An experimental study on bonding and bearing capacities of thin spray-on liner to evaluate its applicability as a tunnel support member

(1)

*Corresponding author: Soo-Ho Chang E-mail: [email protected]

Received October 23, 2013; Revised October 29, 2013;

Accepted November 4, 2013

░ձḡᅕᰍಽᕽ᮹ᱢᬊᖒá☁ෝ᭥⦽ၶ⊖ᐽ⋁௝ᯕթ᮹

ᇡ₊ᖒ܆ŝḡᅕᖒ܆᮹⠪a

෉஼೾ ȵଲָෂ ȵࢮઽ೿ ȵౖ০૵ ȵจֱন ȵౖࡣਐ ȵୋ৤෹

Ҽধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵ֬սԵٍĵڙ

܁ধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵ֬սԵٍĵڙ

܁ধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵ֬ۻےٍĵڙ

Ҽধڙ ܳ֬ࡾͿ˚࣯؛˥ܳےٍĵڙ

܁ধڙ ܳ֬ࡾͿ˚࣯؛˥ԜИۋԐ

܁ধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵٍ֬ĵڦڙ

An experimental study on bonding and bearing capacities of thin spray-on liner to evaluate its applicability as a tunnel support member

Jin-Tae Han

¹

, Gyu-Phil Lee

²

, Young-Taek Park

²

, Soon-Wook Choi

³

, Gwi-Sung Hwang

⁴

, Myung-Sik Choi

⁵

, Soo-Ho Chang

⁶

*

1

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Senior Researcher

2

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Senior Researcher

3

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Research Specialist

4

SILKROAD T&D, Senior Research Engineer

5

SILKROAD T&D, Executive Engineer

6

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Research Fellow

ABSTRACT: The use of Thin Spray-on Liner (TSL) as an alternative to shotcrete has drastically increased since 1990s when it was first developed and introduced to mines. In this study, tensile strength test, bond strength test, compression test with specimens coated by TSL, and two kinds of bending tests proposed by EFNARC (2008) were performed with two kinds of TSLs with different material compositions in order to evaluate their support capacities. As a result, both TSLs were shown to be satisfactory for the minimum performance requirements for a structural rock support suggested by EFNARC (2008) and tensile strength of a TSL was shown to increase as its content of polymer was higher. In contrast, its bond strength was shown to increase proportional to the content of a cementitious component especially at the early age.

Keywords: Thin spray-on liner, Polymer, Bearing capacity, Bonding, Tensile strength

ߣ΀ чࠗӾࠜ͆ۋȃ 5IJO4QSBZPO-JOFS 54-əțʂقÒьʼرġԓقߌڼۺڌʽۋ঳Ϳջࡾν࣡ۆʂߕۦΒͿԴۆ

টڌۋݒÀॠČەɰٍ҆ĵقԴəभνϢ॥͟ۋɰδ˃Àݓ54-ۦΒقʂॠيۍۤÌʪ֨ॹ ҙ޳Ìʪ֨ॹ 54-ࡑࣶ֨ॹठق

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ՁɠںथÀॠٕɰ֬ॹĀę ٍ҆ĵقԴԐڌʽ˃ÀݓۦΒϿ˃ݓ҃ۦͿԴۆ߯ՙՁɠő܁ڹχܔॠəìڷͿǣࢍǮڷ϶

࣢০ भνϢՁқۋȭںս΀ۍۤÌʪÀݒÀॠəъϸ ֨ϯ࣡ćՁқۋȭںս΀ԜʂۺڷͿߣşۦͺقԴҙ޳ÌʪÀࡾó

ǣࢍǫں֬ॹۺڷͿঝۍॠٕɰ

ܳڅرчࠗ͆ۋȃ भνϢ ݓݓՁɠ ҙ޳ͳ ۍۤÌʪ

$PQZSJHIU ,PSFBO5VOOFMMJOHBOE6OEFSHSPVOE4QBDF"TTPDJBUJPO

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ᕽು

ۻՃćۺڷͿջࡾν࣡əࢢȇ, ݓॠėÂфԐϸ قԴؒъںݓݓॠşڦॢܳݓ҃ۦͿԴটڌʼČ

ەɰ. 1910țʂقæ֩ջࡾν࣡À߯ߣͿÒьʽ

ۋ͒Ϳ, 1990țʂ˞رԴࠚঞąۺۋČՁɠۋڍս

ॢ؎ࠥν॒νćśĀ܃ٮȭڹÇսমęεǣࢍǴə

ČՁɠÇս܃ÀÒьʼəˣջࡾν࣡ۆՁɠڹݓ

՚ۺڷͿॳԜʼČەɰ(Clements, 2002). Ŕ͠ǣҝ

͟ॢݓъܓæقԴəࢍԺ͟ۋݒÀॠ϶, 10% Ǵٽ ۆνцڏ˚, ɰ͟ۆқݕфǰڹҙ޳ÌʪˣͿ

ۍ३ջࡾν࣡εʂߕॣսەəԞͿڏݓ҃ۦۆ

ÒьۋڅĵʼČەɰ. ۋ͠ॢۋڮͿ߯Ŗ˞رчࠗ

Ӿࠜ͆ۋȃ(Thin Spray-on Liner, ۋॠTSL)Àݓ҃

ф޲սۆ҄०şɠںь৅ॣսەəݓ҃ۦͿԴ

ܳЀыČەəʚ, ࣢০TSLڹ35 mmۆئڹ˃ƍ ͿؒъϸقӾرҤيݓəभνϢ(polymer) şъۆ

ڮşজ०НۦΒͿĵՁʼرҼİۺت঒ॢؒъܓ æقԴջࡾν࣡ٮߏϐںʂߕॣսەə֪Òȝۆ

ݓ҃ۦۋɰ(Roberts, 2001). 1980țʂ঳ъقࠪǣɰ ۆQueen's UniversityقԴ߯ߣͿTSLقʂॢٍĵε

սॱॢۋ঳Ϳ, 2004țşܵڷͿۻՃćۺڷͿ50Ò

ۋԜۆġԓقԴটڌʼČەə֬܁ۋɰ(Povin et al., 2004).

TSL ڹ֪՚ॢࢍԺۋÀɠॠČȭڹܓş؋܁Ձ ڷͿۍ३ջࡾν࣡ٮߏϐںʂߕॠϸԴǤъںѓ ݓॣսەڷ϶, ѓսՁɠęܳۓՁɠۋڍսॠيݓ ॠսڮۓںѓݓॠČؒъں҃Ìॣսەəমęε

ÀݓČەɰ. ࣢০, ࢏Ձ࣢Ձęҙ޳ͳۋϔڍڍսॠ

϶֨Âق˰δۤşَজÀäۆػɰəۤ۾ںÀݓ Čەɰ(Lau et al., 2008; Tannant, 2001).

