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Analysis and Conversion of Web Document Structure

for Generation of Mobile Contents

Jeong-Hee Kim

(Supervised by professor Ho-Young Kwak)

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Information Engineering

December 2004

This thesis has been examined and approved.

Thesis director,

Thesis director,

Thesis director,

Thesis director,

Thesis director,

December 2004

Department of Information Engineering

Graduate School

Contents

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SUMMARY

Analysis and Conversion of Web Document Structure

for Generation of Mobile Contents

Jeong-Hee, Kim Department of Information Engineering Graduate School of Cheju National University

In this thesis, methods of analysis of web document structure supporting wired internet service in wireless environment and transformation from complex contents for wired internet to mobile contents are suggested.

In addition, analysis model and evaluation standard are developed as a test-bed for proposed two research results based on degree of user preference.

The presented analysis method of web document structure makes the web docu-ment in previous stage reformed as XHTML docudocu-ment based on XML. In addition it unifies layout components in overlap pages in web documents, and clarifies the places for use of related components. Also it makes the web documents lightweight by eliminating the dynamic and unnecessary components.

With the proposed analysis method of web document structure, hardware limi-tation of mobile terminal can be overcome. and browsing view of wired and mobile environments can be retained. In addition, XSL pattern template in the stage of contents transformation can be made simple. For reusing in various mobile devices, web documents are reformed as a light lightweight XHTML documents which is composed of single table.

Next, the proposed content transformation method makes lightweight web docu-ments transformed to XHTML basic docudocu-ments which is adopted as mobile mark-up

language, and it applies XSL transformed template document including conversion rule based on XHTML basic module to a single table which is the result of the analysis of web document structure.

Finally, it is shown that the proposed methods of content transform and con-version processing retain the consistent browsing view between wired and mobile environment, and make the XPATH complexity in conversion technique lessened quantitatively.

List of Figures

Fig. 1 Category of content conversion method considered in the thesis. . . 5

Fig. 2 Wired and wireless network structure. . . 8

Fig. 3 Model of WAP service. . . 10

Fig. 4 Proxy model of WAP 2.0 service. . . 11

Fig. 5 Protocol stack of WAP 1.X. . . 11

Fig. 6 Model of ME service. . . 12

Fig. 7 Comparison of standards of i-Mode, WAP and ME technique. . . . 12

Fig. 8 Comparison of standards of i-Mode, WAP and ME technique. . . . 13

Fig. 9 Proposed concept of browsing view. . . 30

Fig. 10 Example view web document. . . 31

Fig. 11 Example page with plenty image and page layout. . . 34

Fig. 12 Example page with dynamic script. . . 34

Fig. 13 Mistaken in tag usage. . . 35

Fig. 14 Corrected tag usage by removal of unnecessary tag in Fig. 13. . . . 35

Fig. 15 Concept of single table extraction from web documents. . . 36

Fig. 16 Concept of single table extraction for contents block. . . 38

Fig. 17 Extraction concept of “<FORM>” components. . . . 40

Fig. 18 Simplified diagram of extraction of single table. . . 41

Fig. 19 Steps of web document structure analysis. . . 41

Fig. 20 UML sequence diagram of algorithm. . . 43

Fig. 21 Steps from web documents structure analysis to contents conversion. 53 Fig. 22 Flow diagram of analyzer and redirector. . . 57

