Received August 1, 2013/ revised October 2, 2013/ accepted October 12, 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤǤʹͶͻ͵
Ǥ ǤǤ
㱦ኺⴶ#ጎ㝳⟖ⱒኾὪ⇧⬆ⴖ#㍒⾂ⴂ#Ⳃ㬚#ጎ㝳⟖ᢦ⛞㚛#ኂ㏳⊂#
⟖ᢦ⛞㚛㡷⛯#⇍#ᢾ⻏ጎ㝳⳺Ḛⴖ#ⷂ㰖ⴖ⢛#␂ጎ#⍂⛛
จ୨ผ
Hwang, Jung-Hoon*
A Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Mode Choice and Mode Transfer to Public Transit by Mode-Choice Class for the Effective Transportation Demand Management Implement
ABSTRACT
Various schemes of transportation demand management(TDM) to discourage the use of cars and enhance public transit performance have been implemented in large cities. Nevertheless, policy effects in reducing car have not been satisfactory. Car-dependent travelers who tend to keep driving cars regardless of the change of the trip circumstances as such increase of travel time and cost according to car use or improvement of public transit service may be due to not according to utility reflecting mode-specific impedance and their own socio-economic characteristics. In this study, travelers were classified into four groups by their choice frequency of private car and public transit in unspecified multiple trip(car-dependent, car-choice, public transit-choice, public transit-dependent class). And the characteristics of each group were comparative analyzed. The results show that the group of a higher car-dependent is a higher priority on convenience and comfortability of the car when making decisions and the group of a lower of car-dependent is likely to change to public transit.
Key words : TDM, Mode-choice class, AHP, Car, Public transit
Ⅹಾ
ݡࠥෝᵲᝍᮝಽᬊ₉ᯕᬊᮥᨖᱽ⦹ŁݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᙹ݉ᇥݕශᮥᱽŁ┅ʑ᭥⦽݅᧲⦽Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᯕ⇵ḥࡹᨕ᪵ᮝӹᬊ₉☖
⧪ప᮹qᗭ᪡zᮡᱶ₦ᱢᯙ⬉ŝ۵∊ᇥ⦹݅Łᅝᙹᨧ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᬱᯙ᮹⦹ӹಽݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ᮹⨆ᔢᮥ☖⧕ᬊ₉ಽᇡ░᮹ᙹ݉ᱥ⪹ᮥ
ᮁࠥ⦹۵ᱶ₦ॅᯕݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᙹ݉ᱢ⬉ᬊᮥ᷾a┅۵⬉ŝ۵ᯩᨩᮝӹ༉ुᬊ₉ᯕᬊᯱᨱíݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽᱥ⪹⧁ᱶࠥ۵ᦥܩᨩ݅۵ä
ᮥॅᙹᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᨱƱ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᨱݡ⦽ᯙ᮹₉ᯕaᯩᮥäᮝಽᅕŁ, ᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪ᨱ ᕽᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥෝʑᵡᮝಽƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖(ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖, ᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖, ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖, ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖)ᮥᇥඹ⦹Łbĥ⊖ᄥ ಽᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᩢ⨆ᯙᨱݡ⦽ᯙၰƱ☖⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱݡ⦽☖⧪⧪┽᮹₉ᯕෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝಽᬊ₉᮹᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮥᙹಾ⠙ญ
⧉ᯕӹ⏭ᱢ⧉ŝzᮡᱶᖒᱢᯙᮥᵲᯙ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᵝ₉Ƚᱽӹ☖⧪eၰእᬊ᮹᷾a᪡zᮡƱ☖ᙹšญʑჶᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵
ᬊ₉᮹᮹᳕ࠥaԏᮥᙹಾݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽᱥ⪹ࢁa܆ᖒᯕ׳݅۵äᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ੱ⦽ᵝ₉Ƚᱽᱶ₦⇵ḥᵝᄡࠥಽ᮹ᵝ₉݉ᗮᯕᄲ⧪ࡹ
ᨕ⦹໑, Ğᱽᱢᯙᇡݕᮥaᵲ┅۵ႊჶᮝಽ۵ᵝ₉ɩŝzᯕᬊ₉ᯕᬊᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽၽᔾࡹ۵እᬊᅕ݅ᩑഭእᯙᔢŝzᯕᔢᱢ ᯙእᬊᇡݕᯕaᵲࢁᙹᯩ۵ႊჶᯕᅕ݅⬉ŝᱢᯕ۵ᱶ₦ᱢᯙᔍᱱᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
áᔪᨕ Ʊ☖ᙹšญ, Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾⊖, ĥ⊖ᇥᕾჶ, ᬊ₉, ݡᵲƱ☖
İࣀėॡ
1. ᕽು
1.1 ֜ଭࢼլࢫࡧୡ
ࠥƱ☖⪝ᰂၰ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝ॒ᬊ₉ᅕɪ⪶ݡᨱෙᱽၹ
ྙᱽॅᮡᔍ⫭ᱢྙᱽಽ ݡࢱࡹ໕ᕽݡࠥෝᵲᝍᮝಽᬊ₉
ᯕᬊᮥᨖᱽ⦹ŁݡᵲƱ☖ᯕᬊᮥⅪḥ┅ʑ᭥⦽݅᧲⦽Ʊ☖ᙹ
šญႊᦩᯕ⇵ḥࡹᨕ᪵ᮝӹ⧪⬉ŝaၙ⯂⦹Ñӹe⪚ᔢݡ ᱢᮝಽ׳ᮡᖒŝෝݍᖒ⦹ᩡ݅⦹ࠥ݉ʑᱢᯙ⬉ŝᨱə⊹۵
Ğ⨆ᮥ ᅕᩡ݅(Jung et al., 2011).
✚⯩ݡࠥෝᵲᝍᮝಽქᜅᱥᬊ₉ಽᱽӹɩ⧁ᯙᱽ, ქᜅᦩ ԕᱶᅕᱽŖ, ࠥ℁ࠥ᮹⪶∊, ⪹ℕĥ}ᖁ॒ŝzᯕḡᗮᱢᯙ
ݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ᮹ᱽŁෝ☖⧕ݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᙹ݉ᇡݕශᮥ׳ᯕಅ ۵יಆॅᯕᯩᨕ᪵ḡอ, ʑ᳕ݡᵲƱ☖ᯕᬊᯱ᮹ᕽእᜅaᱽŁࡹ
ᨩ݅۵⊂໕ᨱᕽ۵⬉ŝaᯩᮝӹᬊ₉ᯕᬊᯱ᮹ᙹ݉ᱥ⪹ᮝಽ
ᬊ₉☖⧪పᮥqᗭ┅ಅ۵ᱶ₦ᱢ⬉ŝ۵ʑݡอⓝ∊ᇥ⦹݅
Ł ᅝ ᙹ ᨧ݅.
