A Newly Recorded Species of Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from Laos

The Promalactis established by Meyrick in 1908 is one of the largest genus of the family Oecophoridae comprising more than 345 species in the world (Wang and Li, 2019; Kim et al., 2019). They are mainly distributed from Oriental and Eastern Palaeartic regions. Also, they are superficially characterized by the forewing ground color, brownish yellow to yellowish brown with distinct variable markings, white band, semi-circular or irregular forms surrounded by fuscous scales (Kim et al., 2017b).

Some larvae of the Promalactis are known as fungivores and scavengers, and recent evolutionary phylogenetic work (Kim et al., 2016) revealed that ancestor groups of the Promalactis have evolved by shifting from dried plants to various micro-

habitats, under bark and/or on fungi and have diverse sheltering strategies by using materials from the surrounding environment or burrowing under bark of soil.

Approximately, 63 species have been recorded from the mainland Southeast Asia (Meyrick, 1908; Liu and Wang, 2020;

Lvovsky, 1988, 1997, 2007, 2013; Kim et al., 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017a, 2017b, 2018, 2019; Wang et al., 2013). Of them, 19 species have been recorded from Laos: 11 species including four new species and seven newly recorded species were recorded by Kim et al. (2019). After then, Liu and Wang (2020) added five new species and three new recorded species.

The aim of this study is to report one new recorded species, P. vittapenna Kim & Park, of the Laos Promalactis with distributional data. Diagnosis and illustrations of adults and genitalia are also provided.

Original article KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

한국응용곤충학회지 ⓒ The Korean Society of Applied Entomology

Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 60(2): 235-239 (2021) pISSN 1225-0171, eISSN 2287-545X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2021.05.0.022

A Newly Recorded Species of Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from Laos

Sora Kim, Yang-Seop Bae

and Seunghwan Lee*

Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

1

Division of Life Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea

라오스 Promalactis속(나비목: 원뿔나방과)의 미기록 1종 보고

김소라ㆍ배양섭

ㆍ이승환*

서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원 곤충계통분류학실험실, ¹인천대학교 생명과학부

ABSTRACT: In this study, one newly recorded species, P. vittapenna Kim & Park, of the Promalactis is recognized. A diagnosis and distributional data are provided with illustrations of its adult and genitalia. A taxonomic key to all Laos Promalactis species is also provided.

Key words: New record, Promalactis, Lepidoptera, Taxonomy, Laos

초 록 : 본 연구를 통해 라오스지역에서 분포하는 미소 나방인 Promalactis vittapenna종을 처음으로 기록하였다. 미기록 종의 분류학적 진단과 분포 정보, 성충과 생식기 도해사진을 제시하였다. 또한, 라오스 전체 종에 대한 분류학적 키를 함께 제공하였다.

검색어: Promalactis, 원뿔나방과, 나비목, 미기록, 라오스

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received April 1 2021; Revised May 4 2021

Accepted May 24 2021

Material and Methods

Materials including slide vouchers in this study were deposited in the two institutes: SNU, Seoul National University; INU, Incheon National University in Republic of Korea.

Procedure of genitalia preparations for voucher was conducted according to Kim et al. (2017c). All dried specimens were examined under a Leica 400B microscope (Leica Micro- systems, Germany) and digital images were taken using Image Lab software, v.2.2.4.0 (MCM Design, Hillerød, Denmark).

Results

Genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 Promalactis Meyrick, 1908: 806.

Type species: Promalactis holozona Meyrick, 1908. Type Locality: India.

Key to species of the genus Promalacits in Laos based on external character

1. Forewing ground color one ··· 2 Forewing ground color two ··· 19 2. Forewing pattern without white marking ···· P. bitrigona Forewing pattern with white marking ··· 3 3. White marking absent in apex ··· 4 White marking present in apex ··· 12 4. Forewing pattern with yellow band after white band ···· 5 Forewing pattern without yellow band ··· 6 5. White costal marking present and followed by yellowish

scales ··· P. tenuiclavifera White costal marking absent ··· P. flavidia 6. White marking without subbasal band ··· 11 White marking with subbasal band ··· 7 7. White marking with antemedial not reaching to costa ····

··· P. uniclavata White marking with antemedial reaching to costa ··· 8 8. Fuscous scales distinctly present under semi-circular

marking ··· P. suzukiella Fuscous scale absents under semi-circular marking ···· 9 9. Forewing broaden in middle ··· P. parasuzukiella Forewing lanceolate, costal and posterior margins rather

parallel ··· 10 10. White marking with two bands straight ·· P. unidentalis White marking with two bands rather curved ···