Fig. 23 Service meta model. . . 58

Fig. 24 Preferred services of mobile users (units:%). . . 59

Fig. 25 Excepted preference services of mobile users (units:%). . . 60

Fig. 26 Results of structure analysis for yahoo.com. . . 62

Fig. 27 Results of source code form yahoo.com. . . 63

Fig. 28 Results of structure analysis for amazon.com. . . 64

Fig. 29 Results of structure analysis for buy.com. . . 65

Fig. 30 Results of source code for amazon.com and buy.com. . . 66

Fig. 31 A part of yahoo.com in internet explorer. . . 66

Fig. 32 Conversion result of yahoo.com in internet explorer. . . 69

Fig. 33 Conversion result of yahoo.com in mobile browser. . . 70

Fig. 35 Conversion result of amazon.com in internet explorer. . . 72

Fig. 36 Conversion result of amazon.com in mobile browser. . . 73

Fig. 37 A part of buy.com in internet explorer. . . 74

Fig. 38 Conversion result of buy.com in internet explorer. . . 75

List of Tables

Table 1. Feature of wireless Internet. . . 8

Table 2. Comparison between wired and wireless Internet environment. . . 9

Table 3. View of mobile markup languages. . . 15

Table 4. Tag types and example of filtering process for HTML tags. . . 22

Table 5. Tag conversion table. . . 23

Table 6. Modules of XHTML Basic. . . 23

Table 7. Summary of related researches. . . 26

Table 8. Ratio of tags for main page layout of web sites. . . 29

Table 9. Proposed web document structure analysis. . . 34

Table 10. Rules for single table extraction from web documents. . . 37

Table 11. Rules for single table extraction for contents block. . . 39

Table 12. Rules for “<FORM>” components extraction. . . . 39

Table 13. Tags list for deletion. . . 40

Table 14. Rules for tag deletion. . . 40

Table 15. Scanning algorithm. . . 42

Table 16. Algorithm for single table extraction. . . 44

Table 17. Comparison between HTML 4.0 and XHTML Basic based on XHTML modularization. . . 48

Table 18. Mapping table for conversion based on filtering. . . 50

Table 19. Rules for conversion. . . 51

Table 20. Example of attribute and tag conversion. . . 51

Table 21. Structure of single table with contents. . . 54

Table 22. XPATH example of conversion template. . . 55

Table 23. Example of contents conversion template. . . 56

Table 24. Analysis data of Fig. 24 and Fig. 25. . . 61

Table 25. Estimating criterion. . . 67

Table 26. Reliability algorithm. . . 67

Table 27. XSL template for text extraction. . . 67

Table 28. Estimated value of contents assembling sequence after contents conversion. . . 68

Table 29. Error characters. . . 70

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Method of Content Conversion

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Fig. 1 Category of content conversion method considered in the thesis.

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2©œ\"fH Áº‚ “'Å , R/Û ëH"f ½¨›¸ ìr$3, Ä»‚ –BHJ$™ÞÔ\"f —¸{9 –BHJ$™ÞԖР_ ¨8Š ~½ÓZO, Õªo“¦ —¸{9 ß¼\O ƒ#Qü< ›'aº)a ‚'Ÿ ƒ½¨[þt`¦ ¶ú˜(R˜Ð“¦ s\¦ כ¹€• %i.

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1) ÈÁ¤n> ê>'a*7i 5³À Á º‚ “'Å sêøÍ ´ú˜ Õª@/–Ð „o‚s
 „6 x r‚õ °ú “Ér ‚`¦ s6 x t ·ú§“¦ Áº‚}©œ(Wireless Network)`¦ s6 x #Œ Anytime, Anywhere 7£¤ M:ü< ©œ™è\ ›'a> \O s Ä»\v> “' Å©œ\ ”>rF H &ñ˜Ð\ ]XH > H Ä»q3$'Û¼ (ŽÉÓhA ¨8Šâ `



¦ _pôÇ(R. Kalden 1px 2000), (N. K. Sharma, 2002), (M. Shi 1px 2003). Fig. 2(y©œ

I½© 1px 2002)\H Ä»·Áº‚ W1àÔ0>ß¼ ½¨›¸\¦ ˜Ð%iܼ 9, Table 1(þj6 xU´, 2003)\H Áº‚ “'Å _ :£¤f`ç¦ &ño #Œ
?/%3. 2) ˤn> ê>'a*7iø˜+ l Ä »·Áº‚ “'Å ¨8Šâ“Ér Table 2(îr$í{9, 2002)ü< °ú s q“§½+É Ãº e”ܼ 9, yŒ• ½¨ìr \ Ér s\ _K Ä»‚ ©œ\"f ]j/BN÷&H “'Å "fqÛ¼H —¸{9 ¨8Šâ\"f Ä»‚ õ  1lx{9 > "fqÛ¼ ~Î`æ ú \O. "f Ä»‚ –BHJ$™ÞÔ\¦ —¸{9 ¨8Šâ\"f "fqÛ¼ ÷

WAP Gateway Inter-Working Function CP Server CP Server Switching System Wireless Internet Network Public Internet

Fig. 2 Wired and wireless network structure.

