local pizza restaurant that was serving five types of pizza at €8.00 each. When one of the pizzas was reduced in price to €7.99, its share of sales rose from a third of the total to a half.

① 우리는 수를 읽을 때 어림수로 읽는 경향이 있다.

② 가격을 내리는 것은 상품판매에 큰 영향을 미친다.

③ 수를 읽는 방식이 우리의 소비방식에 영향을 미친다.

④ 소비자와 판매자는 숫자를 인식하는 방식에 상당한 차 이가 있다.

⑤ 현명한 소비자는 물건을 소비할 때 가격을 비교하며 구매하는 경향이 있다.

26. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 26)

[201811H1_23제목추론_변형]

In a competitive environment, such as a college admissions process or a job application situation, almost everyone has strong qualifications. Almost everyone has facts in their favor. But how valuable are facts alone? Think back to the most recent lecture or presentation you attended. How many facts do you remember from it? If you’re like most people, you can’t recall many, if any. Chances are good, however, that you remember stories, anecdotes, and examples from the event, even if you can’t think of their exact context. The average person today is flooded with facts and data, and we let most of this pass through our brains with minimal retention or reaction ― unless something makes the information stand out in a meaningful way. That’s where story comes in.

* retention: 기억

① 경쟁적 환경에서는 유리한 사실 전달이 중요하다

② 사실과 정보를 이야기로 전달해야 오래 기억 된다.

③ 강연이나 프레젠테이션은 내용전달이 정확해야한다.

④ 스토리텔러는 정확한 맥락을 기억하는 것이 필요하다.

⑤ 현대 경쟁사회에서는 많은 양의 정보를 가지는 것이 유리하다

(11)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

27. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말 로 가장 적절한 것은?27)

[201811H1_25내용일치_변형]

Born in 1867 in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charles Henry Turner was an early pioneer in the field of insect behavior. His father owned an extensive library where Turner became fascinated with reading about the habits and behavior of insects. (A) [Preceding / Proceeding] with his study, Turner earned a doctorate degree in zoology, the first African American to do so.

Even after receiving his degree, Turner was unable to get a teaching or research position at any major universities, possibly as a result (B) [of / from] racism.

He moved to St. Louis and taught biology at Sumner High School, focusing on research there until 1922.

Turner was the first person to discover that insects are capable of learning, (C) [illustrating / illustrated] that insects can alter behavior based on previous experience. He died of cardiac disease in Chicago in 1923. During his 33-year career, Turner published more than 70 papers. His last scientific paper was published the year after his death.

* cardiac: 심장의

(A) (B) (C)

① Preceding of illustrating

② Preceding from illustrating

③ Proceeding of illustrated

④ Proceeding from illustrated

⑤ Proceeding of illustrating

28. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?28)

[201811H1_28어법추론_변형]

The belief that humans have morality and animals don’t is such a longstanding assumption that it could well be called a habit of mind, and bad habits, as we all know, are extremely hard to break. A lot of people have caved in to this assumption because it is easier to deny morality to animals than to deal with the complex effects of the possibility that animals have moral behavior. The historical tendency, framed in the outdated dualism of us versus them, is strong enough to make a lot of people cling to the status quo.

Denial of who animals are conveniently allows for maintaining false stereotypes about the cognitive and emotional capacities of animals. Clearly a major

paradigm shift is needed, because the lazy acceptance of habits of mind has a strong influence on how animals are understood and treated.

* dualism: 이원론(二元論) ** status quo: 현재 상태

① 동물에 대한 틀에 갇힌 인간의 습관적 사고를 버려야 한다.

② 도덕성은 인간과 동물 모두에게 중요한 가치라고 할 수 있다.

③ 이원론의 틀에 갇힌 인간의 습관적 사고는 도덕적 해이를 일으킨다.

④ 동물도 높은 도덕성을 가질 수 있다는 패러다임의 전환이 요구된다.

⑤ 동물보다 인간이 더 높은 도덕성을 가지고 있음은 충분히 증명되었다.

29. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 29)

[201811H1_29어휘추론_변형]

We notice repetition among confusion, and the opposite: we notice a break in a repetitive pattern. But how do these arrangements make us feel? And what about “perfect” regularity and “perfect” chaos? Some repetition gives us a sense of security, in that we know what is coming next. We like some predictability.

We arrange our lives in largely repetitive schedules.

Randomness, in organization or in events, is more challenging and more frightening for most of us. With

“perfect” chaos we are frustrated by having to adapt and react again and again. But “perfect” regularity is perhaps even more horrifying in its monotony than randomness is. It implies a cold, unfeeling, mechanical quality. Such perfect order does not exist in nature;

there are too many forces working against each other.

