1 4
해석 ❶협동에는 진화적이거나 문화적인 많은 이유가 있다. ❷가장 중요한 협동 수단 중 하나는 눈이다. ❸시선의 마주침은 우리 가 차량 운행 중에 잃는 가장 강력한 인간의 힘일지도 모른다. ❹그것이 보통은 인간이 꽤 협동적인 종임에도 불구하고, 도 로에서 그렇게 비협조적이 될 수 있는 거의 틀림없는 이유이다. ❺대부분의 시간에 우리는 너무 빨리 움직이고 있어서, 시속 20마일 정도에서 시선을 마주치는 능력을 잃기 시작하거나, 혹은 (서로를) 보는 것이 안전하지 않다. ❻어쩌면 우리의 시야 가 차단되어 있을 수도 있다. ❼흔히 다른 운전자들이 선글라스를 끼고 있거나, 그들의 차에는 색이 옅게 들어간 창문이 있 을 수 있다. ❽때로 우리는 백미러를 통해 시선을 마주치지만, ‘얼굴을 마주하고 있는 것’이 아니기 때문에 그것은 약하게, 처 음에는 전혀 믿을 수 없게 느껴진다.
➡ ❾운전하는 동안, 사람들은 (A) 비협조적이 되는데, 왜냐하면 그들이 (B) 거의 시선을 마주치지 않기 때문이다.
어휘 evolutionary 진화적인 means 수단 eye contact 시선의 마주침 force 힘 arguably 거의 틀림없이; 주장하건데 noncooperative 비협조적인 cooperative 협조적인 rearview mirror (자동차의) 백미러
대표 예제
● 본문 118쪽
● 본문 120~123쪽
READING
1~
41 ① 1⑴faster → later⑵simpler → morecomplex 2② 2 ③ 1opinion 2②
3 ② 1contact, trouble 2④ 4 ① 1avoidingcrashinginto 2⑤
More & More
책1.indb 67
책1.indb 67 2020. 11. 18. 오후 12:382020. 11. 18. 오후 12:38
유형 해결 전략
1
①● 본문 120쪽
❶Crows are a remarkably clever family of birds. ❷They can solve many
more complex problems / when they’re compared to other birds, / such as
chickens. ❸After hatching, / chickens are able to peck / for their own food.
❹On the other hand, / crows rely on / the parent bird for food / in the nest.
❺However, / as adults, / chickens have very limited hunting skills, / while
crows are much more flexible / in hunting for food. ❻Crows also end up
with / bigger and more complex brains. ❼Their extended period / between
hatching and leaving the nest / enables them to develop intelligence.
* peck: (모이를) 쪼아 먹다
➡ ❽Crows are more (A) intelligent than chickens / because crows have a
longer period of (B) dependency.
까마귀는 놀랄 만큼 영리한 조류이다
❸After hatching, chickens are able to peck for their own food.
After hatching은 시간을 나타내는 분사구문으로, 접속사의 의미를 명 확하게 하기 위해 접속사를 생략하지 않았으며 After they hatch인 절로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
❻Crows also end up with bigger and more complex brains.
bigger and more complex는 <비교급+and+비교급>의 형태로
‘점점 더 크고 더 복잡한’이라는 뜻이다.
❼Their extended period between hatching and leaving the nest enables them to develop intelligence.
주어는 Their extended period, 동사는 enables이고, between ~ and more complex brains를 통해 까마귀의 높은 지능 파악 ➡
유형 해결 전략
UNIT 14. 요약문 완성하기
69
2
③● 본문 121쪽
❶In one experiment, / two groups of subjects observed / a person solve 30
multiple-choice problems. ❷In all cases, / 15 of the problems were solved
correctly. ❸One group of subjects saw / the person solve more problems
correctly / in the first half. ❹Another group saw / the person solve more
problems correctly / in the second half. ❺The group / that saw the person
perform better / on the initial examples / rated the person as more
intelligent. ❻They also recalled / that he had solved more problems
correctly / while the other group formed the opposite opinion. ❼Once an
opinion on the initial set of data is formed, / when opposing evidence is
presented / it can be discounted. ❽This is done / by attributing later
performance to some other cause.
* subject: 실험 대상자 ** attribute ~ to ...: ~을 …의 탓으로 돌리다
➡ ❾People tend to form an opinion / based on (A) earlier data, / and when
evidence against the opinion is presented, / it is likely to be (B) ignored.
한 실험에서 두 집단의 실험자들은 관찰했다 한 사람이 30개의 선다형
❶~ two groups of subjects observed a person solve 30 multiple-choice problems. ❸One group of subjects saw the person solve ~.
observed a person solve와 saw the person solve는 <지각동 사(observe, see)+목적어+목적격보어>의 형태인 5형식으로, 지각 동사의 목적격보어로 모두 동사원형 solve가 쓰였다.
❼~ when opposing evidence is presented it can be discounted. 성함(formed the opposite opinion) → 반대되는 증거가 제
4
유형 해결 전략
3 4
②
● 본문 122쪽
❶Every year the number of people living in Africa and Asia increases.
❷As the human populations grow, / their need for land and resources also
increases. ❸By cutting the trees and building houses, / people change
natural habitats into farmland. ❹Their homes stand in places / where
elephants once lived. ❺Elephants seeking food and water / are forced to
look elsewhere. ❻With farmland dotting the landscape, / elephants now
cannot travel freely. ❼Without the ability to migrate across the continent, /
they are cut off / from elephant society. ❽Furthermore, / sharing land /
puts humans and elephants in closer contact. ❾For some elephant
populations, / this contact means trouble. ❿Wild elephants have been seen
with wounds / from bullets and other weapons. ⓫Some have lost their
tusks / after being caught. * tusk: (코끼리 따위의) 엄니〔상아〕
➡ ⓬Growth of human populations / in Africa and Asia / leads to
(A) expansion into elephant habitats, / limiting elephants’ movement /
along with (B) cruel acts done to them.
매년 아프리카와 아시아에 사는 사람들의 수가 증가한다
❶Every year the number of people living ~ increases.
<the number of+복수 명사>의 주어는 the number이므로 단수
유형 해결 전략
4
UNIT 14. 요약문 완성하기
71
4
● 본문 123쪽 ①
❶In a study, / psychologist Laurence Steinberg and his co-author,
psychologist Margo Gardner / divided 306 people / into three age groups: /
young adolescents, with an average age of 14; / older adolescents, with an
average age of 19; / and adults, aged 24 and older. ❷Subjects played a
computerized driving game / in which the player must avoid crashing into
a wall / that appears, / without warning, / on the roadway. ❸Steinberg and
Gardner randomly / assigned some participants to play alone / or with two
same-age peers looking on. ❹On an index of risky driving, / the driving of
older adolescents / was 1.5 times more dangerous, / and the driving of early
ones was twice as reckless / when others were around. ❺In contrast, / adults
behaved in similar ways / regardless of whether they were on their own / or
observed by others. * index: 지수 ** reckless: 무모한
➡ ❻The (A) presence of peers makes adolescents, / but not adults, / more
likely to (B) take risks.
한 연구에서 심리학자 Laurence Steinberg와 그의 공동 저자인 심리학자 Margo Gardner는
❸~ assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.
assigned some participants to play는 <assign+목적어+목적 격보어>의 형태인 5형식으로 ‘~에게 …하도록 명하다’라는 뜻이다.
with two same-age peers looking on은 <with+명사(구)+현재 분사(구)>의 형태로 ‘~한 채로’라는 뜻으로 동시동작의 의미를 나타