3) ÈÁ¤n> ê>'a*7i "jâ« '‘×ÐÏ

Á

º‚ “'Å "fqÛ¼ ~½Ód”ܼ–ЍH ß¼> WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) áÔ

–ОÐc+t lìøÍ_ WAP ~½Ód”, Õªo“¦ HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) áԖОÐ

c +

t lìøÍ_ ME(Mobile Explorer) ~½Ód”, ¢¸ôÇ i-Mode(NTT DoCoMo)(i-Mode) ~½Ód”

ܼ–Ð ½¨ìr½+É Ãº e”. ¢¸ôÇ 6£x6 x "fqÛ¼–ЍH ½™×¼˜:r lìøÍ_ —¸{9 “'Å , PDA\ CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) }9`¦ »1ÑF #Œ X<s'\¦ f”]X „5Åx ~ÃÎ`¦ ú e ” H PDA x9 ½™×¼˜:r lìøÍ_ —¸{9 “'Å , ”¸àÔ·¡¤\ CDMA }9`¦ »1ÑF #Œ Áº‚ “ 'Å \ f”]X ]X5q½Å+É Ãº e”H ”¸àÔ·¡¤ x 9™×½¼˜:r lìøÍ_ —¸{ “9 'Šܼ–Ð µ1τ  “¦ e”(Ä»%ò¨8Š, 2002), (s1lxH 1px 2002).

Table 1. Feature of wireless Internet.

: £ ¤fç - ƒ]j #Qn"f
 ]X5Åqs 0px - YOwpn#Q "fqÛ¼ 0px - l”>r „]j¾¡§ x9 ©œq\ @/ôÇ "鶏 ›¸7áxs 0px @ /³ð&h "fqÛ¼ - >h“ &ñ˜Ð ›'ao "fqÛ¼ - ÂÒ &ñ˜Ð\¦ ]j/BN H SMS "fqÛ¼ - M-Commerce "fqÛ¼ ] jôÇ †½Ó - Áº‚ s1lx :Ÿx’}©œ_ ±ú“Ér @/%i;Ÿ¤ - ©œ@/&hܼ–Ð Œ•“Ér nÛ¼e¦YUs ‚½Ó - Áº‚}©œ \Oçߖ sK ›'a> 4Ÿ¤¸úš

Table 2. Comparison between wired and wireless Internet environment. ½ ¨ìr Ä»‚ “'Å Áº‚ “'Å „  5Åx 5Åq•¸ 56Kbps\"f úÑþ˜ Mbps 14.4Kbps\"f 2Mbps(IMT 2000) 

o€ 640 × 480 Pixels 128 × 128 Pixels s  “



'`…sÛ¼ €ªœôÇ {9§4©œuü< ئ§4©œu Ӑo&ño€, ™èáÔàÔ !Q—Ér 1px :

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x’ \QÖ¦ 6ú±£§ Z}6£§ á

ԖОÐc+t TCP/IP TCP/IP, WAP – B HJ$™ÞÔ +þAI HTML WML, cHTML, mHTML, HDML ] X H +þAI €ªœ~½Ó†¾Ó –~ßé½Ó†¾Ó(6 x c+t €9ú) E

e¦oHs‚ €œôªÇ ÆÒ, âs /'¹¡§ ôÇ&ñ÷&“¦ ÆÒ x9 â #Q9¹¡§ $

©œ$í X<s' $©œ 6xs  X<s' $©œ\ ]jôÇ

(1) WAP '‘×ÐÏ "jâ«

WAP“Ér GSM(Global Standard for Mobiles), TDMA(Time Division Multiple

Ac-cwss), CDMA, CDPD(Cellular Digital Packet Data) 1px`¦ Ÿí†<ÊôÇ —¸ŽH Áº‚ W1àÔ0> ß¼\ ƒ½+É Ãº e”H —¸{9 (ŽÉÓ'6 x v%7˜%ƒ–Ð 1997¸ Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, Unwired Planet(‰&³ Phone.com) 1px 4>h_ r ×æd”s ÷&#Q"f $íôÇ WAP Ÿí!3

\"f >hµ1Ï÷&%3. WAP“Ér HTTP, TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol) 1px l”>r “'Å ³ðïr_ áԖОÐc+t`¦ 6 x t ·ú§"f HTML`¦ HDML ¢¸ 