̚ॢTSLڹۦΒۆъڿՁق˰͆ъڿՁ͆ۋȃ (reactive liner) ٮҼъڿՁ͆ۋȃ(non-reactive liner) Ϳĵқॣսەɰ. ъڿՁ͆ۋȃəࢍԺ঳10қ

ۋǴقߣşъڿęڿĀۋьԦॠəìں࣢ݜڷͿ

ॠ϶, Ԝ٣قԴ1֨ÂۋǴقŕॢۍۤÌʪۆ߯ՙ

75% ьইॠəìڷͿ܁ۆʽɰ. ъϸ, ҼъڿՁ͆ۋ ȃəջࡾν࣡ǣभνϢ/֨ϯ࣡ćঔ०Нˣںۆй ॠəìڷͿԴ, تԦ֨ÂۋʌţČ֨Âąęق˰͆

ÇսইԜęÌʪݒݕۋսъʽɰ. ॠݓχێъۺڷ ͿъڿՁ͆ۋȃٮҼİॣ˺ԜʂۺڷͿÀüۋ

۹Ͷॠɰəۤ۾ۋەɰ(Povin et al., 2004).

ڦٮÏۋTSLڹɰتॢۤ۾ۋەڷǣ, ؉ݔūݓ

TSL قۆॢؒъݓ҃Ժćę܁ęѓѪۋঝςʼر

ەݓ؍ڷ϶, ࣢০ջࡾν࣡ٮÏۋܳͿ৉ؓ߹ڿͳ ںыə؉࠘ĵܓߕͿԺćॠəێъۺۍѓѪں

˃ƍÀئڹTSLقۺڌॠşÀرͷɰ(Povin et al., 2004). ̚ॢ, ইۦۻՃćۺڷͿأ20يÒۆTSL ۦΒÀÒьфԜڌজʼرەڷǣ, TSLۆًॡۺ

࣢ՁقʂॢथÀۙΒəŕ০ҙܔॢ֬܁ۋɰ.

˰͆ԴTSLںࢢȇęÏڹࢹЀĵܓНۆݓ҃ۦͿ

ۺڌॠşڦ३ԴəşܕۆTSL ۦΒقʂॢًॡۺ

࣢ՁथÀÀԸॱʼرآॢɰ. TSLۆًॡۺ࣢Ձں

थÀॠşڦॢɰتॢ֨ॹѓѪ˞ۋ܃֨ф֨ʪʼ Čەݓχ, ÀۤʂशۺڷͿEFNARC (2008)قԴə

TSL ۆՁɠںथÀॠşڦॠي˃ÀݓܛΪۆݓݓ

ՁɠथÀ֨ॹѪں܃֨ॠČەڷ϶ࢢȇęġԓقԴ

ԐڌॠşڦॢTSL ۦΒۆًॡۺ߯ՙՁɠ˞ں

ő܁ॠČەɰ. ۋٽقʪࡑرԐۋۆҙ޳Ìʪ, TSL ۆऐࠡ(punching) ֨ॹ, TSLͿࡑࣶʽؒԵࡑرۆ

ؓ߹֨ॹ, ۍь֨ॹˣۋսॱʼČەڷǣԜՃॢ֨

ॹĀę˞ۋܘߌͤėÒʼČەݓ؍ɰ(Chang et al., 2013).

ۋقٍ҆ĵقԴəTSLۆՁɠںࡾóܟڍॠə

भνϢ॥͟ۋԜۋॢ˃ÀݓܛΪۆҼъڿՁ͆ۋ ȃۦΒقʂॠيݔۿۍۤ֨ॹ, ۍь֨ॹ, TSL ࡑࣶ

֨ॹठۆؓ߹֨ॹфEFNARC (2008)قԴ܃؋ॢ

TSL ۆݓݓՁɠथÀ֨ॹęÏڹɰتॢ֬ॹ֬

֨ॹںսॱॠيۦͺق˰δTSL ۦΒ˞ۆًॡۺ

࣢Ձ˞ęۋق˰δTSLۆݓ҃Ձɠں֬ॹۺڷͿ

थÀॠČۙॠٕɰ.

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Table 1. Main characteristics of two TSL materials used in this study(Chang et al., 2013) Material

name Application Composition Color Polymer content

(estimated) Note

T Support member Liquid/Power Beige < 30% Pot life: 30 minutes

M Sprayable

membrane

Powder

(mixed with water) light grey approx. 30% Curing time: 4~6 hours

Fig. 1. Dimensions of a tensile strength test specimen specified by ASTM D638 (Type 1)

54-᮹ᖒ܆⠪aෝ᭥⦽᜽⨹ႊჶ

Chang et al. (2013) ڹߣşۦͺقԴۆTSL ࣢Ձ

थÀεڦॠيۦͺ7ێقݔۿۍۤ֨ॹ, ҙ޳Ìʪ֨

ॹфEFNARC (2008)ۆݓݓՁɠथÀ֨ॹںսॱ ॠٕɰ. ٍ҆ĵəԜşٍĵۆ঳՚ٍĵۋдͿԜş

ȦЛقԴՙÒॠٕʏ֨ॹѓѪ˞قʂ३ԴəÂ͜০

ԺϼॠČۙॠ϶, ߸ÀۺڷͿ֬֨ॢTSL ࡑࣶ֨ॹ ठۆؓ߹֨ॹقʂ३ԴəۙՃ০ՙÒॠČۙॢɰ.

ۋ˺ՁɠथÀʂԜʪChang et al. (2013)ۆٍĵقԴ

êࢹॠٕʏ˃ÀݓTSL ۦΒεʂԜڷͿॠٕڷ϶

ÁۦΒۆܳڅ࣢ՁڹɰڼۆTable 1ęÏɰ.

54-᮹Ḣᱲᯙᰆ᜽⨹ႊჶ

EFNARC (2008) قԴəTSLۆۍۤÌʪεࠑ܁ॠ

şڦ३ԴASTM D638 ̚əDIN 53504 Type S2قԴ

ő܁ॠČەə֨ॹѓѪں˰βʪ΀ő܁ॠČەɰ (Fig. 1). ٍ҆ĵقԴəASTM D638ۆ֨ॹѓѪں

ܵڌॠٕڷ϶, ۋ˺ؘԸEFNARC (2008)ۆݓݓ

ՁɠथÀ֨ॹѓѪęʴێॠóTSLۆ˃ƍε3 mm Ϳۺڌॠٕɰ. ٍ҆ĵقԴə˃ƍÀ3 mmۍASTM D638 ۆType 1 ֨ॹߕε܃ۚॣսەʪ΀࢐ҙ޳ۋ

Àɠॢ؉ࡾπ঍ࣥںটڌॠي֨ॹߕε܃ۚॠي

֨ॹقԐڌॠٕɰ(Chang ˣ, 2013).

54-᮹ᇡ₊vࠥ᜽⨹ႊჶ

TSL ۆܼڅॢ࣢Ձܼۆॠǣۍҙ޳Ìʪεࠑ܁

ॠşڦ३ԴEFNARC (1996)قԴջࡾν࣡قʂ३

܃֨ॠČەəۍь֨ॹѓѪںۺڌॠٕɰ. ڍԸ

50×50×7 cm ࡾşۆϿβࢍβ(ԺćÌʪ40 MPa) Ҹ

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(a) Brackets glued onto TSL surface (b) Pull-out test

Fig. 2. Specimen preparation and pull-out test to evaluate TSL bond strength (Chang et. al., 2013)

΀ں߿қ০تԦॢ঳, ࡓࡾν࣡Ҹ΀ۆԜɳقѕ० ʽTSLں˃ƍ3 mmͿʪपॠيتԦॠٕɰ. ֨ॹ

֨قəTSL शϸق4×4 cmۆ܁ԐÁ঍ϸۺۆüۙ

εԺ܁ॠČۍь֨ॹڌҵ͒ࢋ(bracket)ęTSL शϸ ںقफ֨Ϳۿ०ॢ঳ۍۤͳںۦॠॠي߯ʂۍۤ

ͳںҙ޳ÌʪͿԓ߻ॠٕɰ(Fig. 2). ۍь֨ॹ֨ۆ

ॠܼۦॠ՚ʪə13 MPa/minۆѩڦͿ֬֨ॠٕɰ.

