• 검색 결과가 없습니다.

Unidentified Mycosis of Kelp Saccharina japonica Gametophytes

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Unidentified Mycosis of Kelp Saccharina japonica Gametophytes"

Copied!
3
0
0

로드 중.... (전체 텍스트 보기)

전체 글

(1)

한수지 50(2), 219-221, 2017

219

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 50(2),219-221,2017

Note

서 론

다시마

(Saccharina japonica)

갈조류에속하는한류성해조 류로서우리나라에서는동해안북부인원산만이북해역에서

자연서식하는다년생해조류에속한다

.

다시마는만니톨

(man-

nitol)

글루타민산

(glutamic acid)

함유되어있어특유한 나타내고

,

또한요오드

,

알긴산라미나린을다량함유하 있어건강식품으로각광을받고있는수산식물하나이다

(Jang, 2010).

국내다시마양식은

1967

일본북해도산다시 어미엽체를도입하여인공양식의개발에성공하면서

1974

년도에

2,300

톤이생산되었고

(Jang, 2010), 2004

년도에는

22,500

톤이생산되었다

(KOSIS, 2015). 2005

년도에는전복 산업이활성화되면서다시마생산량이급격히늘어나

(

전복 먹이로사용

),

연간 생산량이

100,000

톤으로증가하였고

, 2014

년도에는

370,000

톤으로증가하였다

(KOSIS, 2015).

최근다시마생산량은우리나라해조류생산량의

34%

지하고있다

(KOSIS, 2015).

다시마에서발생하는질병은원인에따라환경성질병과감염 질병으로구분할있다

.

환경성질병은조도불량

,

담수

,

영양염의부족등으로인해발생하며

,

감염성질병은세균

,

진균

,

착생동물등에의해발생한다

(Park et al., 2009).

다시마양식장에서는착생동물인히드라충과이끼벌레가 시마엽체에부착하여상품가치를하락시키고있다

(Park and Hwang, 2012; Oh et al., 2015).

다시마로부터분리한미생물 생물에대한병원성을조사하기위해서는수중에서사육 다시마를이용하거나배우체

,

유엽등을사용해서감염실험 실시해야한다

.

배우체는실험실에서무균적으로관리 가능하며

,

연중저비용으로쉽게배양할있는장점을가지 있어유용하게사용될있다

. 2015

다시마엽체로부터 리한세균의병원성을조사하기위해다시마배우체를분양받아 관리하는과정에서

,

전체배우체의

10%

에서진균의증식이 관찰되었다

.

따라서

,

연구에서는다시마배우체에서발생하 진균증에대해보고하고자한다

.

재료 및 방법

2015

전라남도해양수산과학원해조류연구센터로부터 시마배우체를분양받아

,

식물배양기에서관리

[

온도

, 15℃;

다시마(Saccharina japonica) 배우체의 미동정 진균증

정하나·오명주·최성제 1 ·서정수 2 ·박명애 3 ·김위식*

전남대학교 수산생명의학과, 1전라남도 해양수산과학원, 2국립수산과학원 수산방역과, 3국립수산과학원 남동해수산연구소

Unidentified Mycosis of Kelp Saccharina japonica Gametophytes

Ha-Na Jeong, Myung-Joo Oh, Sung-Je Choi

1

, Jung-Soo Seo

2

, Myoung-Ae Park

3

and Wi-Sik Kim*

Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

1Algae Research Institute, Jeollanamdo Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Wando 59146, Korea

2Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 46083, Korea

3Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea

In 2015, white cottony tufts were observed on gametophytes of the kelp Saccharina japonica. Wet mount and histopa- thology examination revealed numerous fungal hyphae and mycelium around the gametophytes. The gametophytes surrounded by fungal hyphae were generally round and empty. A specific 610-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S rDNA-ITS gene of fungi was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the nucleotide sequence showed 100% identity with those of Acremonium sclerotigenum, Acremonium sp. and Ascomycota sp. When fun- gus-infected gametophytes were mixed with healthy gametophytes, a high transmission rate (100%) resulted. This is the first report of mycosis of gametophytes in Korea.

Key words: Fungi, Gametophyte, Kelp, Saccharina japonica

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2017.0219 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 50(2) 219-221, April 2017

Received 29 July 2016; Revised 19 October 2016; Accepted 23 March 2017

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 61. 659. 7177 Fax: +82. 61. 659. 7177

E-mail address: wisky@jnu.ac.kr

(2)

정하나

오명주

최성제

서정수

박명애

김위식

220

, 1,000-1,500 lx;

광주기

, 14:10 h (L:D)]

하였으며

, 2

격으로

enriched seawater Saga-2 (ESS-2)

배지를교환하였다

.

배우체의크기가지름

2.0 mm

이상으로성장하게되면멸균

핀셋으로배우체를

1/2

등분하여배양하였다

.

위와같은 법으로배우체를관리하던과정에서하얀솜털로뒤덮인배우 체가관찰되어시료를채집하여실험에사용하였다

.