Either extreme, therefore, feels threatening.

① Why is Working Regularly Important in Modern Society

② Existence of Balance in Nature : Between Regularity and Chaos

③ Striving for Improving Capacity to Predict Our Future

④ How Perfect Regularity Threatens Randomness And Chaos

⑤ Why We Want Chaos More Than Regularity to Survive

(12)

30. 다음 글에 드러난 'Albert Einstein'의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?30)

[201811H1_30지칭추론_변형]

Albert Einstein once boarded a train from Philadelphia. The conductor came around to punch the tickets and said, “Ticket, please.” Einstein reached into his vest pocket for the ticket, but did not find it. He checked his jacket pocket. No ticket. He checked his brief case. But still, he could not find his ticket. The conductor, noting his obvious distress, kindly said, “I know who you are, Dr. Einstein. Don’t worry about your ticket.” Several minutes later the conductor turned around from the front of the traincar to see Einstein continuing to search under his seat for the missing ticket. Quickly, he hurried back to assure the gray-haired gentleman. “Dr. Einstein, Dr. Einstein, I know who you are!” he repeated. “Please don’t worry about your ticket.” Dr. Einstein slowly arose from his knees and addressed the young conductor. “Son, you don’t understand. I, too, know who I am. What I don’t know is where I’m going.”

① outraged ② mournful ③ sympathetic

④ perplexed ⑤ indifferent

31. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?31)

[201811H1_31빈칸추론_변형]

If you follow science news, you will have noticed that cooperation among animals has become a hot topic in the mass media. For example, in late 2007 the science media widely reported a study by Claudia Rutte and Michael Taborsky suggesting that rats display what they call “generalized reciprocity.” They each provided help to an unfamiliar and unrelated individual, based on their own previous experience of having been helped by an unfamiliar rat. Rutte and Taborsky trained rats in a cooperative task of pulling a stick to obtain food for a partner. Rats who had been helped previously by an unknown partner were more likely to help others. Before this research was conducted, generalized reciprocity was thought to be unique to humans.

① the ability of rats to cooperate to obtain food

② a study on common characteristics between humans and animals

③ the influence of social experience on cooperative behaviour of rats

④ the correlation between familiarity and the helping behavior in animals

⑤ the importance of training rats when conducting a study concerning generalized reciprocity

32. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?32)

[201811H1_32빈칸추론_변형]

We have to recognize that there always exists in us the strongest need to utilize all our attention. And this is quite evident in the great amount of displeasure we feel any time the entirety of our capacity for attention is not being put to use. When this is the case, we will seek to find outlets for our unused attention. If we are playing a chess game with a weaker opponent, we will seek to supplement this activity with another: such as watching TV, or listening to music, or playing another chess game at the same time. Very often this reveals itself in unconscious movements, such as playing with something in one’s hands or pacing around the room; and if such an action also serves to increase pleasure or relieve displeasure, all the better.

* supplement: 보충하다

① proper ways of using leisure

② How to improve your attention

③ where the remaining attention turns

④ importance of appropriate emotional Emissions

⑤ the unpleasantness caused by unconsciousness

(13)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

33. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?33)

[201811H1_33빈칸추론_변형]

From an economic perspective, a short-lived event can become an innovative event if it generates goods and services that can be sold to people, in particular to those from outside the locality. The remarkable growth of art exhibitions, cultural festivals and sports competitions, for example, can be analysed in this light. They are temporary activities that can attract large numbers of outsiders to a locality, bringing in new sources of income. But even here, there is a two-way interaction between the event and the context. The existence of an infrastructure, a reputation, a history of an activity for an area may have important effects on the economic success or failure of an event. In other words, events do not take place in a vacuum. They depend on an existing context which has been in the making for a long time.

The short-lived event, therefore, would be performed in relation to this long-term context.

* infrastructure: 기반 시설

① 문화 축제의 성장은 경제적 관점과는 무관하다.

② 단기간 행사는 외부인의 적극적 참여가 필요하다.

③ 단기간 행사는 지역의 맥락에 일방적인 영향을 받는다.

④ 단기간 행사는 그 지역의 장기적 맥락과 관련하여 시 행될 것이다.

⑤ 경제적 관점에서, 행사의 성공은 지역주민에 대한 상 품 판매량에 달려 있다.

34. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?34)

[201811H1_34빈칸추론_변형]

Interestingly, in nature, the more powerful species have a ① narrower field of vision. The distinction between predator and prey offers a clarifying example of this. The key feature that distinguishes predator species from prey species isn’t the presence of claws or any other feature related to biological weaponry.

The key feature is the ② position of their eyes.

Predators evolved with eyes facing forward ― which allows for binocular vision that offers accurate depth perception when pursuing prey. Prey, on the other hand, often have eyes facing outward, ③ maximizing peripheral vision, which allows the hunted to detect danger that may be approaching from any angle.

Consistent with our place at the top of the food chain, humans have eyes that face ④ outward. We have the ability to gauge depth and pursue our goals, but we can also ⑤ miss important action on our periphery.

* depth perception: 거리 감각 ** periphery: 주변

35. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?35)

[201811H1_35무관한문장_변형]

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could take your customers by the hand and guide each one through your store while pointing out all the great products you would like them to consider buying? Most people, however, would not particularly enjoy having a stranger grab their hand and drag them through a store. Rather, let the store do it for you. Have a central path that leads shoppers through the store and lets them look at many different departments or product areas. This path leads your customers from the entrance through the store on the route you want them to take all the way to the checkout.

① 고객유치를 하려면 고객들의 심리를 잘 파악하는 것이 중요하다.

② 상점 안을 여기저기 구경할 수 있도록 매장 입구에서 안내도우미를 배치해야 한다.

③ 고객과의 신체접촉을 하기 전에 상품에 대한 정확한 정보를 통한 신뢰확보가 필요하다.

④ 상점으로 연결되는 중앙통로를 이용해서 고객들이 자 발적으로 매장으로 오게 해야 한다.

⑤ 대화를 통해서 고객과 활발한 의사소통을 하게 되면 고객들이 물건구매를 유도해야 한다.

(14)

36. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?36)

[201811H1_36순서추론_변형]

Color can impact how you perceive weight. Dark colors look heavy, and bright colors look less so.

Interior designers often paint darker colors below brighter colors to put the viewer at ease. Product displays work the same way. Place bright-colored products higher and dark-colored products lower, given that they are of similar size. This will look more stable and allow customers to comfortably browse the products from top to bottom. In contrast, shelving dark-colored products on top can create the illusion that they might fall over, which can be a source of anxiety for some shoppers. Black and white, which have a brightness of 0% and 100%, respectively, show the most dramatic difference in perceived weight. In fact, black is perceived to be twice as heavy as white.

Carrying the same product in a black shopping bag, versus a white one, feels heavier. So, small but expensive products like neckties and accessories are often sold in dark-colored shopping bags or cases.

① Color Preference of Interior Designers

② The Effect of Color on Recognizing Weight

③ How to Handle Small but Expensive Products

④ Displaying Products for Customer’s Convenience

⑤ Difference between Brightness and Color Contrast

37. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?37)

[201811H1_37순서추론_변형]

Ethical and moral systems are different for every culture. According to cultural relativism, all of these systems are equally valid and no system is better than another. The basis of cultural relativism is the notion that no true standards of good and evil actually exist.

Therefore, judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective. There exists an inherent logical inconsistency in cultural relativism, however. If one accepts the idea that there is no right or wrong, then there exists no way to make judgments in the first place. To deal with this inconsistency, cultural relativism creates “tolerance.”

However, with tolerance comes intolerance, which means that tolerance must imply some sort of ultimate

good. Thus, tolerance also goes against the very notion of cultural relativism, and the boundaries of logic make cultural relativism impossible.

* tolerance: 관용

① 관용과 비관용의 상관관계

② 문화상대주의와 그 내재된 모순

③ 절대적인 선으로서의 문화상대주의

④ 논리적 모순의 근본이 되는 문화상대주의

⑤ 옳고 그름의 판단기준이 되는 개별적 사회의 관점

38. 다음 글이 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 38)

[201811H1_38문장삽입_변형]

The way we communicate influences our ability to build strong and healthy communities. Traditional ways of building communities have emphasized debate and argument. For example, the United States has a strong tradition of using town hall meetings to deliberate important issues within communities. In these settings, advocates for each side of the issue present arguments for their positions, and public issues have been discussed in such public forums. Yet for debate and argument to work well, people need to come to such forums with similar assumptions and values. The shared assumptions and values serve as a foundation for the discussion. However, as society becomes more diverse, the likelihood that people share assumptions and values diminishes. As a result, forms of communication such as argument and debate become polarized, which may drive communities apart as opposed to bringing them together.