&'/"3$ ᮹54-ḡḡᖒ܆⠪a

᜽⨹ႊჶ

EFNARC (2008) قԴəġԓęࢢȇقԴĵܓߕ

̚əҼĵܓߕͿԴԐڌॣսەəTSLقʂॢő܁

ęݓࠞں܃֨ॠČەɰ. ࣢০, EFNARC (2008)قə

Table 2 ٮÏۋTSLۆ߯ՙՁɠ˞ęěʹ֨ॹѪ˞

ںő܁ॠČەɰ.

̚ॢ, EFNARC (2008)قԴəTSLۆݓ҃ۦͿԴ ۆՁɠںथÀॠşڦॢ֨ॹѓѪڷͿԴԸ঍Ҹ΀ݓ ݓ֨ॹ(Linear Block Support Test, ۋॠLBS֨ॹ)ę

Ҽܼߑۻɳ֨ॹ(Gap Shear Load Test, ۋॠGSL֨

ॹ)ں܃֨ॠČەɰ(Chang et al., 2013). LBS֨ॹڹ

΀҇࣡Ժ࠘ÂüԐۋقԴۆǤъ঍Ԝںşॠॡۺ ڷͿɳտজॠيTSLۆݓݓՁɠں߸܁ॠşڦॢ

ѓѪڷͿԴ, ؒъҸ΀قॠܼۋÀ३܋Դŀŕۺڷ ͿTSLęؒъҸ΀ԐۋقԴҙ޳ࣷĨ(de-bonding)

ÀьԦॠəইԜںϿԐॢìۋɰ(Fig. 3). ъϸ, GSL

֨ॹڹTSLęؒъҸ΀ԐۋقԴҙ޳ࣷĨÀьԦ ॠݓ؍Čտսॠóۻɳڿͳقۆ३ԴࣷĨÀьԦ ॠəܓæۆČڮݓݓՁɠںथÀॠşڦॢìۋɰ (Fig. 4).

ۋԜęÏۋEFNARC (2008)قԴ܃֨ॠČەə

ݓݓՁɠथÀ֨ॹںڦॢ֨ॹߕ܃ۚںڦॠي,

ॢѥق3Òۆ֨ॹߕε܃ۚॠČTSLۆक़҄˃ƍε

3 mm Ϳܓۼॣսەʪ΀21×3.3×3 cm ࡾşۆ؉ࡾ

π঍ࣥں܃ۚфԐڌॠٕɰ. ঍ࣥقϿβࢍβҸ΀

( ԺćÌʪ40 MPa)˞ę؎Θйɔࣺ˞ںԺ࠘ॢ঳ق

֬ॹ֬قԴѕ०ʽTSLںʪपॠٕڷ϶, Ԝ٣قԴ

܃ۚ·҃ěʽTSL ֨ॹߕۆڿĀۋٰΒʽ঳, ঍ࣥق Դ3Òۆ֨ॹߕεۼɳॠيқνॠٕɰ(Chang et al., 2013).

54-ಽ⎵❦ࡽ᜽⨹⠙᮹ᦶ⇶᜽⨹

TSL ۆݓ҃মęεࣷ؊ॠşڦॢ̚ɰδѓѪڷ ͿԴ, ێъۺۍێ߹ؓ߹֨ॹقԐڌʼəڙࣀ঍ؒ

ۆTSLͿʪपॢࡑࣶ֨ॹठۆؓ߹֨ॹ(coated core compression test) ں֬֨ॣսەɰ(Archibald, 2004;

Povin ˣ, 2004). ҆͒TSLͿࡑࣶʽ֨ॹठۆؓ߹֨

ॹڹԴͿɰδܛভҼεÀݓəؒܳ(rock pillar)ق

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Table 2. Performance requirements for TSLs (EFNARC, 2008)

Performance characteristic Specified test method Class B

³

Class S

⁴

A

¹

Tensile strength DIN 53504 Type S2

or ASTM D638 > 2 MPa at 7 days

B

²

Rate of strength development:

(Time to reach a Tensile Strength of 2MPa at 50 ± 5%

rh and 80 ± 5% rh at 23 ଇ)

DIN 53504 Type S2 or ASTM D638

< 7 days at 50 ± 5% rh

< 14 days at 80 ± 5% rh

A Linear load resistance TSL Linear Block Support Test

> 5 kN/m (equivalent to a 2 ton block ࡊٻDSK

⁵

requirement)

A Tensile E-modulus

Stress/strain on DIN 53504 Type S2 or ASTM D638 specimens

> 0.02 GPa

A Elongation at break DIN 53504 Type S2

or ASTM D638 > 10%

A Shear strength EN 1373 or ASTM

D732 on sawn granite > 0.25 MPa at 24 hours

A Ultimate bond strength

EN 1542 to EN 1766 (type MC 0.40) concrete grit blasted to SA 2

¹

/

₂

Bonds to host rock > 1 MPa

A Fire classification EN 13823 under conditions of EN 13501-1:2002

Reaction to fire behavior B or better. Smoke index s1.

Flaming particles/droplets d0

Reaction to fire behavior B or better. Smoke index s1.

Flaming particles/droplets d0

A Flammability

ASTM E84 (surface spread of flame and smoke index development)

Class 1 Class 1

A Products of combustion NES 713 Pass as suitable for underground use

Pass as suitable for underground use

B Crack bridging DIN EN 1062-7 > 1 mm

B Tear strength @ 28 days DIN ISO 34-1

DIN 53515 > 20 N/mm

B Water tightness EN 1928 or DIN 1048 No water leakage after

28 days at 7 bar B Freeze thaw resistance e.g. SN 73 1326 or

SS 13 72 44 > 50 cycles

B Permeability to water vapour, methane, radon etc

DIN 52615, DIN 16726 or SN 021582

Water vapour < 1.10

^-6

m/s Methane < 1.10

^-16

m/s Radon < 1.10

^-9

m/s B Surface Electrical resistance DIN 22107 Part 6 10

⁹

ഐ/cm 10

⁹

ഐ/cm B Electrostatic charge transfer EN 13463 Part 1 It must not be possible to

charge the TSL

It must not be possible to charge the TSL

1

A ࡊٻMandatory requirement for all intended uses

2

B ࡊٻSpecial requirement for particular situations

3

Class B(Basic) ࡊٻprincipally used as an anti-weathering coating

4

Class S(Standard) ࡊٻused to permanently stabilize the integrity of rock structures whilst accommodating the stresses associated with strata movement

5

DSK ࡊٻDeutsche Steinkohle (German Coal Mines)

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(a) Fixed test sample before load is applied (b) Loaded sample with de-bond as the major failure mechanism Fig. 3. Setup for TSL linear block support test (EFNARC, 2008)

Fig. 4. TSL gap shear load test (EFNARC, 2008)

(a) Specimen preparation (b) TSL-coated specimen before compression tests Fig. 5. Specimen preparation for TSL-coated core compression tests

ʂॢTSLۆݓ҃মęٮ߯ۺۆ˃ƍεथÀॠş

ڦ३܃؋ʽìۋɰ. ̚ॢArchibald (2004)əێъۺ ۍێ߹ؓ߹ܓæۆؒԵ֨ॹठęҼİॣ˺TSLͿ

ࡑࣶʽ֨ॹठۆ߯ʂфۛΪÌʪÀࡾóݒÀॠə

ìڷͿ҃ČॠČەڷǣ, TSLقۆॢؓ߹ÌʪݒÀ

মęقʂॢ܁͟ۺۍқԵۙΒٮTSLۆۦΒ࣢Ձ

фۦͺق˰δɰتॢܓæۆ֬ॹĀę˞ۋ܃֨ʼ ݓ؍Čەɰ.