채집된 시료로부터육안현미경관찰을실시하였고

,

병리조직학적 검사를위해시료를

5%

중성포르말린액에고정한상법에

따라

70%

에서

100%

까지단계별농도의에탄올수용액내에

탈수하고

,

자일렌으로투명화하여파라핀을침투시켜포매

,

조직절편을만들어

hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)

염색을실시 하여광학현미경으로관찰하였다

.

배우체에부착된진균을 정하기위해

,

배우체로부터균사체를분리한

proteinase K

phenol-chloroform

용액을사용하여

DNA

분리한

(Kim et al., 2005),

진균검출용

primer

internal transcribed spacer 5 (ITS5) (5'-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3')

ITS4 (5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3')

사용하여

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

실시하였다

(

타켓

gene: ITS-5.8S rDNA- ITS

부위

) (White et al., 1990). PCR

반응은

30 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 1.5 mM MgCl

2

, 250 μM

dNTP, 1 U Taq DNA polymerase

포함되어있는혼합물

(PCR pre- mix, Bioneer, Korea)

20 pmol

primer

추출된

DNA 1 μL (100 ng/ μL)

첨가하여실시하였다

.

반응조건은

95℃

에서

5

분간

pre-denature

시킨

, 95℃

에서

1

분간

denature, 55℃

에서

1

분간

annealing, 72℃

에서

1

분간

extension

반응을

30 cycles

진행시키고

, 72℃

에서

5

분간

post-extension

하였

. PCR

증폭산물은

1.5% agarose gel

이용하여확인하였

, gel purification kit (Bioneer, Korea)

이용하여 정제

ABI PRISM dye terminator sequencing chemistry (Applied Biosystems, U.S.A.)

사용하여염기서열을분석하였다

.

분석 염기서열은

GenBank

blast

분석을실시하여동정하였다

.

감염실험은

2

개의

25 flask

ESS-2

배지를

30 mL

첨가한 국립수산과학원해조류연구센터로부터분양받은건강한 우체

(

지름

, 1.7-2 mm)

5

개씩넣어주었다

.

실험구에는진균이 부착되어있는배우체

(1.7 mm)

1

넣어주었고

,

대조구에는 건강한배우체

(1.7 mm)

1

넣어

15℃

에서

1,500 lx

7

일간배양하였다

.

진균의부착여부는

1

간격으로현미경 사를통해확인하였고

,

건강한배우체의주위에균사가

20%

이상부착되었을경우양성으로판정하였다

.

감염실험에사용 배우체는현미경검사를통해기생충과진균에대하여음성 것을확인하였다

.

결과 및 고찰

2015

연구목적으로다시마배우체를관리하는과정에서

40

4

개의페트리디쉬에서

(1

개의페트리디쉬

: 3-4

개의

배우체가들어있음

)

배우체에솜털모양의이물질이덮여있는 것이관찰되었다

(Fig. 1A).

이물질로덮여있는배우체를현미 경으로관찰한결과

,

가늘고균사들이배우체를뒤덮고있었

(Fig. 1B).

진균이부착된배우체는

30

일간정상적인배우 체의색을유지하였으나

,

시간이경과됨에따라배우체가하얗 변화하면서폐사되었다

.

균사로뒤덮인배우체를대상으로 병리조직학적검사를실시한결과

,

배우체내부에는균사가 찰되지않았으며

,

배우체주위로다수의균사체와균사들이 찰되었다

(Fig. 2).

균사로뒤덮인배우체는정상배우체와달리 전반적으로둥그런형태를보이거나내부가비어있었다

(Fig.

2).

이상의연구결과

,

배우체에솜털모양으로뒤덮인이물질은 진균으로확인되었다

.

또한진균은배우체내부로침입하지는 않지만진균주변의배우체들은형태가변형되거나내부가 있는것으로보아배우체는진균에의해영향을받는것으로 추정된다

.

배우체에부착된진균을이용하여

PCR

실시한

,

610 bp

PCR

산물이확인되었다

(data not shown). PCR

산물을사용하여염기서열을분석한결과

(556 bp, primer

염기 서열미포함

), Acremonium sclerotigenum, Ascomycota sp., Acremonium sp. (GeneBank Accession Number KU059865

염기서열

17-572 bp

동일

)

100%

일치하는것으로확인 되었다

.

배우체로부터분리한진균을사용하여감염실험을

A B

A B

m m

m

m m

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Attachment rate (%)

Days after cohabitation Cohabitation with fungi-attached gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Cohabitation with healthy gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Fig. 1. Gametophyte attached to fungi (arrows) (A). Magnification of fungi (arrows) (B). Scale bar=500 μm (A), 50 μm (B).

A B

A B

m m

m

m m

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Attachment rate (%)

Days after cohabitation Cohabitation with fungi-attached gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Cohabitation with healthy gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Fig. 2. Histopathology of gametophyte attached to fungi. Normal gametophyte (A) and fungi-affected gametophyte (B). Numerous fungal hyphae and mycelium (m) were observed around gameto- phyte and the fungi-affected gametophyte were generally rounded and empty (arrows). Scale bar=20 μm (A, B).