① Ways of Sharing Information in Modern

② Difference between Argument and Debate

③ Polarization between the Past and the Present

④ Understanding of the People in a Similar Situation

⑤ Need for Similar Assumption to Make Healthy Society

(15)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type A

39. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?39)

[201811H1_39문장삽입_변형]

Some people believe that the social sciences are falling behind the natural sciences. They maintain that not only does social science have no exact laws, but it also has failed to eliminate great social evils such as racial discrimination, crime, poverty, and war. They suggest that social scientists have failed to accomplish what might reasonably have been expected of them.

Such critics are usually unaware of the real nature of social science and of its special problems and basic limitations. For example, they forget that the solution to a social problem requires not only knowledge but also the ability to influence people. Even if social scientists discover the procedures that could reasonably be followed to achieve social improvement, they are seldom in a position to control social action.

For that matter, even dictators find that there are limits to their power to change society.

① 사회 과학이 자연 과학에 뒤처지고 있다.

② 자연 과학은 정확한 법칙을 가지고 있다.

③ 사회 과학은 자연 과학에 뒤처지지 않는다.

④ 자연 과학은 사회적 발전을 이루기 위한 절차가 있다.

⑤ 사회를 변화시키기 위해 독재자들은 그들의 권력을 이 용한다.

40. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?40)

[201811H1_40요약문추론_변형]

We cannot predict the ① results of sporting contests, which vary from week to week. This heterogeneity is a feature of sport. It is the uncertainty of the result and the quality of the contest that consumers find

② offensive. For the sport marketer, this is problematic, as the quality of the contest cannot be guaranteed, no promises can be made in ③ bonds to the result and no assurances can be given in respect of the performance of star players. Unlike consumer products, sport cannot and does not display ④ coherency as a key feature of marketing strategies. The sport marketer therefore must avoid marketing strategies based solely on winning, and must instead focus on ⑤ improving product extensions such as the facility, parking, merchandise, souvenirs, food and beverages rather than on the core product (that is, the game itself).

* heterogeneity: 이질성(異質性)

(16)

41. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?41)

[201811H1_18목적추론_변형]

Dear Mr. John Smith,

I am a staff member at the Eastville Library, and I work weekday afternoons. ① Each day, as school closes, dozens of students come to the library to do homework, use the library’s computers, or socialize in a safe place. ② Many of these children would otherwise go home to empty houses, and the library is the one place that provides a secure, supervised alternative to being home alone. ③ When I was young, I wanted to study at library that provided a secure. ④ Your proposed policy of closing libraries on Mondays as a cost cutting measure could be harmful to these children, and I’m certain there are other ways to save money. ⑤ I urge you and other city council representatives to cancel the plan and to keep libraries open!

Sincerely, Kyle Tucker

42. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.42)

[201811H1_19심경추론_변형]

Clara, an 11-year-old girl, sat in the back seat of her mother’s car with the window down. The wind from outside blew her brown hair across her ivory pale skin

― she sighed deeply. She was sad about moving and was not smiling. Her heart felt like it hurt. The fact that she had to leave everything she knew . Eleven years ― that was a long time to be in one place and build memories and make friends. She had been able to finish out the school year with her friends, which was nice, but she feared she would face the whole summer and the coming school year alone.

Clara sighed heavily.

① broke her heart

② made her strong

③ made her comfortable

④ let her try new things

⑤ encouraged her to meet new friends

43. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.43)

[201809H1_20빈칸추론_변형]

If you were at a social gathering in a large building and you overheard someone say that “the roof is on fire,” what would be your reaction? Until you knew more information, your first inclination might be toward safety and survival. But if you were to find out that this particular person was talking about a song called “The Roof Is on Fire,” your feelings of threat and danger would be diminished. So once the additional facts are understood ― that the person was referring to a song and not a real fire ― the context is better understood and you are in a better position to judge and react. All too often people react far too slowly and emotionally over information without establishing context. It is so important for us to identify context related to information because if we fail to do so, we may judge and react too quickly.

① check contextual information

② be cautious when making decisions

③ identify the safety of people near fire

④ make a judgement before getting other information

⑤ respond to information after listening others' opinions

(17)

2018년 11월 모의고사 <고1>

Type B

44. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 한 것을 고르시오.44)

[201811H1_21요지추론_변형]

Imagine that your body is a battery and the more energy this battery can store, the more energy you will be able to have within a day.

(A) The more active you are today, the more energy you spend today and the more energy you will have to burn tomorrow. Exercising gives you more energy and keeps you from feeling exhausted.

