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Supports by governments for Bioethanol Bioethanol Introduction Introduction

Supports by governments for Bioethanol Bioethanol Introduction Introduction

Brazil USA Germany France Japan

Approach Direct mixture Direct mixture ETBE ETBE Direct mixture,

ETBE

Raw material Sugarcane Corn Rye, Wheat Sugar beet,

Wheat

* E100 partially introduced

Obligatory rate of 10% in five states (Minnesota, Hawaii, Montana, Missouri, and Washington)

* E85 partially introduced

Upper limit: about 5% for ethanol

* E85 partially introduced

Upper limit: 3%

(Act on the Quality Control of Gasoline and Other Fuels)

Tax break Tax reduction of about 15 yen per liter

Commodity tax reduction of about 16 yen per liter

Tax reduction of about 91 yen per

liter

Tax reduction of about 45 yen per

liter

-Introduction target/obligation

Basis is mixture ratio of 20%; changeable between 20 and 25%

depending on the supply condition of ethanol

Energy Policy Act of 2005 and Renewal Fuel standard: dictates use of 28 million kl of recyclable fuels contained in fuel for cars by 2012

EU Biofuels Directive: It sets the ratio of bio fuel to all the fuels for transportation to 2% in 2005 and 5.75%

in 2010.

-Source: F.O. Licht, World Ethanol & Biofuels Report 2006, EurObserv ER, Biofuels Barometer 2006, Eco Fuel Use Promotion Council data, data by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; partly converted values included

* ETBE (Ethyl tertiary butyl ether) is an additive to gasoline produced from isobutene, a byproduct of oil production processes, and bio ethanol.

10

Current situation of food supply and demand in the world Current situation of food supply and demand in the world

$416.7 Million ton / year

Supply

Demand

Stock

15.4%

20.6%→

資料:米国農務省「Grain:World Markets and Trade (April 2009)、「PS&D」

Supply and Demand

資料:シカゴ商品取引所(第1金曜日の期近価格)

Market Prices

○ International price of wheat, corn, soy bean, and etc. has increased since around October 2006,It fell in the latter half of 2008,but is still in high level.

○ It is partly because demand of biofuel expands worldwide, so it is necessary to promote biofuel production without influencing food supply.

Soybean

Source: USDA Source: Chicago Market

Bad harvest in US

& Canada in 2002 Drought in Australia in 2006

For Japan, a low self-sufficient country, R&D for utilizing cellulosic materials which do not compete against food is urgently needed.

For Japan, a low self-sufficient country, R&D for utilizing cellulosic materials which do not compete against food is urgently needed.

Problems with regard to enlarging production of

Problems with regard to enlarging production of biofuelsbiofuels

○ Worldwide enlargement of bioethanol from saccharinity and starchy materials are one of the major causes of rising food prices; thus, cellulosic materials, which do not compete against food, needs to be utilized.

○ LCA (life cycle assessment) needs to be established, which can evaluate the amount of CO2 emission and energy efficiency of whole processes from biomass energy crop production, transportation, to manufacture of the biofuels.

Problem

Problem① impact on food pricesimpact on food prices

Problem

Problem② environmental loadenvironmental load

○ LCA (life cycle assessment) needs to be established, which can

comprehensively evaluate the environmental load in the whole processes from resource productions to using the biofuels.

○ LCA (life cycle assessment) needs to be established, which can

comprehensively evaluate the environmental load in the whole processes from resource productions to using the biofuels.

Using crops such as sugar beets and corn as raw materials of biofuels triggers rising food prices in the world.

Biofuels are said to be carbon neutral;

however, it is pointed that resource production, transportation and manufacture of such fuels are accompanied by CO2 emission

Measures to enlarge Japanese biofuel production needs to be established

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

Production and gathering of energy crops

BioBio--ethanolethanol

Agricultural chemicals and/or Fertilizer(emission of CO2)

Using external energy

Facilities and/or machine

(emission of CO2)

Process of manufacturing bio-ethanol

Using by-products from manufacturing process such as bagasse (absorption of CO2)

* It is said that cellulosic materials such as thinned wood decreases more CO2 and are more efficient energy than energy crops requiring external energy in the course of production.

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) of BiofuelsBiofuels

○It is important to study the amount of emission of carbon dioxide and efficiency of the biofuels in order to use external energy when energy crops are produced and biofuels are manufactured.

GBEP Steering Committee

Task Force on Sustainable Bioenergy GHG

Task Force Technical

Working Group

○G8 Gleneagles summit in 2005, G8+5(Brazil, China, India, Mexico, South Africa) reached an agreement to establish Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP) in order to develop bioenergy sustainably. GBEP was established in May 2006.

○Secretariat is in FAO.

○work in progress

・make science-based benchmarks and indicators for biofuel production and use to contribute sustainable development of bioenergy

・formulate a harmonized methodological framework on green house gas emission reduction measurement from the use of biofuels.

Outline

Background Organization

Schedule

Global Bioenergy Partnership(GBEP)

GHG Task Force will make a report by March 2009 Task Force on Sustainable Bioenergy will make a report by the end of April 2009

Report to G8 Summit of 2009

G8 Leaders Statement of Hokkaido Toyako Summit

“we will work together with other relevant stakeholders to develop science-based benchmarks and indicators for biofuel production and use”

Environment & 바이오매스 Policies in 일본

-For 일본’s 녹색성장

-일본의 환경 및 바이오매스

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