(3)

다시마 배우체의 미동정 진균증

221

시한결과

,

건강한배우체

(5

)

진균에부착된배우체

(1

)

혼합배양한실험구에서는

1

일째부터건강한배우체의

40%

진균의부착이관찰되었고

7

일째는모든배우체에서진균이 관찰되었다

(

부착률

, 100%) (Fig. 3).

대조구에서는진균의부착 관찰되지않았다

.

이상의연구결과

,

배우체에부착된진균

Acremonium sclerotigenum, Ascomycota sp., Acremoni- um sp.

염기서열이

100%

일치하므로

Acremonium sp.

또는

Ascomycota sp.

추정되며

,

빠른전파력을지닌것으로확인 되었다

.

다시마에서분리되는진균으로는

Penicillium sp., As- pergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Acremonium sp., Dendryphiella sp.

등이보고되어있다

(Schatz, 1980; 1984; Zvereva, 1998).

이중

Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Acremonium sp., Dend- ryphiella sp.

다시마엽체에서분리되었으며

, Fusarium sp.

다시마배우체에서분리되었다

.

연구에서는다시마배우체 에서처음으로

Acremonium sp.

또는

Ascomycota sp.

추정 되는진균증을확인하였다

.

진균의오염은배우체를관리하는 과정에서발생했기때문에사용한실험도구

,

배지

,

실내환경 으로부터유입되었을것으로추정된다

.

진균은배우체에 르게전파되어증식하므로실내에서배우체를관리할경우

,

진균에의한오염에주의가필요하다

.

사 사

연구는국립수산과학원수산과학연구사업수산생물방역 프로그램개발운영과제

(R20166069)

지원으로수행된연구 입니다

.

References

Jang GN. 2010. Seaweed and crustacean culture. 2nd ed, Samk- wang publishers, Seoul, Korea. 88-129.

Kim WS, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Kim YJ and Kitamura SI. 2005.

Characterization of an iridovirus detected from cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Korea. Dis Aquat Org 64, 175-180.

Korean statistical information service (KOSIS). 2015. Fishery pro- duction survey: Statistics by type of fishery and species[Internet].

Retrieved from http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.

jsp on July 2016.

Oh MJ, Kim WS, Kim JO, Jeong HN and Kim JO. 2015. Study on management of seaweed (kelp) disease. Nation Fisheri Res Develop Instit. Busan, Korea.

Park CS and Hwang EK. 2012. Seasonality of epiphytic devel- opment of the hydroid Obelia geniculata on cultivated Sac-

caharina japonica (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta) in Korea. J

Appl Phycol 24, 433-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811- 011-9755-3.

Park SW, Lee JH and Kim YS. 2009. Seaweed disease. Biosci- ence, Seoul, Korea, 105-116.

Schatz S. 1980. Degradation of Laminaria saccharina by higher fungi: a preliminary report. Bot Mar 23, 617-622.

Schatz S. 1984. Degradation of Laminaria saccharina by sapro- bic fungi. Mycologia 76, 426-432.

White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S and Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phy- logenetics. In PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Ap- plications. eds., Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J., Academic Press, San Diego, U.S.A., 315-322.

Zvereva LV. 1998. Mycobiota of the cultivated brown alga Lam-

inaria japonica. Russ J Mar Biol 24, 19-23.

A B

A B

m m

m

m m

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Attachment rate (%)

Days after cohabitation Cohabitation with fungi-attached gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Cohabitation with healthy gametophyte and healthy gametophyte

Fig. 3. Attachment rate (%) of fungi in gametophyte cohabitated with fungi-attached gametophyte. Cohabitation with fungi-at- tached gametophyte and healthy gametophyte (●), cohabitation with healthy gametophyte and healthy gametophyte (○).

수치

Fig. 1. Gametophyte attached to fungi (arrows) (A). Magnification  of fungi (arrows) (B)
Fig. 3. Attachment rate (%) of fungi in gametophyte cohabitated  with fungi-attached gametophyte

참조

관련 문서

In addition, the expression of REDD1 was increased when Huh7 cells were treated with PA, and overexpression of REDD1 affected cell survival and lipid

Primary hepatocytes were incubated with T090 for 24 h following Res pretreatment (1 h). Cells were fixed and stained with Oil red O and observed under a microscope. The Oil

When fiber posts were cemented into the root canal using total-etch adhesives, the bond strength and adaptation between post and root canal dentin were affected

The metal biopsy test of both specimens did not show any microscopic cracks in the heat affected zone and the base metal, and both samples were free from

The characteristics of typhoons were examined via synoptic analysis and track examination, and the damage types and scales were analyzed to contribute to

Increased immunolocalization was observed in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (black arrows in B and C) and in stratum pyramidale (white arrows in G and

1. Prismless layer was commonly observed on the fissure enamel in young and mature premolar. There were no differences in micro-structure and etching

R.M.S and Frequency Domain of the measured signals in time domain were obtained to compare vibration levels, and frequency characteristics of signals were