˰͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴəTSLͿࡑࣶʽؒԵࡑر

֨ॹठ˞ں܃ۚॠČ֬ॹں֬֨ॠي, Ԝş2Àݓ

TSL قʂ३ۦͺق˰δTSLۆݓ҃মęε֬ॹۺڷ Ϳࣷ؊ॠČۙॠٕɰ. ۋ˺TSLۆࡑࣶ˃ƍəؘԸ

ݔۿۍۤ֨ॹܓæę EFNARC (2008)قԴő܁ॠČ

ەə֨ॹ˞ۆܓæęʴێॠó3 mmͿԺ܁ॠٕɰ.

TSL ࡑࣶ֨Βε܃ۚॠşڦॠيݔą54 mmۆ

ؒԵࡑرεţۋ100 mmͿۼɳфٍυॢ঳, TSLۆ

क़҄˃ƍε3 mmͿ܃ۚॠşڦॢЃ˚(Ǵą60

ࡑر߹ۆܼ֮ںЃ˚߹ęێ࠘֨࢈սەʪ΀Ǵą

54 mm ۆগںÀėॠٕڷ϶, TSLۆڙটॢ࢐঍ں

ڦॠيЃ˚Ǵϸقĵν֟εئóԐۻقʪपॠٕ

ɰ. ѕ०ʽTSLںЃ˚Ǵϸق߿қ০ʪपॠČЃ˚

εČ܁֨ࢇ঳, Ѓ˚ۆԜɳڷͿ৙͠ǣ١əTSLں

ŷǘॠóɲ؉Ǵؽɰ. υݓφڷͿۋԜęÏۋ܃ۚ

(7)

Fig. 6. Average tensile strengths of TSLs at different curing ages

Table 3. Direct tensile strength and its corresponding elongation of two kinds of TSL materials

Material name Curing Time (Day) Average tensile strength (MPa) Average elongation at break (%)

T

Day 7 2.72 132.1

Day 14 2.91 113.0

Day 28 3.24 111.7

M

Day 7 3.02 71.0

Day 14 4.29 43.6

Day 28 4.82 51.4

ʽTSL ࡑࣶ֨ॹߕ˞ں܃ۚ঳1ێۋąęʽ঳ق

࢐঍ॠي֨ॹقԐڌॠٕɰ(Fig. 5).

ٍ҆ĵقԴԐڌʽؒԵڹपߎজÌؒڷͿԴथŒ

ێ߹ؓ߹Ìʪə135.7 MPaۋؽڷ϶, 1 mm/minۆ

՚ʪͿѺڦ܃رε֬֨ॠيॠܼںۦॠॠٕɰ. ̚

ॢTSLۆशϸق֯ۙ঍(+) Ѻ঍έóۋݓεҙ޳ॠ يTSLęؒԵۆ҄०֨ॹߕقʂॢ߹ѓॳфভѓ ॳѺ঍έں1ߣɾ10Ò؂ॠܼʚۋࢢٮ॥ƍ֬֨Â ڷͿۙΒεন˛ॠٕɰ.

᜽⨹đŝၰᇥᕾ

54-᮹ᰍಚᄥᯙᰆvࠥ

˃ÀݓTSLۦΒقʂ३ۦͺѻͿ3ধ؂ࠑ܁ʽ

ۍۤÌʪۆथŒÉڹFig. 6 фTable 3ق܁νॠٕɰ.

Table 3 ڷͿҙࢢۦΒMۆथŒۍۤÌʪÀۦΒ

T ҃ɰࡾóࠑ܁ʽìںঝۍॣսەڷ϶, ࣢০, ۦͺ

7 ێقə˃ۦΒۆۍۤÌʪ޲ۋÀأ10%ٕڷǣ, ۦͺ14ێۋ঳قəأ50%Ϳ޲ۋÀʌڎݒÀॠٕ

ɰ. ۋəۍۤÌʪьইقࢀٖॳںй࠘əभνϢ

ՁқۋۦΒTقҼ३ۦΒMقԜʂۺڷͿȭڹ

ҼڱͿप॥ʼرەş˺ЛۍìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ॠݓ χ˃ۦΒϿ˃EFNARC (2008)قԴۦͺ7ێۆ

߯ՙۍۤÌʪͿ܃֨ॠČەə2 MPa҃ɰࢀÉں

Íə ìڷͿ ǣࢍǮɰ. ۍۤࣷĨ ֨ۆ ֪ۤέ (elongation) ڹۦΒTÀۦΒMقҼ३أ2ѕۋԜ

ࡾóǣࢍǮəʚ, ۦΒTə२҄ۋ঳قʪ100% ۋԜ ۆѺ঍ۋێرǨ˺ūݓرɗ܁ʪۆۍۤ۹२ͳں

ь৅ॣսەəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ۋٮÏۋ˃Àݓ

TSL ۦΒقʂ३ࠑ܁ʽ֪ۤέً֨EFNARC (2008) قԴ܃֨ॠČەəࣷĨ֨ۆ֪ۤέşܵۍ10%

ۋԜں߿қ০ԜধॠəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.

(8)

Fig. 7. Bond strength of TSLs to a mortar substrate at different curing ages

(a) De-bonded between a TSL and a substrate (TSL material M, Day 7)

(b) De-bonded between a TSL and a bracket (TSL material T, Day 14) Fig. 8. De-bonding patterns after TSL pull-out tests at different curing ages

54-᮹ᰍಚᄥᇡ₊vࠥ

˃ÀݓTSLۦΒقʂ३ۦͺѻͿࠑ܁ʽҙ޳Ì ʪəɰڼۆFig. 7ęÏɰ. ۦΒTۆथŒҙ޳ÌʪÀ

ۦΒM҃ɰࡾóࠑ܁ʽìںঝۍॣսەڷ϶,

࣢০ۦͺ7ێقԴۦΒTۆथŒҙ޳Ìʪə1.25 MPa ͿԴĵܓۺۍًॣںॠəۦͺ28ێջࡾν࣡

ۆࡓࡾν࣡ϸقʂ३EFNARC (1996)قԴ܃֨ॠČ

ەəҙ޳Ìʪşܵۋًۙ֨EFNARC (2008)قԴ

܃֨ॠČەəۦͺ28ێTSLۆҙ޳Ìʪşܵۍ

1.0 MPa ںϿ˃Ԝধॠيܓşۦͺҙࢢȭڹҙ޳Ì ʪεьই॥ںঝۍॠٕɰ. ۦͺ14ێęۦͺ28ێق ʪۦΒTۆथŒҙ޳ÌʪÀۦΒM҃ɰأ1326%

ࡾóǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 7).