ᯕ్⦽đŝ۵Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ᮹⧪ᨱෙᬊ₉ၰݡᵲ Ʊ☖᮹☖⧪eၰእᬊŝzᮡƱ☖⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Ł
ᬊ₉ෝᖁ┾⦹۵ĥ⊖ॅᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹ʑভྙᯝäᯕ݅. ᷪ, Ʊ☖ᙹ݉
ᖁ┾⧪┽ෝᇥᕾ⦹۵ߑձญᔍᬊࡹŁᯩ۵ᯕᔑᖁ┾༉⩶(Discrete choice mode)ᨱᕽᖅᄡᙹᯙݡᦩ᮹ⅾ⬉ᬊ(Total utility)ᨱᕽ
š⊂ࡹḡ ᦫ۵ ✚ᱶᙹ݉ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᖁ⪙ࠥӹ ᝍญᱢ ✚ᖒŝ zᮡ
⬉ᬊᗭa ∊ᇥ⯩ Łಅࡹḡ ᦫᦹʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
ᩩෝॅᨕᝁℕᱢᯙᱽ᧞ᯕᯩÑӹḢᨦᱢᯙ✚ᖒ, ᬊ₉a
ᵝ۵ ⠙ญ⧉ᯕӹ ⏭ᱢ⧉ ॒ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᬊ₉᮹ ᯕᬊኩࠥa ฯᮡ
ĥ⊖ᮡᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽ Ƚᱽӹݡℕᙹ݉ᯙݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᕽእᜅෝ
⨆ᔢ┅۵Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᯕ⧪ࡽ݅Ł⧕ࠥݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ
ᱥ⪹ࡹ۵ᱶ₦ᱢ⬉ŝ۵ၙ⯂⧁äᯕ݅. ၹ໕ᬊ₉ӹݡᵲƱ☖ᮥ
ᔢ⫊ᨱᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽᯕᬊ⦹۵ĥ⊖ᮡᔢݡᱢᮝಽݡᵲƱ☖ᮝ ಽᱥ⪹a܆ᖒᯕ׳ᦥḩᙹᯩ݅. ੱ⦽ᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⧁ᙹᨧ۵
ݡᵲƱ☖ ᮹᳕⊖ᮡ ᅕ݅ ӹᮡ ݡᵲƱ☖ ᕽእᜅෝ ☖⧕ ☖⧪᮹
อ᳒ࠥa ⨆ᔢࡹ۵ߑ ᮹ၙa ᯩᮥ äᯕ݅.
ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵☖⧪ᯱ᮹ᰁᰍᱢ✚ᖒᯕၹᩢࢁᙹᯩ۵
ᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹ݉
ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᮥᇥඹ⦹Łbĥ⊖ᄥಽƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵
ᯙॅᨱݡ⦽ᯙŝݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥ, ݡᵲƱ☖ᮝ ಽ᮹ ᱥ⪹ᮥ ᮁࠥ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᬊ₉ ᯕᬊᨖᱽ ᱶ₦ᗭᨱ ݡ⦽
ᯙ᮹₉ᯕෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕ᬊ₉ᯕᬊᮥ
ᨖᱽ⦹ŁݡᵲƱ☖ᯕᬊᮥⅪḥ┕ᮝಽᕽƱ☖ᙹෝšญ⦹Łᯱ
⦹۵Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ᮹⬉ŝᱢᯙ ⇵ḥᨱʑⅩaࡹ۵ᱶ₦ᱢ
ᔍᱱᮥ ᱽ⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.
1.2 ֜ଭࢺ࣑ࢫٛ
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ☖⧕ᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉
᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᨱݡ⦽Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ኩࠥෝ᳑ᔍ⦹ŁࢱƱ☖ᙹ݉ᨱ
ݡ⦽ᰁᰍᱢᯙƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖(Latent mode-choice class)ᮝಽ
ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖(Car-dependent, CD), ᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖(Car-choice, CC), ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖(Public transit-choice, PTC), ݡᵲƱ☖᮹
᳕⊖(Public transit-dependent, PTD)ᮝಽ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᮡÑ᮹༉ु☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹۵ĥ⊖ᯕ ໑, ᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖ᮡݡᇡᇥ᮹☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉ෝᖁ┾⦹ӹaҵᮡ
ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᖁ┾⦹۵ĥ⊖ᯕ໑, ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᮡᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖
ŝ ၹݡ᮹ }ֱᯕ݅. ੱ⦽ ݡᵲƱ☖ ᮹᳕⊖ᮡ ᬊ₉᮹ ᖁ┾ᯕ
ᱽ᧞ࡹÑӹ}ᯙᱢᯙ✚ᖒᨱ᮹⧕Ñ᮹༉ु☖⧪ᨱᕽݡᵲƱ☖ᮥ
ᖁ┾⦹۵ ĥ⊖ᮥ ᮹ၙ⦽݅.
ə్ӹƱ☖ᙹ݉᮹ᖁ┾ኩࠥಽᇡ░bĥ⊖ᮥᇥඹ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ ۵ᇥඹʑᵡᯕ⦥⦹໑, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᱶᖒᱢᯙʑᵡŝᱶపᱢᯙ
ʑᵡᮥእƱ⦹ᩍᇥඹ⦹ᩡ݅. ᷪᱶᖒᱢᯙʑᵡᮝಽ۵⠪ᗭ☖⧪ᨱ ᕽᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᨱݡ⦽ᖁ┾ᱶࠥෝ ჵᵝ⩶ᮝಽḩྙ⦹Ł
ᱶపᱢᯙ ʑᵡᮡ b ᙹ݉᮹ ᖁ┾ኩࠥෝ ḩྙ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ ☖⧕
ᱶపᱢᯙჵᵝᄥbƱ☖ᙹ݉᮹ᖁ┾ኩࠥෝ እƱ⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹ݉
ᖁ┾⊖᮹ ᇥඹʑᵡᮝಽ ⦹ᩡ݅.
ੱ⦽⬉ŝᱢᯙƱ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᮥ⇵ḥ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵bĥ⊖
ᄥƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾᮹ᩢ⨆ᯙᯕӹݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥ,
ᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽ᵝ₉Ƚᱽӹ☖⧪eၰእᬊ॒ŝzᮡƱ☖⪹Ğᨱ
ᄡ⪵ᨱݡ⦽ᯙ᮹₉ᯕෝŁಅ⧁⦥aᯩᮭᮥӹ┡ԕŁᯱƱ☖
ᙹ݉ ᖁ┾⊖ᄥಽ እƱ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ ᱶ₦ᱢᯙ ᔍᱱᮥ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.
2. ʑ᳕ᩑǍŁₑ
ຝᱡᅙᩑǍ᪡zᯕᬊ₉᮹᳕ᱢᯙ☖⧪ᯱॅ᮹✚ᖒᨱݡ⦽
ᩑǍಽEllaway et al.(2003) and Steg(2005)ᮡƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱ
ᯩᨕᬊ₉ෝᖁ⪙⦹۵ĥ⊖ᮡᬊ₉a݉ᙽ⯩Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᮝಽᕽ ᮹᮹ၙᅕ݅ᔢḶᱢᯕ໑ᱶᕽᱢᯙ᮹ၙaԕ⡍ࡹᨕᯩᮝ໑, ݡᵲƱ
☖ᅕ݅ᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⧁Ğᬑᬒq, ᯱᇡᝍ, ᯱᮉᖒ॒᮹ᝍญᱢ
⠙ᯖᮥ w۵݅Ł ⦹ᩡ݅.
