Identification of risk factors associated with the incidence of canine distemper in Korea

전체 글

(1)³¤¥Èó. * .* a. (2004) 44 3 Korean J Vet Res(2004) 44(3) : 463~467. ÖÒ¾¢*:ÊR¢*N*þº~\«. J~;Á;RÁB« ÁBfK Á% ÁBç{ Á% Á*9~*

(2).

(3). ]ã>~¦ö `Ò ]L >~ JJ> Vetlab (²Òß: 2004j 6ú 7¢) 1. 2. Identification of risk factors associated with the incidence of canine distemper in Korea Hachung Yoon, Choi-Kyu Park, Tae-Jong Kim1, Eun-Ok Kim2, Joong-Keun Lee2 Sang-Deok Kim2, Joong-Bok Lee1 and Sung-Hwan Wee* Veterinary Epidemiology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-824, Korea 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea 2 Neodin VetLab, Seoul 133-831, Korea (Accepted= June 7, 2004) Abstract : To identify risk factors of canine distemper, which is one of the most important disease of dogs in Korea, a case-control study was performed with 2,507 cases and 4,121 controls from 630 veterinary clinics throughout Korea. In multivariate logistic regression models, the sampling period (Mars and April) and the age of the dogs (7-12 months old) were associated with an increased risk of canine distemper. Sex, body size and residential region showed no significant relationship. The epidemiological evidences of canine distemper in Korea agree to the risk factors observed in foreign countries. Key words : distemper, dogs, case-control studies, epidemiology, Korea. * . "B BöB ¢ ªçÃç B*> ~ÒN 50% ö º ~«' Ö"¢ .¾~æò ê ªçÃ ç ì ®*W 6"b ã"~º ãÖê z~ [1, 5]. ?">w~ ·Wf 6" BÚ~ >&" 6" ê CD :Êö ~ Û{b 2N 6" FZö V¢ ¢æº ©b . ¢>'b CDº 1^ ò~ ÚÖ BöB " B ~æò &z _~ BöBê B~, F*' ² ¾ ®« 5 Wö V ßWf ìº ©b rJ^ ®. [1]. CD& jÒö ®ÚB &Ë z~ 7º î ÷ªöê ®~ jçræ CD~ B" &N ' º ö & Ú' ªCf Úææ p~ . *Òræ B .¢ ~ ãÖöº CD : Êö & Ú ·WN¾ Ú&¢ Ò~&¾ [3, 8-10], ¢ÿb"~ 7/&ËWö 76j vÚ ªC. B :Ê¢(Canine distemper, CD)º ÖÒ¾¢ öò jî¢ *^ê'b BöB &Ë ^B& > ®º î÷ 7~ ~¾ Gÿb 11B"(Familiy) 7öB 8B " ÿb CDö & 6>Wj &æ ®j ;ê ? "~ º*& Ö 9 [4]. öÚ CD :Êº Paramyxoviridae³, Morbillivirus"ö ³~º RNA : ÊB b¢ &æ ®V r^ö &¦ª~ ²ë£ ö Ö "6 öò jî¢ ?" ¦~ã ~öB j v' ®n;~ ¢ç' ²ëòbê B ÒGË¾ ÿb÷öö J"B :Ê¢ Ïª® B > ® . Þ ºÚ ~ãöB :Ê~ ËKf Ö ; ©b rJ^ ®æò [5], CD~ ê.ê BãËö & Bº jç ªCB :& ì . CD :Êö 6. *Corresponding author: Sung-Hwan Wee Veterinary Epidemiology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-824, Korea [Tel: +82-31-467-1738, Fax: +82-31-467-1739, E-mail: [email protected]]. 463.