H WML–Ð ¨8Š #Œ œ ©ñ “§¨8Š$í x9 oœ ³© ðr\¦ t"é¶ H > sàÔJ?s €9כ¹  9, ‰&³F AT&T, BellSouth, Wireless Data, IBM 1px`¦ Ÿí†Ê <#Œ ²DG?/_ SK 9\šYU 9



u, LG 9\šYU9u, ’[jl :Ÿx’ 1px „ [j> 200#Œ>h \O^‰[þts WAP Ÿí!3 r"é¶Ü¼–Ð {9÷&#Q e”. (&˜ñÐ:Ÿx’lÕüt%âòƒ½¨™è, 2000), (™èáÔàÔџß¼pn#Q, 2002), (s1lx 

H 1px 2002). "f Fig. 3(Yong-Woon Kim, 2001)õ °ú s Áº‚}©œõ l”>r_ Ä»‚ “

'Å }©œ_ ƒ1lx`¦ 0A #Œ Ñüt s\ WAP >sàÔJ?s 0Au  9, 6 x_ éߖ ´ú˜lü< >sàÔJ?s s\"fH WAP\"f &_ñ)a áԖОÐc+t–Ð :Ÿx’s sÀÒ#Qt“¦ WAP >sàÔJ?sü< Ä»‚ “'Å }©œ“Ér l”>r_ “'Å :Ÿx’ ~Ód½”“ HTTP–Ð :Ÿx’s

WML WML-Script WTAI WML Encoder WML-Script Compiler Protocol Adapters CGI Scripts Etc. W M L D e c k s w it h W M L S c ri p t Contents

Client WAP Gateway/Proxy Web Server

Fig. 3 Model of WAP service.

sÀÒ#Qt“¦ e”. 7¤ £ 6 x sQôÇ WAP "fqÛ¼\¦ ~ÃÎl 0AK"f :Ÿx’ \OH WAP >sàÔJ?s\¦ ½¨‰&³K “¦ éߖ´ú˜l \O^‰H WML–Ð )a sàÔ\¦ ^¦ ú e” 



H WAP ÚÔĺ$\¦ ]j/BN #Œ  9 –BHJ$™ÞÔ \O^‰(Contents Provider)H "fqÛ¼ |¨c sàÔ\¦ –BHJ™Þ$Ô Òqt$í ƒ#Q“ WML–Ð ½¨‰&³K ôÇ(WAP 2.0-1),(~ÃÌl‰&³ 1px 2001).

ì ø

̀ WAP 1.X_ Ä»‚}©œ ƒ1lx #Q9¹¡§Ü¼–Ð “K WAP Ÿí!3“Ér Áº‚\ :£¤o)a

WMLõ áԖОÐc+t`¦ Ÿíl “¦ XHTML`¦ G×þ˜ #Œ +þAr† WML 2.0(WML 2.0)õ

SSL(Secure Sockets Layer), TCP/IP\ sØԍH l”>r Ä»‚ “'Å ³ðïr`¦ t"é¶ H WAP 2.0 [j@/ Áº‚ “'Å _ ²DG]j ³ðïr ½©`¦ 2001¸\ µ1ϳð #Œ †¾ÓÊê Áº‚ “ 'Å "fqÛ¼ ¨8Šâ`¦  
–Ð :Ÿx½+Ë HX< ·¡ú©œ"f“¦ e”. tëߖ ‰&³F ”'Ÿ ×æ“ ©œ Is(s1lxH 1px 2002), (^”’´ò 1px 2002), (~ÃÌl‰&³ 1px 2004). Fig. 4(WAP 2.0)H

WAP 2.0 "fqÛ¼ ~½Ód”s 9, Fig. 5(Yong-Woon Kim, 2001)H WAP 1.X áԖОÐc+t Û¼

× þ ˜s. (2) ME '‘×ÐÏ "jâ« MEH sß¼–ЙèáÔàÔ P.(Žõ ]jÊë #Œ ]jîߖôÇ ~½Ód”ܼ–Ð WAP 1.X —¸4Sq ~ ½ Ód”õH ²ú˜o Ä»‚ “ 'Å _ áԖОÐc+t Û¼×þ˜`¦ Õª@/–Ð 6 x H ‰&³F_ “'Å

WAP Micro Browser (x/WTA) HTTP Proxy

WAP Device Proxy Application Server

Feature Enhancement

HTTP Server

Contents

Encoded Request(URL) Request(URL)

Contents Encoded Contents

Fig. 4 Proxy model of WAP 2.0 service.