ੱ⦽Sohn and Yun(2010)ᮡƱ☖⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ಽƱ☖ᙹ݉᮹
⬉ᬊᯕᄡ⪵⧉ᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹Łḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹۵ĥ⊖
ᮥ ᬊ₉ ᮹᳕⊖ᯕŁ ⦹Ł ᯕ్⦽ ĥ⊖ᮡ ʑ᳕ᨱ š⊂ࡹḡ
ᦫᮡᝍญᱢᯙᰁᰍᱢ✚ᖒᯕᯩᮭᮥӹ┡ԕŁᯕෝᰁᰍᄡᙹಽ
⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾༉⩶ᮥǍ⇶⦹Łə⬉ᬊᖒᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ੱ⦽
Kim et al.(2010), Bae et al.(2010)۵☖⧪ᯱ᮹ᕽᬙ᮹⦽v
ᙹᔢݡᵲƱ☖᯦ࠥᨱෙᙹ݉ᖁ┾᳑ᔍᯱഭෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᰁᰍᱢ
☖⧪⧪┽ෝᇥᕾ⦹Łᯕෝᰁᰍᄡᙹಽၹᩢ⦽ᙹ݉ᖁ┾༉⩶᮹ᱢ
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Respondents
Frequence
Gender Male 602(62.7%)
Female 358(37.3%)
Age
20~29 153(15.9%)
30~39 292(30.4%)
40~49 276(28.8%)
50~59 183(19.1%)
60 55(5.8%)
Job
Employee 447(46.6%)
Self-Employed 147(15.3%)
Student 161(16.8%)
Housewife 186(19.4%)
Jobless 19(1.9%)
Household Income (million won)
100< 35(3.6%)
100~300 310(32.3%)
300~500 403(42.0%)
500~1,000 180(18.8%)
1,000 32(3.3%)
Car Ownership
0 43(4.5%)
1 502(52.3%)
2 339(35.3%)
3 76(7.9%)
Driver Carrier (years)
0 186(19.3%)
2~5 57(5.9%)
5~10 112(11.6%)
10~15 165(17.2%)
15~25 208(21.7%)
25
⧊ᖒᨱ ݡ⧕ ᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅.
⦽⠙Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᨱš⦽ʑ᳕ᩑǍ۵ᱶ₦⧪ᨱෙ
Ʊ☖⧪┽᮹ᄡ⪵ӹᯕෝ☖⦽⬉ŝᇥᕾᯕᵝෝᯕŁᯩ݅. Lee et al.(1996)۵⪝ᰂ☖⧪ഭᇡŝ, ქᜅᱥᬊ₉ಽ⪶ݡᝅ, 10ᇡᱽ
᮹ྕ⪵, ⭹ၽᮁᖙᯙᔢ, ᵝ₉ഭᯙᔢ॒ŝzᮡᙹšญᱶ₦᮹
⬉ŝᇥᕾᮥ᭥⦹ᩍᗭाĥ⊖ᄥ☖ɝᯱෝݡᔢᮝಽᱶ₦⧪ᱥ⬥
᮹Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᄥⅾ☖⧪እᬊ᮹ᄡ⪵ෝእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕Łᗭा
ᱥ⪹ࢁa܆ᖒᯕ∊ᇥ⦹݅Ł⦹ᩡ݅. Hwang et al.(1998)۵ᕽᬙ
᮹aǍ☖⧪ᝅ┽᳑ᔍᯱഭෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ݅⧎ಽḴ༉⩶ᮥǍ⇶⦹Ł
ᯕෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹšญᱶ₦⇵ḥƱ☖ప᮹ᄡ⪵ෝᩩ⊂⦹
Ł ᱶ₦⬉ŝෝ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
ੱ⦽Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ᮹⬉ŝෝᇥᕾ⧉ᨱᯩᨕƱ☖᮹⬉ᮉᖒ ᐱอᦥܩᗭाĥ⊖ᄥ⩶⠪ᖒ⊂໕ᨱᕽࠥŁಅ⧕⧉ᮥᱽ⦽
ᩑǍࠥᯩ݅. Oh(2005)۵ᔍಡḡᩎᮥݡᔢᮝಽ⪝ᰂ☖⧪ഭ, ᵝ⧪
ᖙ, ქᜅᱥᬊ₉ಽᱽ, 10ᇡᱽ॒օaḡႊᦩᨱݡ⦹ᩍᗭाĥ⊖ᄥ ಽƱ☖⬉ᮉᖒŝ⩶⠪ᖒ⬉ŝෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝ⪝ᰂ☖⧪ഭ᪡
ᵝ⧪ᖙ۵Ʊ☖⬉ᮉᖒ⬉ŝ۵᷾ݡ┅ӹ⩶⠪ᖒ⬉ŝ۵qᗭ┅
໑, ქᜅᱥᬊ₉ಽᱽ۵ᯕ༉ࢱෝ᷾ݡ┅۵ᱶ₦ႊᦩᯥᮥӹ┡ԕ ᨩ݅.
↽ɝᨱ۵ Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ ⇵ḥᨱ ෙ Ʊ☖⧪┽᮹ ᄡ⪵ෝ
Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾༉⩶ᮝಽǍ⇶⦹Łᯕෝ☖⧕ݡʑ᪅ᩝ᮹}ᖁ⬉ŝෝ
ᇥᕾ⦽ ᩑǍa ᯩ݅(Jung et al., 2011; Lee and Kim, 2005).
ᯕᔢ᮹ ʑ᳕ ᩑǍಽᇡ░ ᅙ ᩑǍ᮹ ₉ᯕᱱᮡ ʑ᳕᮹ ᩑǍa
ᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹۵☖⧪ᯱॅᮡᬊ₉aaḡ۵ᙹ݉ᱢ✚ᖒᨱ
ᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽ᝍญᱢᗭ(ᔢḶᖒ, ᬒq, ᯱᮉᖒ॒)aᯩᮭᮥ
ӹ┡ԕÑӹᯕෝၽᱥ⍽ᝍญᱢᯙᗭෝᱶప⪵⦹ᩍᰁᰍᄡᙹಽ ᕽʑ᳕᮹ᙹ݉ᖁ┾༉⩶ᨱၹᩢ⦹ᩍᰁᰍᄡᙹ᮹⬉ᬊᖒᮥᱽ⦹۵ ߑəⅅ݅໕, ᅙᩑǍ۵ᬊ₉ᯕᬊᯱॅᨱǎ⦽⦹ḡᦫŁᱥℕ
☖⧪ᯱෝᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᨱݡ⦽᮹᳕ࠥᨱĥ⊖ᮥǍᇥ⦹Ł
ᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅۵ äᯕ݅. ੱ⦽ ʑ᳕᮹ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ☖⧪ᯱ᮹ ᝍญᱢ
✚ᖒᮝಽᇡ░ᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽᮹᳕ࠥෝ❭ᦦ⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖
ᮥᇥญ⦽ၹ໕, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᇩ✚ᖒ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪ᨱᕽƱ☖ᙹ݉᮹
ᖁ┾đŝෝᯕᬊ⧉ᮝಽᕽ☖⧪ᯱ᮹ᝍญᱢ✚ᖒŝᝅḩᱢᮝಽ✚ᱶ
Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᮹᳕ࠥa ݅ෝ ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ႑ᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
ӹᦥa ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ʑ᳕᮹ Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ᮹ ᱶ₦ᱢᯙ
⬉ŝᇥᕾᨱš⦽ᩑǍॅᯕ⬉ᬊɚݡ⪵ᯕುᨱʑⅩ⦽ᙹ݉ᖁ┾༉
⩶ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍⅾపᱢᯙᱶ₦⬉ŝෝᇥᕾ⦽äŝݍญᬊ₉᮹
ᯕᬊኩࠥᨱෙĥ⊖ᄥಽ ☖⧪⧪┽ӹƱ☖⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱݡ⦽
ᯙ᮹₉ᯕෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᅕ݅⬉ŝᱢᯙƱ☖ᙹšญႊᦩ᮹
⇵ḥᮥ ᭥⦽ ʑⅩᯱഭෝ ᱽ⦽݅۵ ᱱᨱ ᩑǍ᮹ ᮹᮹ෝ ࢱŁ
ᯩ݅.
3. Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᇥඹ
3.1 ंজୀ߹
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᯕᬊᨱݡ⦽ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝᝅ
⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᳑ᔍݡᔢᮡݡǍᨱÑᵝ⦹۵20ݡᯕᔢԉ֡960ᮥ
ǍǑᄥಽྕ᯲᭥ಽ⇵⇽⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᝁᙹᵡ95%ᨱᕽ⢽ᅙ᪅₉۵
3.2%ᯕ݅.
ᖅྙ᳑ᔍ᮲ݖᯱ᮹✚ᖒᮡTable 1ᨱӹ┡ԙäŝzᯕԉᖒᯕ
62.7%, ᩍᖒᯕ37.3%ᯕ໑, ᩑಚᮡ30ݡa30.4%ಽaᰆฯŁ
݅ᮭᮝಽ40ݡ28.8%, 50ݡ19.1% ॒᮹ᙽᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. Ḣᨦᄥ ಽ۵Ḣᰆᯙᯕ46.6%, ᵝᇡ19.4%, ⦺ᔾ16.8% ॒ᯕ໑, aǍᗭा
ᮡ300~500อᬱၙอᯕ42.0%, 100~300อᬱၙอᯕ32.3% ॒ᮝ ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. aǍݚᯱ࠺₉ᅕᮁݡᙹ۵1ݡa52.3%, 2ݡ35.3%, 3ݡ ᯕᔢ 7.9%ᯕ໑, ྕᅕᮁ۵ 4.5%ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
Table 2. Crosstable of Qualitative and Quantitative Reponses Frequency of car choice(of ten times)
Total
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Almost Car 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 151 237 399 Mostly car and
sometimes transit 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 86 85 11 0 189 Mostly transit and
sometimes car 0 5 84 64 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 157 Almost Transit 172 31 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 Total 172 36 95 67 2 0 5 90 94 162 237 960
Table 3. Classification Criteria of Mode-Choice Class Qualitative
criteria
Quantitative criteria (Car use)
Sample (persons)
CD Almost Car 9~10 times 388
CC Mostly car and
sometimes transit 7~8 times 171 PTC Mostly transit and
sometimes car 2~3 times 148
PTD Almost Transit 0~1 times 203
Fig. 1. Gender Ratio by Mode-Choice Group
Fig. 2. Age Ratio by Mode-Choice Group
3.2 ֗ധۚটծ౾ंࠑ
3.2.1 ंࠑࢺ࣑ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖᮹ᇥඹ۵ᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪
ᨱᕽᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᙹ݉᮹ᖁ┾ኩࠥᨱᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ
☖᮹᳕⊖, ᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽᯕᬊ⦹ࡹᔢݡᱢᯙ
ᖁ┾ኩࠥᨱᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᮝಽᇥඹ⦹ᩡ݅.
օaḡಽᇥඹࡽƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖᮹ᇥඹʑᵡᮡᬊ₉᪡
ݡᵲƱ☖ᙹ݉ᨱݡ⦽ᯕᬊኩࠥෝᱶᖒᱢᯙႊჶŝᱶపᱢᯙႊჶ ᮝಽ ḩྙ⦹Ł ᯕෝ Ʊ₉Ḳĥ⦹ᩍ ʑᵡᮥ ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ຝᱡ ⠪ᗭ
☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ☖ᙹ݉ᨱݡ⦽ᯕᬊᱶࠥෝ‘Ñ᮹ᬊ
₉’, ‘ᵝಽᬊ₉ᯕӹaҵᮡݡᵲƱ☖’, ‘ᵝಽݡᵲƱ☖ᯕӹaҵ
ᮡᬊ₉’, ‘Ñ᮹ݡᵲƱ☖’ᮝಽ4݉ĥಽᱶᖒᱢᯙḩྙᮥ⦹ᩡ݅.
ə్ӹᱶᖒᱢᯙḩྙᨱݡ⧕᮲ݖᯱᨱᵝšᱢᯙ⧕ᕾ᮹
₉ᯕaᯩᮥᙹᯩ݅Ł❱݉⦹ᩍᅕ᪥ḩྙᮝಽ⠪ᗭ⇽ɝၰᨦྕ, ᙝ⦲, }ᯙᬊྕ॒᮹༊ᱢᮝಽ10ჩ☖⧪ᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ☖ᙹ݉
᮹ᖁ┾⫭ᙹෝḩྙ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁᱶᖒᱢᯙ⧎༊ᄥᱶపᱢᯙ᮲ݖ
እᮉᮥ Ʊ₉Ḳĥ⦹ᩍ እƱ⦹ᩡ݅.
Table 2ᨱӹ┡ԙäŝzᯕᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ☖ᙹ݉ᨱݡ⦽
ᱶᖒᱢᯙჵᵝᄥᱶపᱢᯙᯕᬊኩࠥ۵‘Ñ᮹ᬊ₉’Ł᮲ݖ⦽
Ğᬑ᮹ ᬊ₉ ᯕᬊኩࠥ۵ 9~10⫭ ᱶࠥᯕ໑, ᵝಽ ᬊ₉ᯕӹ
aҵᮡݡᵲƱ☖ᯕŁ᮲ݖ⦽Ğᬑ۵7~8⫭, ၹݡಽaҵᬊ₉ ۵2~3⫭, Ñ᮹ݡᵲƱ☖ᮡ0~1⫭ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᱶᖒᱢᯙ᮲ݖŝ
ᱶపᱢᯙ ᮲ݖ᮹ đŝᨱ ₉ᯕa ᯩ۵ ᯱഭ۵ ᗭᙹಽ ᇥᕾᨱᕽ
ᱽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕෝ ☖⦽ Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ ᖁ┾⊖᮹ ᇥඹʑᵡᮡ Table 3ŝ zᮝ໑ ᇥᕾᨱ ᯕᬊ⦽ ⅾ ⢽ᅙᙹ۵ 910}ᯕ݅.
ᯕᵲᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᮡᱥℕ᮹42.6%ಽaᰆฯᮡእᵲᮥ₉ḡ⦹
Łᯩᮝ໑, ݅ᮭᮝಽქᜅ᮹᳕⊖22.3%, ᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖18.8%, ݡᵲƱ☖ ᖁ┾⊖ 16.3%ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
3.2.2 ֗ധۚটծ౾Թনण֗
ᇥඹࡽƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥ}ᯙ✚ᖒᮝಽԉᖒᮡᬊ₉᮹᳕
⊖ᯕ57.3%ಽaᰆฯᮡၹ໕, ᩍᖒᮡ40.5%aݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᮝ ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖ʭḡ⡍⧉⦹໕ԉᖒ᮹79.3%aᬊ
₉ෝᵝಽᯕᬊ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ӹԉᖒᯕᩍᖒᅕ݅ᬊ₉᮹᳕ࠥ
a ׳݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅(Fig. 1).