(B) Every night when you sleep, this battery is recharged with as much energy as you spent during the previous day. If you want to have a lot of energy tomorrow, you need to spend a lot of energy today.

(C) Our brain consumes only 20% of our energy, so it’s a must to supplement thinking activities with walking and exercises that spend a lot of energy, so that your internal battery has more energy tomorrow. Your body stores as much energy as you need: for thinking, for moving, for doing exercises.

* supplement: 보충하다

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

45. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.45)

[201811H1_22주제추론_변형]

When we read a number, we are more influenced by the leftmost digit than by the rightmost, since that is the order in which we read, and process, them. The number 799 feels significantly less than 800 because we see the former as 7-something and the latter as 8-something, whereas 798 feels pretty much like 799.

Since the nineteenth century, shopkeepers have taken advantage of this trick by , to give the impression that a product is cheaper than it is. Surveys show that around a third to two-thirds of all retail prices now end in a 9. Though we are all experienced shoppers, we are still fooled. In 2008, researchers at the University of Southern Brittany monitored a local pizza restaurant that was serving

five types of pizza at €8.00 each. When one of the pizzas was reduced in price to €7.99, its share of sales rose from a third of the total to a half.

① subtracting 9 from prices

② avoiding adding 9 in prices

③ choosing prices ending in a 9

④ writing down numbers in a row

⑤ excluding a 9 at any time in prices

46. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.46)

[201811H1_23제목추론_변형]

But how valuable are facts alone? Think back to the most recent lecture or presentation you attended.

In a competitive environment, such as a college admissions process or a job application situation, almost everyone has strong qualifications. ( ① ) Almost everyone has facts in their favor. ( ② ) How many facts do you remember from it? ( ③ ) If you’re like most people, you can’t recall many, if any.

Chances are good, however, that you remember stories, anecdotes, and examples from the event, even if you can’t think of their exact context. ( ④ ) The average person today is flooded with facts and data, and we let most of this pass through our brains with minimal retention or reaction ― unless something makes the information stand out in a meaningful way.

( ⑤ ) That’s where story comes in.

* retention: 기억

(18)

47. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 47)

[201811H1_25내용일치_변형]

Even after receiving his degree, Turner was unable to get a teaching or research position at any major universities, possibly as a result of racism.

Born in 1867 in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charles Henry Turner was an early pioneer in the field of insect behavior. ( ① ) His father owned an extensive library where Turner became fascinated with reading about the habits and behavior of insects. ( ② ) Proceeding with his study, Turner earned a doctorate degree in zoology, the first African American to do so. ( ③ ) He moved to St. Louis and taught biology at Sumner High School, focusing on research there until 1922.

( ④ ) Turner was the first person to discover that insects are capable of learning, illustrating that insects can alter behavior based on previous experience.

( ⑤ ) He died of cardiac disease in Chicago in 1923.

During his 33-year career, Turner published more than 70 papers. His last scientific paper was published the year after his death.

* cardiac: 심장의

48. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 한 것을 고르시오.48)

[201811H1_28어법추론_변형]

The belief that humans have morality and animals don’t is such a longstanding assumption that it could well be called a habit of mind, and bad habits, as we all know, are extremely hard to break.

(A) The historical tendency, framed in the outdated dualism of us versus them, is strong enough to make a lot of people cling to the status quo.

Denial of who animals are conveniently allows for maintaining false stereotypes about the cognitive and emotional capacities of animals.

(B) A lot of people have caved in to this assumption because it is easier to deny morality to animals than to deal with the complex effects of the possibility that animals have moral behavior.

(C) Clearly a major paradigm shift is needed, because the lazy acceptance of habits of mind has a strong influence on how animals are understood and treated.

* dualism: 이원론(二元論) ** status quo: 현재 상태

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

49. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오. 49)

[201811H1_29어휘추론_변형]

We notice repetition among confusion, and the opposite: we notice a break in a repetitive pattern. But how do these arrangements make us feel? And what about “perfect” regularity and “perfect” chaos? Some repetition gives us a sense of security, in that we know what is coming next. We like some predictability.

We arrange our lives in largely repetitive schedules.

Randomness, in organization or in events, is more challenging and more frightening for most of us. With

“perfect” chaos we are frustrated by having to adapt and react again and again. It implies a cold, unfeeling, mechanical quality. But “perfect” regularity is perhaps even more horrifying in its monotony than randomness is. Such perfect order does not exist in nature; there are too many forces working against each other. Either extreme, therefore, feels threatening.

① significance

② uncertainty

③ predictability

④ consequence

⑤ perfection

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