5.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT

5. Electromagnetic Optics

5. Electromagnetic Optics

5.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT

5.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT

The complete classical theory of electromagnetic fields is contained in Maxwell’s equations.

Along with Lorentz’s equation for the electromagnetic force, they describe all the phenomena arising from interactions between electromagnetic fields and matter as long as quantum effects may be neglected.

At the boundary between two dielectric media and in the absence of free electric charges and currents,

Î the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields must be continuous,

Î the normal components of the electric and magnetic flux densities must be continuous.

5.2 Dielectric media 5.2 Dielectric media

linear

nondispersive

homogeneous

isotropic

spatial nondispersive

Localized approximation

A. Linear, Nondispersive, Homogeneous, and Isotropic Media A. Linear, Nondispersive, Homogeneous, and Isotropic Media

( constant )

ε : permittivity

ε/ε

: dielectric constant

n = (ε/ε

)^1/2

B. Nonlinear, Dispersive, Inhomogeneous, and Anisotropic Media

B. Nonlinear, Dispersive, Inhomogeneous, and Anisotropic Media

susceptibility tensor

electric permittivity tensor

5.3 Monochromatic EM waves

5.3 Monochromatic EM waves

5.4 Elementary EM waves 5.4 Elementary EM waves

impedance

for an electric dipole.

5.5 Absorption and dispersion

5.5 Absorption and dispersion

The refractive index n(ν) is also related to the absorption coefficient α(ν),

so that if one is known for all ν, the other may be determined.

m

0

=

ω

5.6 Pulse propagation in dispersive media

5.6 Pulse propagation in dispersive media

now, we have arrived the final solution of

In summary, to find the transmitted field of

propagating in a dispersive, non-absorption medium