(4) J~;Á;RÁB«ÁBfKÁ%ÁBç{Á%Á*9~. 464. .& ôb [4], ÖÒ¾¢öBº ¢ÿböB~ CD :Ê 6"ö & & ¢¦ ®j ö [2, 7]. î÷~ ÎN' &Ò¢ *Bº î÷ B~ * þº ö & Úê' ªC º>, ' Ã¢ Û~ '. OB&Ò &kj >ã >& ® . V¢B öBº ÿb÷ööB CD 6" ~>Ú Ú *^ êV&ö ~ÖB j &çb ~f-& (case-control study)¢ ¯~ î ÷ B" &B ' º j ªC~&Vö Ö "¢ ~¶ .. Òò 5 O». \&ç÷ 2002j 1ú¦V 10úræ 10Bú ÿn *ö *~ 630B ÿb÷ööB *^êV&(JJ> Vetlab)ö ~ Ö B :Ê¢ ~»j Æ;' &çb ;~& . þ êj ~Ö~V *ö >~Ò& ~» ~ WKö & î^j ~& . W ê 10¢ ã "~æ pf ~»f W"ö ~ :Ê.Ã~ & ËW ®V r^ö ~ &çöB B~& .. þ êj ~Ö 10,294v 7 RT-PCR Ö" B :Ê ¢ :Êö ·W >wj 3,801v¢ ~»(case). b, rW>wj 6,439v¢ &(control)b Æ ;'b ª~~& . ¾ Æ;' ~»~ 34.0%(1,294 v)f Æ;' &~ 36.5%(2,372v)ö & ¾f Wêö & ¶ò¢ {~æ á~&V r^ö j ~ &çöB B~ «'b ~» 2,507 vf & 4,121v~ ¶ò¢ Ï~ case-control study¢ >¯~& . ¶ò>÷ # Ûêª+ B :Ê¢ :Ê ¦ÒÖ"f z®Ú ¦ÒV, B~ ÒGæ, ¾, Wê 5 ®«j æ> ~ &N B ¶ò j >÷~&b, ò& þ ö Ú>F r ÿ/>º ^Bö *~ Ò j V~ê ~& . òj¢f ú*, B~ ¾º ú_b ;Ò~&. . B~ Úö V¢ ®«j &;Ò, 7;Ò, ²;Òb ª~~& . ¾ B~ ®«ö & ¶òº Jç 331vöBò Ï &Ë~& . <ö ÒGæ, Wê, ®«, :Ê ¦Ò Ö" j Î ¶òº º ";b ;Ò~ ªC~& . B(χ )¦;»j Ï~ º"; æ> *~ &Wj ªC~, Ö"¢ :ûb ùÎj >ã ~& . òjV, ÒGæ 5 ®«ö & æ>º &ç 7 ~»~ jN &Ë ·f º"¢ V&b, 2. Table 1. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on association of canine distemper incidence with sampling period and residential region Variable. Cases No=2,507. Controls No=4,121. Crude OR(95% CI). Adjusted1) OR(95% CI). 611 (38.9%) 748 (43.2%) 477 (36.4%) 371 (34.8%) 300 (31.6%) χ2 = 0.4304. 960 (61.1%) 983 (56.8%) 833 (63.6%) 696 (65.2%) 649 (68.4%) P<0.0001. 1.4(1.2-1.6) 1.7(1.4-2.0) 1.2(1.0-1.5) 1.2(1.0-1.4) 1. 1.4(1.2-1.6) 1.6(1.4-2.0) 1.2(1.0-1.5) 1.2(1.0-1.4) 1. 1,211 (37.6%) 48 (45.7%) 255 (38.9%) 180 (38.5%) 288 (35.2%) 140 (36.3%) 9 (34.6%) 260 (39.7%) 116 (39.7%) χ2 = 7.5598. 2,011 (62.4%) 57 ( 5.3%) 401 (61.1%) 288 (61.5%) 530 (64.8%) 246 (63.7%) 17 (65.4%) 395 (60.3%) 176 (60.3%) P=0.4776. 1 1.4(1.0-2.1) 1.1(0.9-1.3) 1.0(0.9-1.3) 0.9(0.8-1.1) 1.0(0.8-1.2) 0.9(0.4-2.0) 1.1(0.9-1.3) 1.1(0.9-1.4). 1 1.4(0.9-2.1) 1.0(0.9-1.2) 1.0(0.8-1.2) 0.9(0.8-1.1) 1.0(0.8-1.2) 0.8(0.4-1.8) 1.0(0.9-1.2) 1.1(0.8-1.4). Sampling period Jan-Feb Mar-Apr May-Jun Jul-Aug Sep-Oct Province (Residential area) Seoul Kangwon Gyeonggi Kyungnam Kyungbuk Chunnam Chunbuk Chungnam Chungbuk 1). Adjusted for residential region, sampling period, age and sex..