ᩑಚᄥಽ۵30ݡ, 40ݡ, 50ݡ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᯕ50% ᯕᔢᮝಽ
aᰆฯŁ, ݅ᮭᮝಽᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖, ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖
॒᮹ ᙽᮝಽ ᮁᔍ⦽ ᇥ⡍ෝ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ၹ໕ 20ݡ۵ ݡᵲƱ☖
᮹᳕⊖ᯕ76.3%ಽaᰆฯŁ, ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᯕ2.9%ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ ໑, 60ݡ۵ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᯕ41.5%, ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᯕ34.0%ಽ
ӹ┡ӹĞᱽ⪽࠺ᯕ⪽ၽ⦽30~50ݡ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮡäᮝ ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅(Fig. 2).
aǍᗭाᄥಽ۵ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᮥᱽ⦹Łᗭाᙹᵡᯕ׳ᮥ
ᙹಾᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊኩࠥa׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝӹݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕
Fig. 3. Household Income Ratio by Mode-Choice Group
Fig. 4. Job Ratio by Mode-Choice Group
Table 4. Weights by Mode Choice Class
Travel Time Convenience Comfortability Cost
CD 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.18
CC 0.31 0.25 0.24 0.20
PTC 0.39 0.19 0.18 0.24
PTD 0.41 0.19 0.19 0.21
Total 0.34 0.23 0.22 0.21
⊖ᮡᗭाᙹᵡᯕԏᮥᙹಾݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ
݅(Fig. 3).
Ḣᨦᄥಽ۵⇽ɝၰᨦྕ☖⧪ᯕฯᮡḢᰆᯙŝᯱᩢᨦ᮹Ğᬑ
ᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮡၹ໕, ⦺ᔾŝྕḢᮡݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕ࠥ
a׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᵝᇡ۵݅ෙḢᨦᅕ݅ᬊ₉ӹݡᵲƱ☖
ᮥᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽᯕᬊ⦹۵ᖁ┾⊖ᯕእᮉ39.0%ಽaᰆฯᮝ໑, ⦺ᔾ ŝྕḢᅕ݅۵ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖᮹እᮉᯕԏíӹ┡ԍ݅(Fig. 4).
4. Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᩢ⨆ᯙእƱᇥᕾ
4.1 ंজࢺ࣑
Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱᯩᨕbᙹ݉᮹ⅾ⬉ᬊᮡš⊂a܆⦽đᱶᱢ
⬉ᬊᗭ᪡⪶ශᱢ⬉ᬊᗭಽᯕᨕḡ໑, đᱶᱢ⬉ᬊᮡᙹ݉᮹
✚ᖒŝ☖⧪ᯱ᮹ᔍ⫭Ğᱽᱢ✚ᖒᮝಽǍᖒࡽ݅. ᙹ݉᮹✚ᖒᮡ
ᵝಽ☖⧪eŝ☖⧪እᬊ॒ᯕŁಅࡹḡอ, š⊂ࡹḡᦫ۵ᙹ݉᮹
⠙ญ⧉ᯕӹ ⏭ᱢ⧉, ᦩᱥᖒ ੱ۵ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊽݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᙹ݉✚ᖒᮝಽ
༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ᗭe, ☖⧪እᬊ, ⠙ญ⧉ŝ⏭ᱢ⧉ᮥŁಅ⦹Ł, ᯕᨱ ݡ⧕ Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ ĥ⊖ᄥಽ ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱ ᯩᨕ ྕᨨᮥ
ᵲ⦹í ᯙ⦹۵ḡෝ እƱ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᇥᕾႊჶᮝಽ۵ᖅྙ᳑ᔍᨱᕽ༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ᯕ࠺ᙹ݉ᮝಽᕽ
ᬊ₉ӹݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᖁ┾⦹۵ʑᵡᮝಽbᖁ┾ᯙᨱݡ⦽ᝮݡ
እƱႊᮝಽᵲࠥෝḩྙ⦹ᩡŁ, AHPʑჶ(Hierarchy Process:
ĥ⊖ᇥᕾႊჶ)ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᙹ݉ᖁ┾᮹ᩢ⨆ᯙᨱݡ⦽ᵲࠥෝ
ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
4.2 ۚটઽේ૬ଭण֗ंজ
ᇥᕾđŝෝTable 4ᨱӹ┡ԕᨩᮝ໑, ᱥℕᱢᮝಽ༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹
ᗭeᨱݡ⧕ᵲࠥa0.34ಽaᰆ׳ᦹᮝ໑, ݅ᮭᮝಽ⠙ญ⧉
(0.23), ⏭ᱢ⧉(0.22), እᬊ(0.21) ॒᮹ ᙽᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥಽ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖ᮡݡᵲƱ☖
᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖ᨱእ⧕ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ⠙ญ⧉ŝ⏭ᱢᖒᮥᵲ⦹í
ᯙ⦹Łᯩ۵ၹ໕, ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ၰ᮹᳕⊖ᮡ༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹
ᗭe ၰ እᬊᨱ ݡ⧕ ᵲࠥa ׳ᮡ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
✚⯩༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ᗭeᨱݡ⧕ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖᮹ᵲࠥ
a0.41ಽaᰆᵲ⦹íᯙ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ☖⧪እᬊᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵
ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᯕ0.24ಽaᰆ׳íӹ┡ԍ݅. ੱ⦽ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖
ᮡ⠙ญ⧉ᯕ0.27ಽ݅ෙĥ⊖ᅕ݅ᵲࠥa׳ᮝ໑, ☖⧪እᬊᨱ
ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ 0.18ಽ aᰆ ԏᮡ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᬊ₉ෝᵝಽᯕᬊ⦹ӹᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᯕᬊ⦹۵ᬊ
₉ᖁ┾⊖ᮡeᯕӹ⏭ᱢ⧉ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ŝ₉ᯕa
ᨧᮝӹ⠙ญ⧉ᅕ݅۵☖⧪እᬊᨱݡ⧕ᵲࠥa׳ᦥᬊ₉ၰ
ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ☖⧪እᬊᨱƱ☖ᙹ݉ ᖁ┾ᯕᮁ࠺ᱢᯝ
ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.
5. ݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅอ᳒ࠥእƱ
Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ⧎༊ᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥෝ
እƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵Ʊ☖ᙹšญᱶ₦ᨱᯩᨕᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽⬉
ᬊ᮹ᨖᱽ᪡ᇩᨕḡᗮᱢᯙݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ᮹ᱽŁෝ☖⧕ݡᵲ Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᮝಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᮥࠥ༉⦽݅۵⊂໕ᨱᕽbĥ⊖ᄥಽݡᵲƱ☖
ᕽእᜅ⧎༊ᨱݡ⦽⩥ᰍ᮹อ᳒ࠥෝ❭ᦦ⦹Łĥ⊖e᮹₉ᯕෝ
እƱ ᇥᕾ⧉ᮝಽᕽ ᱶ₦⇵ḥ᮹ ႊ⨆ᮥ ༉ᔪ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ äᯕ݅.
ݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ⧎༊ᮝಽ۵ɩ, ༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ᗭe, ⪹
, ₉ԕ⪝ᰂᨱݡ⦹ᩍๅᬑอ᳒ᇡ░ๅᬑᇩอ᳒ʭḡ5ᱱࠥ(3 ᱱᮡᅕ☖ᮥ᮹ၙ)ಽ❭ᦦ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝෝTable 5ᨱᱶญ⦹ᩡ
Table 5. Satisfaction Index by Mode Choice Class
Total Fare Travel Time Transfer Crowdedness
CD 3.22 3.29 3.20 3.34 2.85
CC 3.10 3.11 3.05 3.16 2.79
PTC 3.06 3.33 2.98 3.30 2.73
PTD 3.05 3.02 2.98 3.22 2.88
Total 3.14 3.19 3.10 3.27 2.83
Table 6. Summary Statistics for ANOVA
S.S M.S F Sig.
Total
Between 3.039 1.013 4.486 0.004*
Within 110.640 0.226 ¿ ¿
Total 113.678 ¿ ¿ ¿
Fare
Between 7.435 2.478 4.002 0.008*
Within 303.431 0.619 ¿ ¿
Total 310.866 ¿ ¿ ¿
Travel Time
Between 4.749 1.583 2.688 0.046*
Within 280.852 0.589 ¿ ¿
Total 285.601 ¿ ¿ ¿
Transfer
Between 2.594 0.865 1.374 0.25
Within 300.271 0.629 ¿ ¿
Total 302.865 ¿ ¿ ¿
Crowded ness
Between 0.964 0.321 0.45 0.717
Within 341.786 0.714 ¿ ¿
Total 342.749 ¿ ¿ ¿
Table 7. The Result of Multiple Range Test
Total Fare Travel Time
1 2 1 2 1 2
CD 3.222 3.333 3.201
CC 3.102 3.102 3.288 3.050 3.050
PTC 3.055 3.107 3.107 2.984
PTD 3.047 3.016 2.975
ᮝ໑, ༉ुĥ⊖ᨱᕽᅕ☖ᯕᔢ᮹อ᳒ࠥෝӹ┡ԕᨩᮝ໑, ĥ⊖ᄥಽ ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᯕ 3.22ಽaᰆ׳Ł݅ᮭᮝಽᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖
(3.10), ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖(3.06), ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖(3.05)᮹ᙽᮝಽ
ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᕽእᜅ⧎༊ᄥಽ۵₉ԕ⪝ᰂᯕ2.88ಽᅕ☖ᯕ⦹ಽᇩอ᳒ᮥ
ӹ┡ԕᨩḡอ, ə⧎༊ᨱᕽ۵༉ࢱ3.0 ᯕᔢᮝಽᅕ☖ᯕᔢᯙ
äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. aᰆอ᳒ࠥa׳ᮡäᮡ⪹(3.27)ᮝಽᯕ۵
ᖅྙ᳑ᔍ⪹ᨱෙᝁℕᱢᯙᇡݕqᯕᦥܩ⪹ℕĥ(ᱲɝ ᖒ, ྕഭ⪹)ᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥෝḩྙ⦹ᩡʑভྙᯙäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.
bᕽእᜅ⧎༊ᄥ, ĥ⊖ᄥ₉ᯕෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᯝᬱ႑⊹
ᇥᔑᇥᕾ(Oneway ANOVA)ᮥᝅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, əđŝෝTable 6ᨱᱶญ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝᱥℕอ᳒ࠥ᪡ɩ, ᗭeᮡᮁ᮹ᙹ ᵡ0.05ᨱᕽ☖ĥᱢᮝಽᮁ᮹⦽₉ᯕaᯩᮝ໑, ⪹ၰ₉ԕ⪝ᰂᮡ
ᮁ᮹⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
☖ĥᱢᮝಽᮁ᮹⦽⧎༊ᨱݡ⦹ᩍᔍ⬥áᱶᮥᝅ⦹໕, Table 7ᨱӹ┡ԙäŝzᯕᱥℕอ᳒ࠥᨱĥ⊖e᮹₉ᯕෝእƱ⦹
໕ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ŝݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾ၰ᮹᳕⊖eᨱ₉ᯕaᯩᮝ໑,
ɩᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕ၰᖁ┾⊖ŝݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖, ༊ᱢḡ ʭḡ᮹ᗭe᮹Ğᬑ۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ŝݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕ၰᖁ┾
⊖ eᨱ อ᳒ࠥᨱ ݡ⦽ ₉ᯕa ᯩ۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᬊ₉᮹᳕ၰᖁ┾⊖ᯕݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕ၰᖁ┾⊖ᅕ݅ᱥၹᱢᮝ ಽݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥa׳íӹ┡ӽäᮡݡᵲƱ☖
ᯕᬊኩࠥaԏᮡĥ⊖᮹Ğᬑฯᮡĥ⊖ᅕ݅ݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅෝ
❱݉⧁ᙹᯩ۵ℕqኩࠥaԏʑভྙᮝಽ❱݉ࡹ໑, ੱ⦽ᬊ₉ෝ
ᯕᬊ⦹۵ĥ⊖ᯕ݉ḡݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅᨱᔢݡᱢᮝಽᇩอ᳒ᜅ
ʑভྙᮡᦥܩ۵äᮥᅕᩍᵝŁᯩ݅. ᷪݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅෝ
׳ᯕ۵ᱶ₦อᮝಽ۵ᬊ₉ಽᇡ░᮹ᱥ⪹ᮥʑݡ⦹ʑ۵ᨕಖ݅۵
äᮥ eᱲᱢᮝಽ ᔍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
6. Ʊ☖ᙹšญᱶ₦ᗭᄥݡᵲƱ☖ᱥ⪹᮹እƱ
ᬊ₉ᯕᬊᮥᵥᯕʑ᭥⦽Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊᦩᮡݡℕƱ☖ᙹ݉
ᯙݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᕽእᜅෝᱽŁ⦹ᩍݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾ᨱෙ⬉ᬊᮥ
׳ᯕ۵äᐱอᦥܩᬊ₉᮹⬉ᬊᮥԏ⇽ᙹᯩ۵ᵝ₉Ƚᱽӹ
☖⧪እᬊၰ☖⧪eᮥ᷾a┍⦥aᯩ݅. ə్ӹᦿᕽᇥᕾࡽ
ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᩢ⨆ᯙၰݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅ อ᳒ࠥ᮹Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾
ĥ⊖ᄥእƱᇥᕾđŝᨱᕽࠥӹ┡ԍॐᯕᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥᨱ
ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᨱᯩᨕᵲ⦹۵ᯙᯕ݅Ł⩥ᰍ᮹ݡᵲƱ☖
ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥੱ⦽ݍᬊ₉ᯕᬊᮥᵥᯕʑ᭥⦽Ʊ☖ᙹ
šญႊᦩᨱ ݡ⦽ ☖⧪⧪┽ࠥ ݅ෝ äᯕ݅.
ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊᨖᱽෝ᭥⦽Ʊ☖ᙹšญႊ
ᦩ᮹ ʑჶ ᵲ ᵝ₉Ƚᱽ᪡ ☖⧪እᬊ᮹ ᷾a, ☖⧪e᮹ ᷾aᨱ
ݡ⦹ᩍƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥಽݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ᮹ᱥ⪹᮹ᮥእƱ
ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩍʑᕽݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᮡᬊ₉ᯕᬊᯕÑ᮹ᨧÑӹ
ᇩa܆⦽ ĥ⊖ᮝಽ ᇥᕾᨱᕽ ᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
6.1 ఙऀ୪ෘ
ᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ☖⧪⧁Ğᬑ༊ᱢḡᨱᕽ10ᇡᱽӹ5ᇡᱽ(
ᯝᱽ)᪡zᯕᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽ᇡᱽᬕ⧪ᮥ⧪⦹Łᯩ݅໕ᨕਜí
⦹ā۵aෝḩྙ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ73.8%, ᬊ₉
ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ47.2%, ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᮡ18.4%aݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ā
Fig. 5. Behavior Change for Road Space Rationing Fig. 6. Behavior Change for Fuel Cost Increase
Fig. 7. Behavior Change for Parking Fees Increase
Fig. 8. Behavior Change for Travel Time Increase
݅Ł᮲ݖ⦹ᩍᬊ₉ᨱ ݡ⦽᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮥᙹಾݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ
ᱥ⪹ᮉᯕԏᮡၹ໕, ┾ᯕᬊᯕӹ݅ෙ₉పᮥᯕᬊ⦹۵እᮉᯕ
׳íӹ┡ԍ݅. ✚⯩ᵝᄡࠥಽᨱᇩჶᵝ₉ෝ┾⦽እᮉᯕᬊ₉
᮹᳕⊖ᯕ24.1%, ᖁ┾⊖ᯕ15.9%ಽӹ┡ӹᬊ₉ᇡᱽᬕ⧪⧪
ᵝᄡࠥಽᨱݡ⦽ᵝ₉݉ᗮᯕᄲ⧪ࡹᨕ⧉ᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅(Fig. 5).
6.2 ധෘणஹԧ
☖⧪እᬊᮝಽᩑഭእ᪡ᵝ₉እ᷾aᨱݡ⧕Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖
ᄥಽ ݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ᮹ ᱥ⪹ ᮹ᮥ እƱ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ຝᱡ ⩥ᰍ
ᩑഭእaญ░ݚ1,900ᬱᯙߑᨕ۱ᱶࠥಽᯙᔢࡹ໕ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥ
ᯕᬊ⦹ā۵a۵ḩྙᨱݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᯕᩑഭእ᷾aᨱݡ⧕
ၝq⦹í ၹ᮲⦹ᩍ ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ā݅Ł ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᬊ₉
ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ1,900ᬱᨱᕽ2,500ᬱᮝಽ᷾a⧁ভ57.0%, 3,500ᬱᯕ ໕ᱥℕ᮹83.2%aݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ā݅Ł⦹ᩍݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾
⊖ŝ݅ᗭ₉ᯕ۵ᯩᮝӹᩑഭእ᷾aᨱݡ⧕ၝq⦹íၹ᮲⦹ᩡ݅.
ၹ໕, ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᮡ3,500ᬱʭḡᯙᔢࢁĞᬑ40.8%, 5,000ᬱᯕ ໕72.3%aݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ᮹ᱥ⪹᮹ᔍaᯩ݅Ł⦹ᩡ݅. ✚⯩ᩑഭ እᯙᔢŝšĥᨧᯕᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹ā݅۵እᮉᯕ18.0%ಽᬊ
₉ᖁ┾⊖ᯕ4.7%ᯙäŝእƱ⦹ᩍᬊ₉ᨱݡ⦽᮹᳕ࠥaๅᬑ
׳í ӹ┡ԍ݅(Fig. 6).
ᵝ₉እ᷾aᨱෙƱ☖⧪┽᮹ᄡ⪵ෝᔕ⠕ᅕʑ᭥⦹ᩍ1e ษ݅ᵝ₉ɩᯕᨕ۱ᱶࠥᯕ໕ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᯕᬊ⧁äᯙḡෝḩྙ
⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ3,000ᬱᨱᕽ50.0%, 5,000ᬱᯕ໕٥ᱢ
83.8%ಽᵝ₉እ᷾aᨱ݅ෙĥ⊖ᅕ݅ๅᬑၝq⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ
݅. ᬊ₉ ᖁ┾⊖ࠥ ݡᵲƱ☖ ᖁ┾⊖ᅕ݅ ԏᮝӹ 5,000ᬱᨱᕽ
٥ᱢ73.8%ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ၹ໕ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ᮡ3,000ᬱᯙĞᬑ
6.7%, 5,000ᬱᯕ໕٥ᱢ45.8%ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ✚⯩8.9%۵ᵝ₉
ɩ᷾a᪡šĥᨧᯕ ᬊ₉ෝᯕᬊ⦹ā݅۵᮹ᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅
(Fig. 7).
6.3 ധෘਏԩஹԧ
༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ᗭeᄡ⪵ᨱෙƱ☖⧪┽ᄡ⪵ಽᕽᵝࡽ
༊ᱢʭḡƱ☖⪝ᰂၰ☖⧪Ƚᱽ॒ᮝಽᗭeᯕ⩥ᰍ᪡እƱ⧕
ᨕ۱ ᱶࠥ ᷾a⦹໕ ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ā۵ḡෝ ḩྙ⦹ᩡ݅.
݅ෙƱ☖⪹Ğᄡ⪵ᗭ᪡ษ₍aḡಽݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᯕṈᮡ
ᗭe᷾aᨱࠥݡᵲƱ☖ᮥᖁ┾⦹ā݅Ł⦽ၹ໕, ᬊ₉ᖁ┾
⊖ၰ᮹᳕⊖ᮡᔢݡᱢᮝಽʕᗭe᷾aᨱᕽƱ☖⧪┽᮹
ᄡ⪵ෝ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅(Fig. 8).