ॠݓχҙ޳Ìʪ֬ॹĀęۆठ޲(Fig. 7)εČͲॢ

ɰϸۦͺ14ێęۦͺ28ێقəڮԐॢսܵۆҙ޳

ÌʪÀصرܐɰČ҇սەɰ. ۋəTSLęϿβࢍβ

Ԑۋۆۍࢢगۋ֟قԴٰۻॢҙ޳ࣷĨÀьԦॠݓ

؍Č, ҙ޳Ìʪࠑ܁ںڦ३TSLϸęҵ͒ࢋԐۋق

ۿ޳ॠٕʏقफ֨ÀқνʽĀęÀप॥ʼؽş˺Л ۍìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ(Fig. 8). ݌, TSLۆҙ޳࣢Ձۋ

ێҙъٖʼؽšॠݓχ, ҙ޳ÌʪÀ1 MPaںԜধॠ əۦͺ14ێęۦͺ28ێقə֬ॹقԐڌʽقफ֨

ۆҙ޳ͳۋࡾóъٖʽìڷͿČͲॣսەɰ.

˰͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴࠑ܁ॢۦͺ14ێęۦͺ28ێۆ

TSL ۆҙ޳ÌʪəɰՙęՙथÀʽìڷͿԐΒʼ϶,

(9)

Fig. 9. Peak strengths of TSL-coated cores at different curing ages

(a) Failure with expansion and de-bonding of TSL (Material M)

(b) Failure of a rock core bonded by TSL (Material T)

Fig. 10. Typical failure patterns of TSL-coated core specimens (Day 7)

ॳ঳قəȭڹҙ޳ÌʪεьইॠəTSLۆՁɠथÀ εڦ३قफ֨ۿ޳ѓ֩ۋ؉ɦ͆ॠҙۆϿβࢍβ ϸūݓߏࣺںԐۻقԙۓॢ঳ۋε֨ॹߕٮ॥ƍ

ۍь֨ࢅə֨ॹѓѪˣۆۺڌۋज़څॣìڷͿԐ Βʽɰ.

54-⎵❦᜽⨹⠙᮹ᰍಚᄥ↽ݡvࠥ

֨ॹठ܃ۚقԐڌʽؒԵۍपߎজÌؒۆथŒ

ێ߹ؓ߹Ìʪ(135.7 MPa)ٮҼİॣ˺, ˃ƍ3 mmۆ

TSL ࡑࣶڷͿۍ३TSLęজÌؒۆ҄०֨ॹठق

ʂॢ߯ʂÌʪۆݒÀমęÀঝ֬ॠóě޶ʼؽɰ (Fig. 9). ̚ॢTSL ࡑࣶ֨ॹठۆ߯ʂÌʪəۦͺۋ

ąęʾս΀ʌڎݒÀॠəąॳںǣࢍǴؽɰ. ۦͺ

7 ێقə߯ʂÌʪۆݒÀڱۋ917%ۋؽڷǣ, ߿ қॢąজÀݕॱʽ঳ۍۦͺ28ێۆ߯ʂÌʪݒÀ ڱڹؒԵۆێ߹ؓ߹ÌʪʂҼथŒ3350%قɵ ॠٕɰ. ࣢০, ۦΒTۆąڍÀ߯ʂÌʪۆݒÀफۋ

ԜʂۺڷͿࡾóǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 9). ۋəؘԸ3.2ۼق Դࠑ܁ʽцٮÏۋۦΒTÀؒԵقʂॢҙ޳ͳۋ

ࡾş˺Лقॠܼۦॠق˰δؒԵۆѺ঍قʂ३

ԜʂۺڷͿȭڹսܵۆĵ՚ͳ(confinement)ںÀ॰

ş˺ЛڷͿࣺɳʽɰ.

ۋ͠ॢĀęəࣷĨ঳ۆ֨ॹߕ঍ԜڷͿҙࢢʪ

ڮ߸ॣսەɰ. ٚε˞ر, ۦͺ7ێۆܓşۦͺܓæ

قԴҙ޳ͳęÌՁۋԜʂۺڷͿǰڷ϶भνϢۆ

(10)

Fig. 11. Stress-strain curves of a rock core and TSL-coated core specimens

॥͟ۋȭڹۦΒMۆąڍقəؒԵۆࠑѓॳѺ঍

( ऋ޻)ق˰͆ۦΒMۆशϸۋ॥ƍѺ঍фऋ޻ॠٕ

ČؒԵϸęTSL ԐۋقԴəҙ޳ࣷĨÀьԦॢìں

ě޶ॣսەؽɰ(Fig. 10a). ъϸ, ۦΒTۆąڍقə

ۦͺ7ێҙࢢԜʂۺڷͿȭڹҙ޳ͳęÌՁڷͿ

ۍ३ࣷĨۋۻūݓؒԵۆࠑѓॳѺ঍قʂ३ȭڹ

ĵ՚ͳںۚڌॠɰÀؒԵۆࣷĨ֨قTSLۋؒԵق

äۆҙ޳ʽԜࢗͿ॥ƍްرݓəąॳںǣࢍǴؽ ɰ(Fig. 10b). ݌, ֨ϯ࣡ՁąজߕՁқۋप॥ʽۦΒ

T əؒԵقʂ३ԜʂۺڷͿȭڹҙ޳ͳęĵ՚ͳں

ۚڌॠي, TSLęؒԵ҄०ߕۆ߯ʂÌʪٮÌՁں

ࡾóॳԜ֨ࡎڼں؎սەɰ(Fig. 11). ࣢০, Fig.

11 ڷͿҙࢢʴێॢڿͳսܵقԴێъۺۍؒԵ֨ॹ ߕٮҼİॣ˺TSLۆĵ՚ͳقۆ३TSLęؒԵ

҄०ߕۆѺ঍έۋϔڍǰڹսܵڷͿ܃ॢʿںঝ ۍॣսەɰ. ۋԜęÏۋTSLقۆॢ߯ʂÌʪٮ

ÌՁۆॳԜমęεঝۍॣսەؽڷ϶, ॳ঳ؒܳٮ

ÏڹؒъĹ޳ϸقTSLںࢍԺфक़҄ॠóʼϸ

ئڹ˃ƍͿʪؒъۆÌʪݒݕমęεşʂॣս

ەںìڷͿࣺɳʼؽɰ. ɳ, ٍ҆ĵقԴսॱॢ֨ॹ ܓæقԴə߯ʂÌʪʪɵ঳قTSL ࡑࣶ֨ॹߕÀ

śü০ࣷĨʼرۛΪÌʪˣۆࣷĨ঳äʴںě޶

ॣսػؽɰ. Archibald (2004)ÀسśॢTSL ࡑࣶ

֨ॹठۆۛΪÌʪݒݕমęٮࣷĨ঳äʴںě޶

ॠşڦ३Դəؓ߹ÌʪÀԜʂۺڷͿǰڹؒԵق

ʂ३҃ɰ܁нॢѺڦ܃ر֨ॹں֬֨ॠäǣTSLۆ

˃ƍεݒÀ֨ࡈآॣìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ.