WAE User Agent

WSP WTP WTLS WDP Bearer Client Encoder/Decoder WSP WTP WTLS WDP Bearer Gateway HTTP SSL TCP/IP Contents Bearer Origin Server HTTP SSL TCP/IP Request /Response Encoded Request / Response

Fig. 5 Protocol stack of WAP 1.X.

³ðïr`¦ t"é¶ H ÚÔĺ$–Ð+‹, ™è+þA éߖ´ú˜l(Phone, PDA)1px\ ´òÖ¦&hs 9 s ß¼–ЙèáÔàÔ_ Û¼hA(Stinger) áԖÐ#•oàÔ_ œíl éߖ>\"f †¾ÓÊê Windows CE lìøÍ _ Û¼àÔ ˜:r\ 6 xH†d`¦ 3lq&hܼ–Ð “¦ e”. Õªo“¦ –BHJ$™ÞÔ Òt$qí ƒ#QH Áº‚ ¨ 8 Šâ_ ]j€• M:ëH\ l”>r Ä»‚}©œ_ –BHJ$™ÞÔ\¦ ú6 x½+É Ãº \O#Q HTML`¦ »¡¤€•ôÇ mHTML(Microsoft)sH ß¼\O ƒ#Q\¦ 6 x #Œ "fqÛ¼\¦ “¦ e”(s1lxH 1px 2002). 7£¤ ME ~½Ód”“r ÄÉ »‚ ¨8Šâ_ HTTP áԖОÐc+t`¦ s6x  l M:ëH\ WAP >s àÔJ?sü< °ú s áԖОÐc+t ¨8Šõ&ñ`¦  ut ·ú§ WAP ˜Ð X<s' 5Åxú’ rçߖs ØÔ. Fig. 6“Ér ME "fqÛ¼ —¸4Sqs 9 Fig. 7“r ME áÉ Ô–ÐžÐc+t Û¼×þ˜s(™èáÔàÔџ ß¼pn#Q, 2002), (ME).

Browser Daemon

Request / Response

Client Web Server

Gateway

HTTP

Fig. 6 Model of ME service.

Contents

Request / Response

Client Web Server

Gateway HTTP HTTP SSL TCP Bearer Contents HTTP SSL TCP Bearer

Fig. 7 Comparison of standards of i-Mode, WAP and ME technique.

(3) i-Mode(NTT-DoCoMo)

i-ModeH 1999¸ {9‘:r_ s1lx:x’Ÿ \O“ NTT-DoCoMo(i-Mode) ½¨»¡¤ôÇ 1lq&h“ Áº‚ “'Å ³ðïrs. {9‘:r_ TDMA nt_O !qÒs¦Q ~½Ód”“ PDC(Personal Digital Cellular) 0A\"f J(—¶ :x’Ÿ`¦ t"é¶ H l Õüt–Ð"f, i-Mode @/6£x+þA éߖ´ú˜l\¦ :ŸxK „Bj{9õ R/Û `…st "fqÛ¼\¦ ~ÃÎ`¦ ú e”. ¢¸ôÇ i-Mode\"fH ×æçߖ >s àÔJ?s\¦ ut ·ú§“¦ “'Å ©œ_ –BHJ™Þ$Ô\¦ i-Mode+þAܼ–Ð çߖé–yß ¨8Šr~´ ú e” ܼ 9, HTML 4.0(HTML 4.0)_ "fÚÔ !Ó “ cHTMLsH ß¼\O ƒ#Q\¦ R/Û `…st Œ•$í\ 6 x €"f þj@/ 9.6kbps_ „5Åx5Åq•¸\¦ t"é¶ôÇ. ¢¸ôÇ †¾ÓÊê WAP 2.0 lìøÍ Ü¼–Ð "fqÛ¼ „¨Šs8 ÷&€ WAP 2.0\ @/6£xôÇ é ߖ´ú˜lëߖ e”ܼ€ i-Mode6 x –BHJ$™ÞÔ ü

< WAP6 x –BHJ$™ÞÔ —¸¿º\¦ \P|Ãн+É Ãº e”#Q, i-Mode "fqÛ¼H WAP\ _ôÇ Áº‚ “' Å

éߖ{9 ³ðïr`¦ sÒ¦ ú e”`¦  כ ܼ–Ð l@/ “¦ e”(i-Mode, 1998), (þj6 xU´, 2003). Fig. 8\"fH i-Mode, WAP, MEçߖ_ :£¤fç[þt`¦ q “§ %i(îr$í{9 1px 2002).