7. đುၰ⨆⬥ᩑǍŝᱽ
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᬊ₉᪡ݡᵲƱ☖ᮥݡᔢᮝಽᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹
☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥᨱᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᩢ⨆ᯙᯕӹݡᵲ Ʊ☖ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽อ᳒ࠥ, ☖⧪eᯕӹእᬊ, ᵝ₉Ƚᱽ॒Ʊ☖⪹
Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱݡ⦽☖⧪⧪┽ᨱ₉ᯕaᯩᮭᮥᱽ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᯕෝ᭥⧕ຝᱡᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ☖⧕ᇩ✚ᱶ݅ᙹ᮹☖⧪ᨱᕽᬊ₉
᪡ݡᵲƱ☖᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥෝ᳑ᔍ⦹Łᯕෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊ ኩࠥᨱᬊ₉ၰݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ŝᖁ┾⊖ᮝಽƱ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ
┾ ĥ⊖ᮥ ᇥඹ⦹Ł ĥ⊖ᄥ ₉ᯕෝ እƱ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
ຝᱡᙹ݉ᖁ┾ᩢ⨆ᯙᯙ☖⧪eŝእᬊ, ⠙ญ⧉ŝ⏭ᱢ⧉ᨱ
ݡ⧕AHPʑჶᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖ᄥಽᵲࠥෝᇥᕾ⦽
đŝ, ༉ुĥ⊖ᨱᕽ☖⧪eᮥaᰆᵲ⦹໑, ᬊ₉ᯕᬊኩࠥ
aԏᮡĥ⊖ᯝᙹಾᵲ⦹íᯙ⦹Łᯩ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
ੱ⦽ᬊ₉ෝฯᯕᯕᬊ⦹۵ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖ᮡ⠙ญ⧉ŝ
⏭ᱢ⧉ᮥ☖⧪እᬊᅕ݅ᵲ⦹ḡอ, ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖
ᮡ☖⧪e݅ᮭᮝಽ☖⧪እᬊᮥᵲ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
⩥ᰍ᮹ݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽⧎༊ᄥอ᳒ࠥᇥᕾᨱᕽ۵☖⧪
eၰɩ, ⪹, ₉ԕ⪝ᰂᵲ༉ुĥ⊖ᨱᕽ₉ԕ⪝ᰂᨱݡ⦽
อ᳒ࠥaaᰆԏᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ĥ⊖ᄥಽ☖ĥᱢᮝಽᮁ᮹⦽
₉ᯕෝӹ┡ԙäᮡ ☖⧪eŝɩᮝಽᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥa
ฯᮡĥ⊖ᯝᙹಾอ᳒ࠥa׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ۵ݡᵲƱ☖᮹
ᯕᬊኩࠥ₉ᯕᨱෙℕqอ᳒ࠥ᮹₉ᯕಽᅝᙹᯩᮝӹᵲ⦽
ÕݡᵲƱ☖ᕽእᜅෝ׳ᯕ۵ᱶ₦อᮝಽ۵ᬊ₉ಽᇡ░᮹ᱥ⪹
ᮥ ʑݡ⦹ʑ۵ ᨕಖ݅۵ äᮥ eᱲᱢᮝಽ ᔍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
ݡᵲƱ☖᮹᳕⊖ᮥᱽ⦽ᬊ₉ᯕᬊĥ⊖ᨱݡ⦽Ʊ☖ᙹš ญᱶ₦ᗭᄥ(ᵝ₉Ƚᱽ, ☖⧪እᬊၰe᷾a) ݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ᮹
ᱥ⪹᮹ᮥ እƱ⦽ đŝ, ຝᱡ ᵝ₉Ƚᱽ᮹ Ğᬑ ᬊ₉ᨱ ݡ⦽
᮹᳕ࠥa׳ᮥᙹಾݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾እᮉᯕԏᮡၹ໕, ┾᮹ᖁ┾እ ᮉᯕ׳Łੱ⦽ᵝᄡࠥಽᨱᇩჶᵝ₉⦹ā݅۵እᮉᯕ׳íӹ┡ԍ
݅. ᯕ۵ᵝ₉Ƚᱽෝ☖⦽ᱶ₦⇵ḥᵝᄡࠥಽᨱݡ⦽ᵝ₉݉ᗮᯕ
ᄲ⧪ࡹᨕ ᱶ₦ᱢᯙ ⬉ŝෝ ׳ᯝ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ äᮥ ᅕᩍ ᵡ݅.
ᩑഭእӹᵝ₉እᬊŝzᯕ☖⧪እᬊᮥ᷾a┅۵Ğᬑ, ษ₍a ḡಽᬊ₉ᯕᬊኩࠥa׳ᮥᙹಾݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽᱥ⪹እᮉᯕԏí
ӹ┡ԍᮝӹᬊ₉ᖁ┾⊖ᮡᵝ₉እᬊ᷾aᨱݡᵲƱ☖ᖁ┾⊖ᮡ
ᩑഭእ᷾aᨱᅕ݅ၝq⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ۵ᬊ₉ᯕᬊኩࠥ
a ׳ᮥᙹಾ ᬊ₉᮹ ⅾ ᯕᬊÑญa ᷾a⦹ᩍ ᩑഭእᨱ ݡ⦽
Ğᱽᱢ ᇡݕᯕ ׳ᦥḡḡอ, ᵝ₉እᬊᮡ ᮁഭᵝ₉ᰆ ᯕᬊኩࠥ᪡
ᩑšࡹʑ ভྙᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
༊ᱢḡʭḡ᮹ ☖⧪e ᗭe ᷾aᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ݡᵲƱ☖
᮹᳕⊖ᮡ20ᇥᯕᔢ, ᬊ₉᮹᳕⊖ၰᖁ┾⊖ᮡ30ᇥᯕᔢ᷾a⧕
᮲ݖᯱ᮹ 50% ᯕᔢᯕ ݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ ᱥ⪹⧁ ᮹ᔍa ᯩ݅Ł
⦹ᩍᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥaᱢᮡĥ⊖ᯝᙹಾ ☖⧪e᮹᷾aᨱ
ෙ ݡᵲƱ☖ᮝಽ᮹ ᱥ⪹ᨱ ၝq⦽ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᯕᔢ᮹ᩑǍđŝಽᇡ░ᬊ₉᮹ᯕᬊኩࠥᷪ᮹᳕ࠥᨱ
ᔢᯕ⦽ᯙ᮹₉ᯕaᯩᮭᮥӹ┡ԕᨩᮝ໑, ᵝ₉Ƚᱽᱶ₦⇵ḥ
ᵝᄡࠥಽ᮹ᵝ₉݉ᗮᯕᄲ⧪ࡹᨕ⦹໑, Ğᱽᱢᯙᇡݕᮥaᵲ
┅۵ႊჶᮝಽ۵ᵝ₉ɩŝzᯕᬊ₉ᯕᬊᖁ┾ᱢᮝಽၽᔾ
ࡹ۵እᬊᅕ݅ᩑഭእᯙᔢŝzᯕᔢᱢᯙእᬊᇡݕᯕaᵲࢁ
ᙹᯩ۵ႊჶᯕᅕ݅⬉ŝᱢᯕ۵ᱶ₦ᱢᯙᔍᱱᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.
⨆⬥ᩑǍŝᱽಽ۵Ʊ☖ᙹ݉ᖁ┾ĥ⊖᮹ᇥඹᨱᯩᨕᬊ₉᮹
ᯕᬊኩࠥᨱḲĥᱢᯙႊჶᮝಽᇥඹ⦹ᩡᮝӹ}ᯙ᮹ᝍญᱢ
✚ᖒᯕӹᝁℕᱢᱽ᧞, ᔍ⫭Ğᱽᱢᯙ✚ᖒॅŝ᮹ᯙŝšĥෝᇥᕾ
⦹ᩍᇥඹႊჶ᮹⧊ญᖒᮥᅕ᪥⧁⦥aᯩᮥäᯕ݅. ੱ⦽ᅕ݅
݅᧲⦽Ʊ☖ᙹšญʑჶᨱݡ⦽ᱶ₦ᱢ⬉ŝෝእƱᇥᕾ⧁⦥
aᯩᮝ໑, ӹᦥaᅖᙹ᮹Ʊ☖ᙹšญʑჶᮥᱢᬊ⧁Ğᬑᨕਁ⦽
ᱶ₦ᱢթḡ⬉ŝaᯩ۵ḡᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍࠥ⦥⧁äᯕ݅. Ҿᮝಽ
ᅙᩑǍ۵⢽ᅙᮥݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ᖅྙ᳑ᔍđŝෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩡʑভྙᨱ
⢽ᅙ᮹Ⓧʑӹ⇵⇽ႊჶᨱᇥᕾđŝᨱ᪅₉aᯩᮥᙹᯩᨕ
ᅕ݅ᯝၹ⪵ࡽđŝෝࠥ⇽⦹۵ߑ۵⦽ĥaᯩᮥᙹᯩᮝ໑, ⇵⬥
⢽ᅙᖅĥ᮹ }ᖁ ၰ ḡᩎe እƱ ᩑǍ ॒ᯕ ⦥⧁ äᯕ݅.