54-᮹ḡḡᖒ܆⠪ađŝ

Fig. 12 ٮÏۋEFNARC (2008)قԴ܃֨ॢ֨ॹ ѓѪ˞قۆ३˃ÀݓTSLۦΒقʂ३ۦͺѻͿ

ࠑ܁ʽݓݓՁɠ࣢ՁڹFig. 13 фTable 4ٮÏɰ.

GSL ֨ॹĀęͿҙࢢۦΒMۆथŒ߯ʂॠܼۋ

ۦΒT҃ɰࡾóࠑ܁ʽìںঝۍॣսەəʚ, ۋə

տսॠóTSLۆۻɳڿͳقۆ३ԴχࣷĨÀьԦॠ əGSL ֨ॹۆ࣢ՁڷͿۍ३ۍۤÌʪۆٖॳں

ࡾóыڹìڷͿٚԜॣսەɰ. ˰͆ԴभνϢ

ՁқںۦΒTقҼ३ԜʂۺڷͿψۋ॥ڮॠيۍۤ

ÌʪÀࡾóǣࢍǦۦΒMۆथŒ߯ʂॠܼۋۦͺ

28 ێقəأ21% ۋԜࡾóǣࢍǮɰ.

TSL ęؒъԐۋقԴҙ޳ࣷĨεϿԐॠəLBS

֨ॹĀę, ۦͺ7ێ֨قə3.2ۼقԴҙ޳ÌʪÀ

ۚڹìڷͿǣࢍǦۦΒMۋأ38% ܁ʪथŒ

(11)

(a) Gap shear load test (b) Linear block support test Fig. 12. EFNARC (2008) suggested tests to evaluate the bearing capacity of TSL

Fig. 13. Average peak loads obtained from GSL and LBS tests at different curing ages

Table 4. Experimental results of TSL tests proposed by EFNARC(2008)

Material

name Curing time

Gap shear load test Linear block support test Average peak load,

Fmax (N)

Average displacement at peak (mm)

Average peak load, Fmax (N)

Average displacement at peak (mm)

T

Day 7 453.9 6.46 356.1 6.85

Day 14 458.4 6.02 396.7 6.24

Day 28 570.3 5.21 384.6 6.14

M

Day 7 486.0 6.44 220.9 9.36

Day 14 582.0 6.82 417.9 9.45

Day 28 689.6 6.47 515.5 8.86

߯ʂॠܼۋۚóथÀʼؽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۦͺ14ێقə

֨ॹĀęۆठ޲εČͲॠϸ˃ۦΒۆथŒ߯ʂॠ

ܼۋڮԐॢìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ۦͺ28ێقəۦΒ

T ۆथŒ߯ʂॠܼۋۦͺ14ێĀęٮڮԐॠóǣࢍ

Ǧъϸ, ۦΒMڹथŒ߯ʂॠܼۋۦͺ14ێق

Ҽ३أ23% ݒÀॠيۦΒT҃ɰۦΒMۆ߯ʂॠܼ

ۋࡾóԓ߻ʼؽɰ. ࣢০, ࣷĨ֨ūݓьԦॢѺڦε

ԕट҃ϸۦΒMقԴԜʂۺڷͿʌࢀѺڦÀьԦ ʽ঳قࣷĨÀьԦ॥ںঝۍॣսەɰ. ۋəۦͺق

˰͆ÇսÀʼϸԴÌʪÀɗνóݒݕʼəभνϢ

(12)

ۆ࣢Ձقۆ३, भνϢۆ॥͟ۋࢀۦΒMۋۤşۦ ͺقԴəҙ޳ࣷĨقʂॢ۹२ՁۋԜʂۺڷͿ࠶ݓ ş˺ЛۍìڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ࣢০ۦΒMۆąڍقə

֨ॹߕ܃ۚ঳ق֨Âۋąęʿق˰͆ۦΒǴҙق

प॥ʼؽʏսқۋӇ܋ǣÀϸԴ, ۦͺ7ێę14ێ

Ԑۋق LBS֨ॹق ۆॢ ߯ʂॠܼۆ ݒÀڱۋ أ

189% ͿǣࢍǣۋۦͺşÂقǴॠͳۋÀۤśüॠ óԜ֧ॠəìں؎սەؽɰ.

ۋԜۆĀęͿҙࢢ, ۦͺ7ێۆߣşۦͺقԴə

֨ϯ࣡Ձқۆ॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۦΒÀݓ҃ͳьইق

ڮνॠݓχ, ۦͺۋąęʾս΀भνϢǴҙۆսқ ۋÇՙॠϸԴۤşۦͺۆݓ҃ͳьইقəभνϢ

॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۦΒÀমęۺێսەəìڷͿ

ࣺɳʽɰ. ॳ঳قəTSLۆ४֮ĵՁۦΒۆ॥͟ق

˰δۋԜۆ࣢Ձ˞ںČͲॠيࢢȇݓ҃ۦͿԴۺ ०ॢ߯ۺۆTSL ÒьۋۋΘر܋آॣìۋɰ.

đು

ٍ҆ĵقԴəभνϢ॥͟ۋԜۋॢ˃ÀݓTSL ۦΒقʂ३ݔۿۍۤ֨ॹ, ۍь֨ॹ, TSL ࡑࣶ֨ॹ ठقʂॢؓ߹֨ॹфEFNARC (2008)قԴ܃؋ॢ

TSL ۆݓݓՁɠथÀ֨ॹ˞ںսॱॠيݓ҃ۦͿԴ

TSL ۆۺڌÀɠՁںथÀॠČۙॠٕɰ.

֨ॹĀę, भνϢ॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۆथŒۍۤÌ ʪÀभνϢ॥͟ۋԜʂۺڷͿǰڹTSL҃ɰࡾó

ǣࢍǮڷ϶, ۦͺۋąęʾս΀ۍۤÌʪ޲ۋÀʌ ڎݒÀॠٕɰ. ॠݓχ, ˃ۦΒϿ˃EFNARC (2008) قԴő܁ॠČەəۦͺ7ێۆ߯ՙۍۤÌʪۍ2 MPa ںԜধॠٕɰ.

ъϸ, ֨ϯ࣡ćՁқۆ॥͟ۋψڹTSLۆथŒ

ҙ޳ÌʪÀԜʂۺڷͿࡾóǣࢍǮəʚ, ۋəभν ϢۦΒٮҼİॣ˺֨ϯ࣡ćՁқۆӇδąজͿ

ۍ३ߣşۦͺҙࢢҙ޳ͳۋࡾóьইʽìڷͿԐ Βʽɰ. ॠݓχً֨˃ÀݓTSLۦΒۆҙ޳Ìʪə

EFNARC (1996) قԴۦͺ28ێջࡾν࣡قʂ३܃

֨ॠČەə1.0 MPa ۋԜڷͿࠑ܁ʼؽɰ. ̚ॢҙ޳

ÌʪÀ2 MPa ۋԜۍČҙ޳ۦΒقʂ३Դəقफ֨

ۆҙ޳ࣷĨÀϤ۹ьԦॣսەڷдͿ, قफ֨ε

Ԑڌॠəێъۺۍۍь֨ॹۋ؉ɨȭڹҙ޳Ìʪε

ࠑ܁ॣսەə࣢սۍь֨ॹۆսॱۋज़څॣìڷ ͿǣࢍǮɰ.