Internet HTML HTTP TCP/UDP IP PPP, Ethernet PSTN, LAN i-Mode cHTML ALP TLP PDC-P DoCoMo PN WAP WML WSP WTP WDP PDC, CDMAOne, PHS UDP IP PPP ME HDML HDTP PDC, CDMAOne UDP IP PPP Gateway

Fig. 8 Comparison of standards of i-Mode, WAP and ME technique.

4) ˜¿™ Ùoµ‹dåà ¥U>#a

—

¸{9 –BHJ$™ÞÔ ]jŒ• ƒ#QH ß¼> WAP lìøÍ_ HDMLõ WML, Õªo“¦ HTML

lìøÍ_ cHTML, mHTML, sHTML1pxܼ–Ð ½¨ìr)a(^”â 1px 2002).

WML(Wireless Markup Language)“Ér WAP Forum\ _K &ñ_÷&%3ܼ 9, XML(^”

& ñ B 1px 2002), (^”&ñB 1px 2003), (“¦+À:ïr 1px 2004 1px),(XML)\ lìøÍ`¦ éH ß¼\O ƒ  #Qs. WML“Ér Êë@/˜r, PDA, €: ªœ~½Ó†¾Ó  ñئlü< °ú “Ér —¸{9 éߖ´ú˜l\"f ]jôÇ  ) a 6 x “'`…sÛ¼ :£¤$í`¦ “¦9 “¦, %˜Û7¼àÔ lìøÍ_ –BHJ$™ÞÔ\¦ ]j/BN l 0A #Œ ë ß –[þt#Q&’ܼ 9, IÕª lìøÍs€"f %7˜Û¼àÔ, spt, X<s' {9§4`¦ t"é¶ôÇ(^”½©&ñ, 2002), (WML 1.1).

HDML(Handheld Devices Markup Language)(HDML)“Ér Unwired Planet(UP)

\ _K 1lq&hܼ–Ð >hµ1Ï÷&%3ܼ 9, l”>r_ HTMLõ ²ú˜o ]jôǝa ])j"¶`é¦ ” ll  © œ\"f X<s' ³ð‰&³ x9 6 x ©œ ñŒ•6 x`¦ 0px > ôÇ. HDML ëH"fH Deckõ CardH Œ•1lx >h¥`Ʀ 6 x “¦ e”. sכ “Ér 6£x6 x áԖÐÕªÏþ›s ×æ_ Card–Ð ½¨ $ í )a ëH"f\¦
?/•¸2Ÿ¤ ôÇ. 7Ho&h“ 
 <ʓÉr ×æ_ Card_ |9½+˓Ér 
_

Deck`¦ sÀÒ 9 s Card_ |9½+Ë`¦ :ŸxK R/Û`¦ „ÃÐҐoôÇ(Unwired Planet). ĺo
\ "fH 017, 019\"f l‘:r ƒ#Q–Ð "fqÛ¼ “¦ e“”¦ ´ú§“Ér ˜:r[þts HDML`¦ t"é¶ tëߖ ‰ & ³FH WML_ /åL5ÅqôÇ ˜Ð/åLܼ–Ð Õª 6xs  ‰&³$y צ#Q [þt“¦ e”ܼ 9, @/’ WML `  ¦ l‘:rܼ–Ð #Œ "fqÛ¼ H ÆÒ[j–Ð 7 #Q “¦ e”(™èáÔàÔџß¼pn#Q, 2002), (^”½©&ñ, 2002).

cHTML(Compact HTML)“Ér i-Mode ¨8Šâ\"f 6 x÷& 9, HTML 2.0, 3.2, Õªo

“¦ 4.0_ ÂÒìr |9½+Ës. S-JIS character encoding“Ér ìøÍ×¼r 6 x÷&#Q4R “¦ s ptH GIF ŸíÐ ë–`ߦ t"é¶ôÇ. i-Mode_ éߖ&h“Ér _…s^¦õ áÔYUe”, Õªo“¦ JAVA ü

