S ․ U ․ M ․ M ․ A ․ R ․ Y
SUM M ARY
Rational Supply Direction of Urban Planning Facility by Publicity
- Concentrate on Mixed-use Complex of Private Sector Participant - Sang-Jo Kim, Kwang-Ik Wang, Young-Sang Kwon, Yong-Jin Ahn
There have been some serious debates about the lack of publicity in urban planning facilities which are funded by the private sector, as it focuses on moneyed interests, not on the publicity. Reportedly, facilities for the private use and mixed-use urban planning facilities has been accused of giving rise to issues about ill-balanced urban planning facilities and the fall of the public service quality.
This study aims to suggest (or define) roles of the public and the private sectors through evaluating how much the facilities secure the publicity in an attempt to address the pre-described issues.
In this regard, this study selected privately financed railroad complex
of study and investigated the current supply of the facilities using the pre-established evaluation methods and the standards.
This study is consisted of 6 chapters including the first chapter which describes the overview of this study.
In the second chapter, we will discuss relevant studies preceded and their implications. More specifically, we will study the definition of publicity and its implication in urban planning terms, as well as the definition, the sort, and the supply of urban planning facility.
The third chapter constructs the frame of evaluation on the publicity.
The publicity of urban planning facility was defined as 'a condition where social consent can be reached to utilize lands and buildings in urban spaces for the public good'. The evaluation indexes were established based on preceded studies, with a full consideration on physical environments and public service. Therefore, they are largely divided into 'Physical-Environmental Indexes' and 'Public Service Indexes', each of which is categorized into 'Land-Use Indexes' and 'Building Environment Indexes', and 'User Convenience Indexes' and 'Social Contribution Index', respectively.
Category Evaluation indexes Ref.
Physical- Environme
ntal Indexes
Land Use
▪ Consistency with land use pattern in neighbored areas
▪ Propriety of development density
▪ Traffic impacts and affects to neighbored areas
Building Environm
ent
▪ Reasonableness of mixed use facilities
▪ Spatial consistency with and openness to surrounded spaces
▪ Effectiveness and user-convenience of facility deployment or arrangement
Public Service Indexes
User Convenie
nce
▪ Accessibility
(Identifiability, and relation to transportation)
excepting parking lots
▪ Abundance of public spaces (including facilities)
▪ Amenity of internal spaces excepting parking lots
Social Contributi
on
▪ Symbolism (landmark) of the region
only applying to station complex
buildings
▪ Community facilities for residents use
<Indexes To Evaluate The Publicity>
The evaluation methods were established, depending on each index.
There are 6 quantitative and 4 qualitative (expert in-depth interviews and user satisfaction surveys) methods as well as mixed one.
The chapter 4 analyzes and evaluates the publicity and the current supply of target facilities based on pre-described indexes. It will investigate existing issues and problems of facilities, focusing on the current supply status, and analyzes verifying the results by evaluating the publicity of them.
According to the results, the facilities have, in general terms, so many things with the traffic problems, and parking facilities and bus terminals tend to be developed in relatively excessive densities
parking facilities with no height limit is likely to damage to the street landscape.
Regarding the propriety of Mixed-use facilities, the mixed use focused on vending facilities is regarded as troublemaker and is poorly connected with its surrounded spaces. Malfunction of front square and the break-offs in human relation also deteriorate the situation. Problems were varied: complex layouts merely focusing on the connection with commercial facilities; insufficient facilities not only in sorts, but in numbers; poor functioning as landmarks in terms of symbolism and as the community facility for residents' goods; conflicts of urban planning with development strategies; the irrational deliberation; existing urban facility development systems and processes, taking relatively less account of the publicity.
Chapter 5 defines the problems and suggests ways to address them based on the results of current supply study and the publicity evaluation. The problem was defined with 9 problems through the studies on the current situation and the publicity of private sector participated mixed-use urban planning facilities. The solutions to address the problems were classified into two types; managemental and physical (standards or guidelines).
The mixture with local facilities such as cultural welfare facility would diversify the usage of mixed-use facilities. Also, additional mixture with information, accommodation, business, convention, and public facilitiesas well as fund raising by collaboration among public enterprises, local government and private sector would be helpful to the diversification.
Problems Solutions
Relieved Traffic Burdens ▪ Diversification of Mixed-Use Facility Usage -Exclude Facilities with
Traffic Burdens As Possible
-Consideration on community facilities
▪ Rationalization of the publicity evaluation in decision making phase
Managemental Proper Development Density
Reexamination of Mixed-Use Facilities' Usage
Strengthened Accessibility to Surrounded Areas
Efficiency and Convenience of Facility Deployment
▪ Promotion of systems focusing on public transportation (TOD)
▪ Efficiency in circulation (layout) system, and the volume and deployment of the facilities,
▪ Activation of function as symbols or landmarks
Physical Abundance of Public Spaces
Functioning as Local Symbols or Landmarks
Contributions to Local Community
Deliberations on the Publicity
<Problems & Solutions>
Concerning rationalization of the publicity evaluation and the deliberation process, local governments' immediate participation is required so as to maintain the consistency with regional planning schemes. To do so, the followings considered first; in-advance counseling with local governments; focusing on consistency with regional planning when evaluating the publicity; strengthening construction-related regulations.
To promote the circulation system (layouts) which is more depending on the public transportation system, the construction of squares and dimensional park-and-ride systems are required. That securing
improve the accessibility of cars. Easement or minimization of parking-related regulations would be also helpful.
Solutions for the efficient circulation system (layouts), volume and deployment of facilities are varied; circulation systems relying on pedestrians; pedestrian network linking neighboring areas; efforts to unify areas separated by railroads; open spaces that are hierarchically deployed within a facility; promotion of service function so as to provide wide variety services. Lastly, it is required to beautify the exterior of buildings, or strengthen their functionality so that they can function as symbols or landmarks.
Chapter 6 provides suggestions to execute the solutions. First, In-advance counseling system is recommendable so that interest parties can cooperate with the local government from the initiation phase of the development. Secondly, the neighborhood (including areas for facilities) should be designated as a region of mandatory District Unit Planning, so that it could play a pivotal role. Third, standards and requirements on the types, volume, deployment of the facilities, as well as its outward appearance and formation should be reinforced, when deliberating the development. Lastly, the opinions of residents should necessarily be mirrored in all of these solutions.
Key Words: Urban Planning Facility, Privately-Funded Station Complex Building, Park-and-Ride, Publicity
Classification Code: B170500 (KRF's code system)