(5) ÖÒ¾¢ * :ÊR¢ B N *þº~ \«. ¾f &NB æ>º &Ë ÚÖ ú_j, Wêf >j V&b ~ vNj(Odds Ratio, OR)f 95% Ö *(95% Confidence Interval, CI)j º;~& . æï ùÎöB B :Ê¢ B" &NB æ>~ Î"¢ '' ªC ÚÏj V. ~ v¦æ>~ Î"¢ ; æïùÎj »~& . ÛêªCöº SAS 8.1ª*j Ï~& .. Ö . ÒGæ" ¦ÒV& B :Ê¢ Bö ~º 'Ëj Table 1ö ;Ò~& . 9-10ú" jv 1-2ú, 3-4ú, 5-6ú~ ORf '' 1.4(95% CI=1.2-1.6), 1.6(95% CI=1.4-2.0), 1.2(95% CI=1.0-1.5) 9-10ú º Vö B*þ ¸~ . ¾ B& ÒG>º æ " B :Ê¢ Bf B ëã'î (χ ¦; p=0.4776). 6 BÞæ" jv " r &Ë ¸f * þj &~ ;öêöB ÒG>º B& BÞ £ 1.4 V ;ê ¸f *þj &ê ©b ¾æÒæò Ûê'b F~~æ p~ (OR=1.4, 95% CI=0.9-2.1). æïÎ 2. 465. öB ªC ¦ÒVf ÒGæ~ 'Ëf æïÎ öBê æ ìî . Table 2º B~ Ú' " &NB º" B :Ê ¢ B~ &NWj ¾æÞ ©b B~ ¾º :Ê ¢ Bö 'Ëj ~º ©b ªC>îb¾, B~ Wê" :Ê¢ Bf F~ &NWj æ p~. . f ?f Ö"º æïÎ" æïÎöB N & ìî . 3Bú_ ~~ Bf jvr 7-12Bú_ öB :Ê¢~ *þ £* Ã&~&b¾(OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.0-1.4), ~ ¾ê[f B :Ê¢ B " ëã'î . χ ¦;Ö" B~ ®«ö V¢ B :Ê¢ B;ê º F~ N¢ & (p<0.01). &;Ò" jv 7 ;Ò~ OR" 95%CIº æïùÎöBº 1.2 * þ £* çß~&æò CI& 0.9-1.4 Ûê'b F ~~æº p~b æïªCöBº CI~ 0.62.3b R 9Úê ©j &V~& . &;Ò" jv r ²;ÒöB~ B *þf æz¢ æ p~. 2. (Table 3).. Table 2. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on association of canine distemper incidence with sex and age of dogs Variable. Crude OR(95% CI). Adjusted1) OR(95% CI). Cases No=2,507. Controls No=4,121. 1,674 (37.4%) 280 (38.2%) 195 (42.0%) 170 (39.3%) 188 (35.8%) χ2 = 27.6619. 2,779 (62.6%) 453 (61.8%) 269 (58.0%) 263 (60.7%) 337 (64.2%) P<0.0001. 1 1.0(0.9-1.2) 1.2(1.0-1.5) 1.1(0.9-1.3) 0.9(0.8-1.1). 1 1.0(0.9-1.2) 1.2(1.0-1.4) 1.1(0.9-1.3) 0.9(0.8-1.1). 961 (37.3%) 1,546 (38.2%) χ2 = 0.4817. 1,615 (62.7%) 2,506 (61.8%) P=0.4994. 1 1.0(0.9-1.2). 1 1.0(0.9-1.2). Age (month). ß3. 4-6 7-12 13-24 >24 Sex Male Female 1). Adjusted for residential region, sampling period, age and sex.. Table 3. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) between body size (breeds) and canine distemper incidence Body size1) Large Medium Small 1) 2). Cases No=128. Controls No=203. Crude OR(95% CI). Adjusted2) OR(95% CI). 1 ( 5.3%) 109 (40.1%) 18 (45.0%) χ2 = 9.8425. 18 (94.7%) 163 (59.9%) 22 (55.0%) P<0.01. 1 1.2 (0.9-1.4) 1.1 (0.9-1.4). 1 1.2 (0.6-2.3) 1.0 (0.8-1.3). Body size was classified by breeds of dogs. Data were available only for 331 dogs (5% of whole 6,628 study population). Adjusted for residential region, sampling period, age and sex..