< Ér ۼ߼wnàÔ ƒ#Q\¦ Ÿí†<ÊK"f éߖ´ú˜l ÚÔĺ$\ ³ðr½+É Ãº \OH כ “Ér t"é¶  t ·ú§H(i-Mode, 1998), (s&ñ¨8Š, 2002).

mHTML(Moblie Hypertext Markup Language)(Microsoft)“Ér l”>r_ Ä»‚ ÚÔ

ĺ$\"f 6 x ~ HTML –BHJ$™ÞÔ[þt`¦ —¸{9 ¨8Šâ\"f 6 x l 0AK HTML 3.2_ ÂÒìr |9½+Ëܼ–Ð ½©&ñt#Q” ›¸| \ ëߖ7ᤠH HTML`¦ _p  9, "fqÛ¼ ¨8Šâ“Ér TCP/IP ©œ_ ³ðïr HTTP áԖОÐc+t`¦ 6 x “¦ HTML 3.2ü<  ñ¨8Šs ÷&tëߖ n sÛ¼_ ôÇ>–Ð “K IÕª[þt`¦ ³ð‰³½&+É Ãº \OH âĺ ÁºrôÇ. 7£¤ HTML 4.0 IÕª [þtõH  ñ¨8Š÷&t ·ú§H(ME),(Phone.com).

sHTML(Small Hypertext Markup Language)(sHTML)“Ér AnyWeb _"tÀ҂ ß¼

\ O

 ƒ#Qs 9, “'Å ³ðïr ëH"f“ HTML`¦ Ér. l‘:r&hܼ–Ð javascript, color, applet, animation, ActiveX script, VB script 1px`¦ t"鶽+É Ãº eܔ¼
 —¸{9 “'Å

Table 3. View of mobile markup languages.  ß¼\O ½¨ìr :Ÿx’ ÚÔĺ$ q“¦ ‰ & ³F WAP 1.X SK-WML SK, ’[jl :Ÿx’, LGT AUR WML 2.0 t"é¶ HDML ’[jl :Ÿx’, LGT UP 3.1, 4.1 WML 2.0, XHTML t"é¶ mHTML KTF ME WML 2.0 t"é¶ UP-WML ’[jl :Ÿx’, LGT UP 3.1, 4.1 WML 2.0, XHTML t"é¶ cHTML NTT DoCoMo Access WML 2.0 t"é¶ MML J-Phone MML WML 2.0,XHTML t"é¶ † ¾ ÓÊê WAP 2.0 WML 2.0 WML 1.1 + XHTML Basic(WAP Forum) XHTML Basic Reformulation of HTML 4.0(W3C) é ß –´ú˜l_ ]j€•&h[þt M:ëH\ rÛ¼%7› ÂÒ \¦ “¦9 #Œ ]jü@rv“¦, €9כ¹ôÇ
 Qt &ñ ˜Ð[þtëߖ %7˜Û¼àÔ 0AÅҖР]j/BNôÇ(sHTML, 1999). 5) /’×Ññ Ùoµ‹dåà V¼ÇÐ ¥U>#a ¦‡>&‘× — ¸{9 ÚÔĺ$H —¸{9 éߖ´ú˜l R/Û\ ]X5Åq½+É M: 6 x÷&H ™èáÔàÔJ?#Qs. ‰ &

³F —¸{9 ÚÔĺ$ lÕüt r©œ“Ér Wireless Planet_ UP Browser tC “¦ e”ܼ

9, Ericssonõ Nokia, Spyglass, MS1pxs _ ÚÔĺ$\¦ r ©œ\ ?/Z~“¦ e”(&ñ ˜Ð:Ÿx’ƒ½¨ †ÆÕ<ütõ]j, 2002), (^”†<Æ#3, 2002).

Table 3(^”l…;, 2002)“Ér ‰³F& ²DG?/·ü@ s1lx :x’Ÿ \O[þts G6 x “¦ e”H —¸ {9 –BHJ$™ÞÔ ]jŒ• ƒ#Q ‰&³S! x9 ‰&³F WAP 1.X_ "fqÛ¼ †¾ÓÊê WAP 2.0 lìøÍ_

WML 2.0ܼ–Ð „¨8Š|¨c „}©œ`¦ ˜Ð#ŒÅғ¦ e”. ÕªQ
 WAP 2.0õ WML 2.0(XHTML

Basic(XHTML Basic)_ +þA)s sp WAP Ÿí!3\"f ¶“ݦ ÷&%3tëߖ ‰&³F \O^‰çߖ sK ›'a>–Ð “K WAP 2.0 lìøÍ_ "fqÛ¼H z´‰&³÷&“¦ e”t ·ú§(Zionwap).