TSL ͿࡑࣶॢؒԵ֨ॹठقʂॢێ߹ؓ߹֨ॹ

Āę, ۦͺ28ێق˃ƍ3 mmۆTSL ࡑࣶقۆॢ

߯ʂÌʪݒÀڱڹؒԵۆێ߹ؓ߹ÌʪʂҼ33

50% ͿԴTSLͿۍॢ߯ʂÌʪۆݒÀমęÀ̤͸ۋ

ě޶ʼؽɰ. ࣢০, ֨ϯ࣡ćՁқۋԜʂۺڷͿψۋ

प॥ʽTSL ۦΒۆؓ߹ÌʪݒݕমęÀࡾóǣࢍǮ əʚ, ۋəؒԵقʂॢҙ޳ͳęÌՁۋߣşۦͺҙ ࢢԜʂۺڷͿࡾóьইʼرॠܼۦॠق˰δؒԵ ۆѺ঍قʂ३ȭڹսܵۆĵ՚ͳںÀ॰ş˺Лڷ Ϳࣺɳʽɰ.

տսۻɳࣷĨܓæۍGSL֨ॹقԴəۍۤÌʪÀ

ࢀTSLۦΒۆ߯ʂॠܼۋϿ˜ۦͺقԴࡾóǣࢍǮ ڷ϶, ҙ޳ࣷĨܓæۍLBS֨ॹقԴəभνϢۆÇ սÀ߿қ০ۋΘرݓݓ؍ڹۦͺ7ێقԴभνϢۆ

॥͟ۋǰڹTSLۦΒۆ߯ʂॠܼۋԜʂۺڷͿ࠾ڷ ǣۦͺ14ێҙࢢəभνϢۆÇսق˰δÌʪݒݕ মęͿۍ३भνϢۆ॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۦΒۆ߯ʂॠ

ܼۋࡾóǣࢍǮɰ.

ۋԜۆĀęͿҙࢢ, ٍ҆ĵۆ֨ॹʂԜۍ˃Àݓ

TSL ۦΒϿ˃EFNARC (2008)قԴő܁ॠČەə

߯ՙՁɠşܵ˞ںχܔॠəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ॠݓ χߣşۦͺقԴə֨ϯ࣡Ձқۆ॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۦ ΒÀݓ҃ͳьইقԜʂۺڷͿڮνॠ϶, ۦͺۋą ęʾս΀भνϢǴҙۆսқۋÇՙॠϸԴۤşۦͺ ۆݓ҃ͳьইقəभνϢ॥͟ۋȭڹTSLۦΒÀ

মęۺێսەəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ॳ঳قəTSL ४֮ĵՁۦΒ˞ۆĵՁҼق˰δۋԜۆ࣢Ձ˞ں

ČͲॠيࢢȇݓ҃ۦͿԴۺ०ॢ߯ۺۆTSL Òьۋ

ۋΘر܋آॣìۋɰ. ̚ॢभνϢ॥͟ۋȭڷ϶

қϊɳێՁқڷͿĵՁʽTSLڹࢍԺϸۆսқܓæ

(13)

ق˰͆ąজ࣢ՁۋܟڍʼČԜʂۺڷͿқݕьԦ ۋࡾóьԦॣսەş˺Лق, ĵՁۦΒق˰δ

TSL ۆ֨ėՁʪ॥ƍČͲ३آॣìۋɰ.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ٍ҆ĵəॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙۆܳڅԐغۍ“ڏ ڌܼėÂঝۤۋÀɠॢݓॠĹ޳ф؋܁জşց

Òь”ۆٍĵҼݓڙقۆ३սॱʼؽ֥ɦɰ.

3FGFSFODFT

1. ASTM (2010), Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, D638-10.

2. Archibald, J.F. (2004), “Chapter 4. canadian laboratory and field testing”, Surface Support in Mining, Y. Povin, D. Stacey and J. Hadjigeorgiou (eds), Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp.

73-87.

3. Chang, S.-H., Lee, G.-P., Han, J.-T., Park, Y.-T., Choi, S.-W., Hwang, G.-S., Choi, M.-S. (2013),

“An experimental study on the evaluation of Early- age mechanical properties of Polymer-based thin Spray-on liners”, Tunnel and Underground Space, Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics,

Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 413-427.

4. Clements, M.J. (2002), “The future of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete”, Proc. the 4th Int. Symp. on Sprayed Concrete, Norwegian Concrete Association, pp. 73-81.

5. EFNARC (1996), European Specification for Sprayed Concrete.

6. EFNARC (2008), Specification and Guidelines on Thin Spray-on Liners for Mining and Tunnelling.

7. Lau, V., Saydam, S., Cai, Y., Mitra, R. (2008),

“Laboratory investigation of support mechanism for thin Spray-on liners”, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG), Goa, India, pp. 1381-1388.

8. Povin, Y., Stacey, D., Hadjigeorgiou, J., Yilmaz, H. (2004), “Part 1: thin Spray-on liners(TSLs)-A quick reference guide”, Surface Support in Mining, Y. Povin, D. Stacey and J. Hadjigeorgiou (eds), Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp. 3-43.

9. Roberts, R. (2001), “Time to look below the surface of membranes”, Australian Mining Monthly, August, pp. 62-63.

10. Tannant, D.D. (2001), “Thin Spray-on liners for

underground rock support”, Proceedings of the

17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition

of Turkey - IMCET 2001, pp. 57-73.

An experimental study on bonding and bearing capacities of thin spray-on liner to evaluate its applicability as a tunnel support member

*Corresponding author: Soo-Ho Chang E-mail: [email protected]

Received October 23, 2013; Revised October 29, 2013;

Accepted November 4, 2013

෉஼೾  ȵଲָෂ  ȵࢮઽ೿  ȵౖ০૵  ȵจֱন  ȵౖࡣਐ  ȵୋ৤෹ 

Ҽধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵ֬սԵٍĵڙ

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܁ধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵ֬ۻےٍĵڙ

Ҽধڙ ܳ֬ࡾͿ˚࣯؛˥ܳےٍĵڙ

܁ধڙ ܳ֬ࡾͿ˚࣯؛˥ԜИۋԐ

܁ধڙ ॢĶæԺşցٍĵڙ40$Ձɠٍĵՙ(&0ۍٍ॒͆ĵٍ֬ĵڦڙ

An experimental study on bonding and bearing capacities of thin spray-on liner to evaluate its applicability as a tunnel support member

Jin-Tae Han

, Gyu-Phil Lee

, Young-Taek Park

, Soon-Wook Choi

, Gwi-Sung Hwang

, Myung-Sik Choi

, Soo-Ho Chang

*

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Senior Researcher

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Senior Researcher

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Research Specialist

SILKROAD T&D, Senior Research Engineer

SILKROAD T&D, Executive Engineer

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Research Fellow

Keywords: Thin spray-on liner, Polymer, Bearing capacity, Bonding, Tensile strength