(6) 466. J~;Á;RÁB«ÁBfKÁ%ÁBç{Á%Á*9~. V. î÷~ F÷Nj Ò~Jº Ï'b ö 6º Ú¢ ¦Ò~º ÷¦ê jò ãÖöº ÒG~º Ò ²¾ ªç>~Ò& B~ ªçÃçj CD 6 "j ~~ êj ~Ö~² B . ~ ~»f ' ÿb÷ööB êò Af B 7öB CD 6" ~ >Ú *^êV&ö {êj ~Ö æ &ç B B f ÿb÷ööB ~Ö öº ÆV ¢ æ¾ :Ê& Ïª® Ã>Ú ªçÃç B* F Vö ®î ê . ¢>'b CD :Ê ö 6"B Bº £ 7¢ ê :Ê¢ VÂ~V · ~, 6" ê 2"öB 3Bú Úö ªçÃçj ¾æ Úº ©b >Ú ® [1, 4]. öB CD~ B" ¦ÒV~ &NWj ªC Ö", 1-2ú" 3-4 úö B*þ ¸f ©b ¾æÒb, º r" ?f CD :Ê~ ßW" & ®º ©b 6 B . Ñ, 1-2úö B ôf Fº ¦~ãö j v' ®n; CD :Êæò Ôf NêöBº K ;~V r^ö ÿ.V Vöº 6"BÚ ¦V VÂB :Ê& ~ã ÚöB ~B æ BÚ j 6"Ò > ®º V²& ôjrj &ËW r ^ [5]. ~, 3-4úö ªçÃçj ¾æÚº Bº : Êö 6"> ² 2"-3Bú ;ê~ ÆV¢ ç ¯, :Ê~ FÒ ÎÞÆö 6">Ú ® & ÆV& æ¾B Ãç ¾æ¾º ã Ö CB . q, CD :Ê~ ¸f ®*W 6" Nj J r, 6>W BÚ ÒöB ªçÃç~ B * ì :Ê& ê³ *2> ® & 3-4úö Ã çj ¾æÞ BÚ& ôjrj &ËW [5]. *~ & ËW j «~, ÎÞ 1-2ú 5 * 3-4úö &Ë ¸f *þj ÆN& Vaæº 5-6ú, 7-8úö ê 1-4ú º *þ Ôæò 9-10úö j *® ¸f *þj º ~ Ö"ö & C & Ë © . CD~ F÷Nf B~ ¾f ß® &NW ¸f © b > ® . ¢>'b 1^ ò~ BöB F ÷N ¸b [12], ß® 3-6Bú_~ BöB &Ë ¸ f F÷N &VB : ® [1, 5]. öBê 1^ ~~ BöB ¸f *þ &V>îæò 4-6Bú_ö B 7-12Bú_öB z ¸f *þ &V>î º 6 öB B :f (Table 2). CD B" ¾f~ &Wf ÎÚ¦V Af ¶ > ÿ >&(ÎÚ¯Ú)" .O7«ö ~ ;WB >ÿ >&" &7 & ®º ©b . . BöB~ CD Wf 6-8"_¦V 3-4" *Ïb. ² 2² 7«~º © ²ËB [6]. ¾ ÖÒ¾¢ öBº B 3-4"_ö 1N .O7«j ê 4-6" _ö «·j ~V r^ö 2N 7«j º ãÖ& ô j ;jæ f :Ê~ «ö &~Vö Ïª Ú¢ &æ ®æ pj > ® . 6 V ö .O7«j ~ Îj®º ÎÚ Ú& W~ ·Ïj O~º *SÎ"¢ ¾æâ >ê ®b, ê& ";öB :Ê~ æ b ~ W~ ÎË jã~æ á~² >Ú ÎÚ¯Ú& ç B V 7-12Bú_ ;jæ¢ :Ê~ «öB '.® ^~æ á®V r^ö ¾æÂ *ç¢ >ê ® [6]. B~ ®«ö V¢ CD :Êö & 6>Wö N & ®j ©b º;>º ®æò { Ã¢ d V& £æ p . v«~ B& Ëv« CD : Êö & F÷N" ~ÒN Ô º "Ë", .~ Ú, ÆÒn îÊÊ, ÒÎ., r¢Ê ö¢ÊÞ ~ 7"&;ÒöB F÷N¾ ~ÒN ¸ º "Ë ® [5]. ¾ J®J ®«ö V N& ì º Ò. ¢>'b Aj æ ® [1]. ~ æïÎöBê ®«ê CD~ B*þö F~ N¢ BÒ~æ á~& . º B ®«ö V¢ CD~ B*þö N& ìV r^ ©b C>æ ò, ~ &ç B &;Ò7 ~»>& Jç 1v ö¢B CI& 9² êÖ>îV r^bê J« > ® . º case-control study~ ;b >¯>î . Case-control study¦ ß;î÷j &ê BÚf &ææ p f BÚ¢ ÖF &çb F; ê î÷~ FZ ö V¢ "ö < ®î~ ß;ºö~ ;ê¢ jv~º O» [11]. V¢B z^Þ (cohort study)f ?f *Ë' ö j *Úö 'f jÏb Ö"¢ êÂ > ® º Ë6 ® . ~æò êË' ¶ò>÷O» VÛ~ b¦j &^f Vº VÛjÊâ(recall bias)~ &ËWj ç &æ ®b î^¶¾ w¶& î÷ç(·W/rW)¢ r ® º Ò ê ¶ò>÷ö 'Ëj > ® . f ?f ê6j ~V *~ öBº ò¢ j r j¢, ~»~ Wê" ¾, "², ®« ö & ;¢ þ >÷~& . K~ {b öBº êË' ¶ò>÷b ;jÊâ (information bias)j ÛB~ æïªCj Û~ CD B" &NB º j « > ®î .. Ö . Case-control study. Oj j öBº B.

