해양 입자유기물 순환

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해양 입자유기물 순환

황 점 식

포항공과대학교

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기후 변화

물리/생물학적 변화

유기탄소 순환 변화

무기탄소 순환 변화

미래 기후

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1. Introduction

• Sinking Particulate Organic Carbon

• Radiocarbon

2. Vertical Transport of POC 3. Lateral Transport of POC

Outline

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Sinking POC vs. Suspended POC

Sediment Trap vs. In-situ Filtration

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POC

euphotic zone

DOC DIC

POC sediment

POC Terrestrial

POC at depth

Oceanic Carbon Cycle

1000

1 10 100

(Illustration by Jayne Doucette, WHOI ) 6

Radiocarbon (

C) 반감기 5700년

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C=98.8%,

C=1.1%,

C=10

(Source: Levin and Hesshaimer, 2000, Radiocarbon) 7

Atmospheric test ban treaty

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C content - D notation

Isotopic fractionation effect is corrected by normalization to d

C of -25 ‰

÷ ÷ ø ö ç ç

è æ + +

-

=

D 1000

1 C ) 25 C

( 2 C C

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14 13

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d d d

1000 C) 1

C/

(

C) C/

C (

standard 12

13

sample 12

13

13

ú ´

û ê ù

ë

é -

d =

d

C = (

C/

C)

(

C/

C)

-1 é

ë ê ù

û ú ´1000

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon d¹³C = 0‰, D¹⁴C = 60‰

Phytoplankton

d¹³C = –20‰, D¹⁴C = 60‰

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POC

euphotic zone

DOC DIC

POC Sediment

POC Terrestrial

POC at depth

(modern ~ – 400 ‰) (modern)

(– 200 ‰) (– 500 ‰)

(modern ~ –1000 ‰)

(modern)

(– 100 ‰ ~ – 700 ‰)

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POC

euphotic zone

DOC DIC

POC Sediment

POC Terrestrial

POC at depth

(modern ~ – 400 ‰) (modern)

(– 200 ‰) (– 500 ‰)

(modern ~ –1000 ‰)

(modern)

(– 100 ‰ ~ – 700 ‰)

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Autochthonous vs. Allochthonous POC

Vertical vs. Lateral Transport of POC

Autochthonous (D

C=~0

Allochthonous (D

C <<0‰)

• Local resuspension

• Long distance transport

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-26 -25 -24

-300 -200 -100 0

0 20 40 60 80 100

9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 0

20 40 60 80

2007 2008 Flux (mgm-2 d-1 )

Remainder Lithogenic Total

d13 C (‰)

D14 C (? Ice Cover (%)

0 20 40 60 80 100

8/1 9/1 10/111/112/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 0

20 40 60 80

Ice Cover (%)

2008 2009

Sep 2007

Sep 2005 Sep 2006 Sep 2008 Sep 2009

북극해 캐나다 분지

-300 -200 -100 0

0 20 40 60 80 100 -26 -25 -24

D14 C (? ( )

0 20 40 60 80

Flux (mgm-2 d-1 )

Lithogenic Biogenic

b)

c) a)

Ice cover (%)d13C (‰) ( ) 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1

2004 2005

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(i) Passive sinking of particles

(ii) Physical mixing of particulate (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) (iii) Active transport by zooplankton vertical

migration.

• The structure of the planktonic community affects the composition and the sinking rates of particles.

• Particle size, form, density, and the content of biogenic minerals affect sinking and

remineralization rates.

Vertical Transport of POC

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POC flux in Canada Basin

Autochthonous

Unit: mmol C/m

yr

PP=500-2000

42

2

120m

3000m

(Average OC accumulation for 0-11 ka in Arctic abyssal plains)

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Sakshaug, 2004

Stein and Macdonald, 2004 Hwang et al., 2008

Honjo et al., in press

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CB NCP SMB

NEP-M MAB NES SS

PB BS AS JESOT JT NNWP CEP RS

Normalized D

C = measured – surface DIC value

Upper ocean (<500m)

Mesopelagic (500< < 2000m)

~ 30% of sinking POC derives from resuspended sediments

(Hwang et al., submitted)

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일본분지 서쪽 일본분지 동쪽 야마토분지

(Otosaka et al., 2008)

울릉분지의 경우는?

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재부유된 퇴적 유기물

D¹⁴C << 0

신선한 입자 유기물

D

생태계로의 먹이 공급 – 선택적 섭식?