··· P. carinata 11. Costal marking absent ··· P. bolikhamsaiana Costal marking present ··· P. albisquama 12. White costal marking regular shaped, e.g. semi-circular

or inverted triangular ··· 13 White costal marking irregular shaped ··· 17 13. White costal marking semi-circular ··· P. spiraliola White costal marking inverted triangular ··· 14 14. Medial band absent ··· P. apicisetifera Medial band present ··· 15 15. White apical marking an ovate-shaped ··· P. serrulata White apical marking divided or mixed fuscous scales

··· 16 16. White apical makings tiny, surrounded by fuscous scales

··· P. zolotubini White apical makings divided into three transverse by fuscous scales ··· P. apicuncata 17. Irregular costal marking connecting to medial band from

posterior margin ··· P. senispina Irregular costal marking without connecting band ···· 18 18. Irregular costal marking small between fuscous patches

··· P. retusa Irregular costal marking large after fuscous patch ···

··· P. crassa 19. Forewing pattern with grayish scales ··· P. introflexa Forewing pattern without grayish scales · P. vittapenna

Promalactis vittapenna Kim & Park, 2010

Promalactis vittapenna Kim et Park, 2010: 555. Type locality. Vietnam, Tam Dao National Park, 100 m (Figs. 1, 2).

Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to Chinese species, P. peculiaris Wang and Li, 2004, in having wing pattern which consists of two different ground colors and two band- shaped and semi-ovate white markings (Fig. 1), but it can be easily distinguished by the male and female genital charac- teristics.

The male genitalia (Fig. 2a-d) of P. vittapenna is characterized

by the bifurcate and acute apical uncus, cucullus heavily

sclerotized and pointed apically, sacculus extended bearing

curved apex, juxta bearing asymmetrical lobes and aedeagus shorter than valva, whereas that of P. peculiaris has rather quadrate basal uncus, distally dense setose cucullus, sacculus bearing not curved apex and aedeagus longer than the valva.

The female genitalia (Fig. 2e-g) of the former is also differen- tiated from the latter by the apophyses posteriores about 1.5 longer than the apophyses anteriores, lamella antevaginalis largely developed, the sternum VI bearing two small tongue- shaped processes on anterior-laterally and signum bearing 5-6 tiny spines, whereas that of the latter has apophyses posteriores three times longer than the apophyses anteriores, large and sclerotized antrum and curved signum bearing a comb-shaped teeth.

Material examined. Three males, one female and one ex.

(missing abdomen): two males and one ex., Laos, XiengKhouang Prov., Ban Tha, 298m, 5 April 2016, Bae et al., gen. slide no.

9852, 9693/ S. Kim; one male, same locality, 1524m, 1 July 2017, Bae et al.; one female, Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Phaou Khao Khouay National Park, 452m, 3 July, 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9853/ S. Kim.

Distribution. Oriental: Laos (new record), Vietnam (North), China (Hainan, Guangxi).

Remark. Promalactis vittapenna was firstly reported from Northern Vietnam (Kim et al., 2010). At that time, the new species was distinguished from Vietnamese species, P. fansi- panella Lvovsky, 2007 (see Lvovsky, 2007: 127, Figs. 4, 5),

Fig. 1. Adults of P. vittapenna in Laos. a, adult; b, labial palpus; c, wing pattern; scale bar: 2 mm.

Fig. 2. Male and female genitalia of P. vittapenna in Laos. a, male genitalia; b, aedeagus; c, sacculus and cucullus of vavla; d, lobes of juxta;

e, female genitalia; f, lamella posterior and anterior vaginalis in detail; g, signum.

considering the species diversity of Promalacits in Vietnam. In this study, we compared the Laos P. vittapenna and the Chinese species, P. peculiariis Wang and Li, 2004 in having very similar appearance (see Wang and Li, 2004: 1, Figs. 1, 2, Pl. I:

1). A diagnostic comparison of two almost identical-looking species is very necessary.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202006203), and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1l1A1A01069466).

This research was also supported by the Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences (RIALS), Seoul National Univer- sity, Republic of Korea.

Statements for Authorship Position &

contribution

Kim S.: Seoul National University, Research professor;

wrote the manuscript, morphological identifi- cations, prepared genitalia vouchers and figures Bae Y.-S.: Incheon National University, Professor; collecting

materials, made and provided specimen vouchers Lee S.: Seoul National University, Professor; designed the

research, finance support

All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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