(7) ÖÒ¾¢ * :ÊR¢ B N *þº~ \«. :Ê¢ B ¦ÒV 5 B~ ¾f &N ®b ¾ Wê¾ ®«"º ëã'¢º Ò j &V~&. . ~ Ö" öB rJ^ ®º B :Ê ¢~ ' ßW ÖÒ¾¢öBê 'ÏF > ®r j {~& . ÖÒ¾¢ *öB ÒG>º B¢ &ç b ~ >¯B öB C&ê ' ßWj Ö Ò¾¢öB ÒG> ®º B *Úö ¢>zB ÖÒ ¾¢ B CD~ ' ßWb *"~º ZÒ& ì j © . .® case-control study~ ê¯ ãþj Ëê ÖÒ¾¢öB ^B& > ®º î÷öê 'Ï Ò > ® ¢ Û~ ÖÒ¾¢öB ^B& > ® º &æ î÷~ ' &Nºj «~ î÷ &Ò~ V>b Ï > ®j © .. ^^ò. ;ÎÏ. * :ÊR¢(Canine Distemper: CD). ]> Ö~÷Ò²æ ê; BÒî. 2002, êz6, ,61-68. Î¢, .×, *¢, n 2. ÿ , , . j~ *:ÊR¢ :

(8) Ê ¶ $B. ]>~÷Ò²æ. 1999, 1, 57-60.. 1.. 3. Arjo, W. W., Gese, E. M., Bromley, C., Kozlowski, A. and Williams, E. S. Serologic survey for disease in free-ranging coyotes (Canins latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of Utah. J. Wild. Dis. 2003, 39, 449-455. 4. Frolich, K., Czupalla, O., Haas, L., Hentschke, J., Dedek, J. and Fickel, J. Epizootiological investigations of canine distemper virus in free-ranging carnivores from Germany. Vet. Microbiol. 2000, 74, 283-292.. 467. 5. Greene, C. E. and Appel, M. J. Canine Distemper. In Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. pp. 9345 Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998. 6. Griot, C., Moser, C., Cherpillod, P., Bruckner, L., Wittek, R., Zurbriggen, A. and Zurbriggen, R. Early DNA vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity. Vaccine 2004, 22, 651-655. 7. Hur, K., Bae, J. S., Choi, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kwon, S. W., Lee, K. W. and Kim, D. Y. Canine distemper virus infection in Binturongs (Arctictis binturong). J. Comp. Path. 1999, 121, 295-299. 8. Jozwik, A. and Frymus, T. Natural distemper in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in Warsaw. J. Vet. Med. B. Infect. Dis. Vet. Public. Health. 2002, 49, 413414. 9. McCaw, D. L., Thompson, M., Tate, D., Bonderer, A. and Chen, Y. J. Serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1998, 213, 72-75. 10. Rikula, U., Nuotio, L. and Sihvonen, L. Canine distemper virus neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated dogs. Vet. Rec. 2000, 147, 598-603. 11. Thrusfield, M. Veterinary Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing Company, Oxford, UK. 1997. 12. Tipold, A., Vandevelde, M. and Jaggy, A. Neurological manifestations of canine distemper virus infection. J. Small Anim. Pract. 1992, 33, 466-470..

(9)