XHTML Basic“Ér XML–Ð )a HTML 4.0_ +þA“ XHTML_ ÂÒìr Sets€"f SX‰

 ©

œ$íõ sd”$ís ÂÒ#Œ)a [j@/ –BHJ$™ÞÔ Òqt$í ƒ#Q–Ð+‹, Êë@/ „o 1px CPU 0px§4õ Bj—¸o &h“Ér —¸{ é9 ߖ´ú˜l6 xܼ–Ð IÕª\¦ × ¦s€"f, Áº‚ “'Å 5Åq•¸\¦ >h‚ 

l 0AôÇ :Ÿx½+Ë –BHJ$™ÞÔ lÕütƒ#Q–Ð WAP Ÿí!3s W3Cü< /BN1lxܼ–Ð •$ŒíôÇ ݶ“¦îߖs (s1lxH 1px 2002). ¢¸ôÇ ²DG?/ s1lx :Ÿx’[þts XHTML Basicܼ–Ð –BHJ$™ÞÔ\¦ "fq Û¼ > |¨c M: s\¦ ÚÔĺfç H ÚÔĺ$H yŒ•yŒ• NMB, KUN, LIONs |¨c כ ܼ–Ð ˜Ð“¦ e”(KTF Ÿí»1Ï lS\‰hË>, 2003).

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HTMLs ryŒ•&h“ ŸíÐ sl M:ëH\ (ŽÉÓ'–Ð #ŒFK &ñ˜Ð\¦ % ƒo > ôǍH 8£¤€\"f ôÇ>\¦ t“¦ e”HX<, R/Û –HJB$™ÞÔ ½¨›¸ ìr$3“r HTML–É Ð ³ð‰&³)a R/Û ½¨›¸ \  ¦ ìr$3 > ÷&€, ìr$3)a R/Û `…stH €ªœôÇ R/Û 6£x6 x áԖÐÕªÏþ›_ {9§4ܼ–Ð 6 x ½ +

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Table 4. Tag types and example of filtering process for HTML tags. Tag Type Description & Example

valid HTML Filter_ ¨8Š %ƒo 0px  9 éߖíHy Tag Setëߖ`¦ s6 xôÇ ¨8Š ú'Ÿ, <br> → <br />, <b> → <b/> validAttributes

HTML Filter_ ¨8Š %ƒo 0x p 9 validü<H ØÔ> HTML IÕª ?/ÂÒ_ :£¤&ñ Attributes\¦ †<Êa ¨8Š†<Ê <a href=“x” target=“y”> → <a href=“x”> validAttributesData

validAttributesü< ðøÍt–Ð HTML IÕª ?/ÂÒ_ Attribute\¦ †<Êa s6 x #Œ ¨Š 8tëߖ ¨8Š)a õ WML IÕª m“¦ Content Data–Ð 6 xH†d

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Table 5. Tag conversion table.

Delete(23)

applet, base, basefont, col, colgroup, dd, dt, font, form, frame, frameset, iframe, li, link, map, noframes, noscript, object, param, scaript, style, textarea, title

Replace(41)

address → i, caption → p, hr → p, html → wml, area → (a,img) ins → u, label → b, center → (p, align=“center”), menu → fieldset, cite → i, sub → small, code → pre, dl → p, th → (td, br)

Preserve a, big, em, head, img, meta, option, pre, small, table, tr, b, br, fieldset, i, input, optgroup, p, select, string, td, uu

Table 6. Modules of XHTML Basic.

Preserve structure, text, hypertext, image, object, meta informa-tion, link, base

Conversion or Delete applet, presentation, edit, bi-directional text, frame, iframe, scripting, stylesheet, html specific

Option forms, table

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Table 8. Ratio of tags for main page layout of web sites. ›

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Fig. 9 Proposed concept of browsing view.

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Fig. 10 Example view web document.

 

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