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࣢০ भνϢՁқۋȭںս΀ۍۤÌʪÀݒÀॠəъϸ ֨ϯ࣡ćՁқۋȭںս΀ԜʂۺڷͿߣşۦͺقԴҙ޳ÌʪÀࡾó

ǣࢍǫں֬ॹۺڷͿঝۍॠٕɰ

ܳڅرчࠗ͆ۋȃ भνϢ ݓݓՁɠ ҙ޳ͳ ۍۤÌʪ

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ۻՃćۺڷͿջࡾν࣡əࢢȇ, ݓॠėÂфԐϸ قԴؒъںݓݓॠşڦॢܳݓ҃ۦͿԴটڌʼČ

ەɰ. 1910țʂقæ֩ջࡾν࣡À߯ߣͿÒьʽ

ۋ͒Ϳ, 1990țʂ˞رԴࠚঞąۺۋČՁɠۋڍս

ॢ؎ࠥν॒νćśĀ܃ٮȭڹÇսমęεǣࢍǴə

ČՁɠÇս܃ÀÒьʼəˣջࡾν࣡ۆՁɠڹݓ

՚ۺڷͿॳԜʼČەɰ(Clements, 2002). Ŕ͠ǣҝ

͟ॢݓъܓæقԴəࢍԺ͟ۋݒÀॠ϶, 10% Ǵٽ ۆνцڏ˚, ɰ͟ۆқݕфǰڹҙ޳ÌʪˣͿ

ۍ३ջࡾν࣡εʂߕॣսەəԞͿڏݓ҃ۦۆ

ÒьۋڅĵʼČەɰ. ۋ͠ॢۋڮͿ߯Ŗ˞رчࠗ

Ӿࠜ͆ۋȃ(Thin Spray-on Liner, ۋॠTSL)Àݓ҃

ф޲սۆ҄०şɠںь৅ॣսەəݓ҃ۦͿԴ

ܳЀыČەəʚ, ࣢০TSLڹ35 mmۆئڹ˃ƍ ͿؒъϸقӾرҤيݓəभνϢ(polymer) şъۆ

ڮşজ०НۦΒͿĵՁʼرҼİۺت঒ॢؒъܓ æقԴջࡾν࣡ٮߏϐںʂߕॣսەə֪Òȝۆ

ݓ҃ۦۋɰ(Roberts, 2001). 1980țʂ঳ъقࠪǣɰ ۆQueen's UniversityقԴ߯ߣͿTSLقʂॢٍĵε

սॱॢۋ঳Ϳ, 2004țşܵڷͿۻՃćۺڷͿ50Ò

ۋԜۆġԓقԴটڌʼČەə֬܁ۋɰ(Povin et al., 2004).

TSL ڹ֪՚ॢࢍԺۋÀɠॠČȭڹܓş؋܁Ձ ڷͿۍ३ջࡾν࣡ٮߏϐںʂߕॠϸԴǤъںѓ ݓॣսەڷ϶, ѓսՁɠęܳۓՁɠۋڍսॠيݓ ॠսڮۓںѓݓॠČؒъں҃Ìॣսەəমęε

ÀݓČەɰ. ࣢০, ࢏Ձ࣢Ձęҙ޳ͳۋϔڍڍսॠ

϶֨Âق˰δۤşَজÀäۆػɰəۤ۾ںÀݓ Čەɰ(Lau et al., 2008; Tannant, 2001).

̚ॢTSLڹۦΒۆъڿՁق˰͆ъڿՁ͆ۋȃ (reactive liner) ٮҼъڿՁ͆ۋȃ(non-reactive liner) Ϳĵқॣսەɰ. ъڿՁ͆ۋȃəࢍԺ঳10қ

ۋǴقߣşъڿęڿĀۋьԦॠəìں࣢ݜڷͿ

ॠ϶, Ԝ٣قԴ1֨ÂۋǴقŕॢۍۤÌʪۆ߯ՙ

75% ьইॠəìڷͿ܁ۆʽɰ. ъϸ, ҼъڿՁ͆ۋ ȃəջࡾν࣡ǣभνϢ/֨ϯ࣡ćঔ०Нˣںۆй ॠəìڷͿԴ, تԦ֨ÂۋʌţČ֨Âąęق˰͆

ÇսইԜęÌʪݒݕۋսъʽɰ. ॠݓχێъۺڷ ͿъڿՁ͆ۋȃٮҼİॣ˺ԜʂۺڷͿÀüۋ

۹Ͷॠɰəۤ۾ۋەɰ(Povin et al., 2004).

ڦٮÏۋTSLڹɰتॢۤ۾ۋەڷǣ, ؉ݔūݓ

TSL قۆॢؒъݓ҃Ժćę܁ęѓѪۋঝςʼر

ەݓ؍ڷ϶, ࣢০ջࡾν࣡ٮÏۋܳͿ৉ؓ߹ڿͳ ںыə؉࠘ĵܓߕͿԺćॠəێъۺۍѓѪں

˃ƍÀئڹTSLقۺڌॠşÀرͷɰ(Povin et al., 2004). ̚ॢ, ইۦۻՃćۺڷͿأ20يÒۆTSL ۦΒÀÒьфԜڌজʼرەڷǣ, TSLۆًॡۺ

࣢ՁقʂॢथÀۙΒəŕ০ҙܔॢ֬܁ۋɰ.

˰͆ԴTSLںࢢȇęÏڹࢹЀĵܓНۆݓ҃ۦͿ

ۺڌॠşڦ३ԴəşܕۆTSL ۦΒقʂॢًॡۺ

࣢ՁथÀÀԸॱʼرآॢɰ. TSLۆًॡۺ࣢Ձں

थÀॠşڦॢɰتॢ֨ॹѓѪ˞ۋ܃֨ф֨ʪʼ Čەݓχ, ÀۤʂशۺڷͿEFNARC (2008)قԴə

TSL ۆՁɠںथÀॠşڦॠي˃ÀݓܛΪۆݓݓ

ՁɠथÀ֨ॹѪں܃֨ॠČەڷ϶ࢢȇęġԓقԴ

ԐڌॠşڦॢTSL ۦΒۆًॡۺ߯ՙՁɠ˞ں

ő܁ॠČەɰ. ۋٽقʪࡑرԐۋۆҙ޳Ìʪ, TSL ۆऐࠡ(punching) ֨ॹ, TSLͿࡑࣶʽؒԵࡑرۆ

ؓ߹֨ॹ, ۍь֨ॹˣۋսॱʼČەڷǣԜՃॢ֨

ॹĀę˞ۋܘߌͤėÒʼČەݓ؍ɰ(Chang et al., 2013).

ۋقٍ҆ĵقԴəTSLۆՁɠںࡾóܟڍॠə

भνϢ॥͟ۋԜۋॢ˃ÀݓܛΪۆҼъڿՁ͆ۋ ȃۦΒقʂॠيݔۿۍۤ֨ॹ, ۍь֨ॹ, TSL ࡑࣶ

֨ॹठۆؓ߹֨ॹфEFNARC (2008)قԴ܃؋ॢ

TSL ۆݓݓՁɠथÀ֨ॹęÏڹɰتॢ֬ॹ֬

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